李克强总理治国理政重要表述节选（二）

1、改革是中国最大的红利。

Reform will yield the greatest dividend for China.

改革是中国最大的红利。之所以说改革是最大的红利，是因为我国社会主义市场经济还在完善过程中，靠改革进一步解放生产力还有巨大的潜力，让改革的红利惠及全体人民还有巨大的空间。改革贵在行动，喊破嗓子不如甩开膀子。中国的改革进入了深水区，也可以说是攻坚期，的确是因为它要触动原有的利益格局。现在触动利益往往比触及灵魂还难。但是，再深的水我们也得趟，因为别无选择，它关乎国家的命运、民族的前途。这需要勇气、智慧、韧性。所幸的是，这些可以从我们的人民当中去汲取，使改革迈出坚实的步伐。

Reform will yield the greatest dividend for China. This is because the socialist market economy in China is still being improved, and reform will further unleash the enormous potential of productivity, and much can be done to bring the reform dividend to the entire people. Reform cannot succeed without real action. Getting things done is more important than just yelling. China’s reform has entered deep water zone where tough challenges must be met. This is because reforms will shake up vested interests of various groups. Taking away some of their vested interests is more difficult than changing their way of thinking. However, we must wade through the uncharted waters no matter how deep they are. We have no choice. What is at stake is the country’s destiny and the nation’s future. We need to have courage, vision and resilience. Fortunately, we can draw such strengths from the Chinese people and make solid progress in our reform endeavor.

2、打造中国经济的升级版

Upgrade China’s economy.

一方面要把握稳中求进的总基调，搞好宏观调控，统筹考虑稳增长、控通胀、防风险，保持经济平稳运行，另一方面要立足当前、着眼长远，用勇气和智慧推动转型发展，打造中国经济升级版，这对稳增长、增后劲具有双重作用，是现代化必由之路。没有这种积极主动的“升级”，发展也难以稳住、更难持续。打造中国经济升级版，首先要立足于扩大内需，在扩大开放中培育和拓展好国内市场，这是在风云变幻中确保发展能够不断持续的重要基础。转型升级要在稳增长中提高质量和效益。面对竞争激烈、产能过剩矛盾突出、要素成本上升的压力，要支持企业加快调整优化结构，提高科技创新对经济增长的贡献率，推动产业向中高端升级，实现进中求好。

We must keep to the underlying principles of making progress while maintaining stability, effectively conduct macro-control, ensure both stable growth, inflation control and risk management and maintain smooth economic performance. At the same time, we need to address both immediate and long-term needs, promote structural transformation and development with courage and vision and launch an upgraded version of the Chinese economy. It will play a dual role of ensuring stable growth and sustaining development momentum. This is the only way to realize modernization. Without taking such initiative to upgrade China’s economy, it will be difficult to maintain stable and sustainable development. To upgrade China’s economy, we should, first and foremost, boost domestic demand and nurture and expand the domestic market in the process of opening the country further to the outside world. This will lay an important foundation for ensuring sustainable development in a volatile environment. In the course of transforming and upgrading the economy, we should enhance its quality and performance by maintaining stable growth. Facing pressure that arises from fierce competition, excess production capacity and rising cost of factors of production, we must support enterprises in accelerating structural adjustment and improvement, make R&D contribute more to economic growth, move industries up the value chain and deliver a better performance.

3、简政放权，转变政府职能。

Streamline administration, delegate more powers and transform government functions.

处理好政府与市场、政府与社会的关系，把该放的权力放掉，把该管的事务管好，激发市场主体创造活力，增强经济发展内生动力，把政府工作重点转到创造良好发展环境、提供优质公共服务、维护社会公平正义上来。向市场放权、为企业松绑，用政府权力的“减法”换取市场活力的“加法”。 政府不该管的事情管多了，就没有精力去管住管好自己该管的事。结果很可能就是干了市场的活，却弱化了政府的责，甚至是失了政府的责。这次改革从减少投资审批、减少生产经营活动审批、减少资质资格许可、减少行政事业性收费、改革工商登记制度、改革社会组织管理制度等方面放权，也就是要逐步地、最大限度地把权力放下去、交出去，放给市场、交给社会。这有利于发挥人民群众的积极性，特别是在当前经济形势复杂严峻的情况下，可以有效激发民间投资的潜力和全社会的活力、创造力，释放制度红利，促进经济持续健康发展。当然，这对反腐倡廉也是一剂良药。

We should properly handle the relationship between the government and the market and between the government and the society. The government should delegate those powers that should be delegated and manage in an effective way affairs that fall within its responsibility. It should spark the creativity of market entities and boost the internal driving force for economic development. The government should shift its focus to creating a sound environment for development, providing quality public services and upholding social equity and justice. More power should be given to the market and restrictions on businesses should be lifted. More power of the government should be cut to invigorate market vitality. The government should not overreach itself, as this will prevent it from managing well affairs for which it is responsible. Overreaching itself will weaken its own role and cause it to fail to perform its responsibility despite it having done the work of the market. This round of reform started with delegating powers in terms of reducing approvals on investment, production, business operation and qualification, in terms of cutting administrative charges and in terms of reform of business registration system and management of social organizations. This means that power will be delegated in a gradual yet most substantial way to lower levels of government, to the market and to the society. This will motivate the people. In particular, given the current intricate and challenging economic development, it will effectively unleash the potential of private investment and the vitality and creativity of the whole society, release the dividend of our system, and promote sustained and sound economic growth. This is also an effective way to combat corruption and foster integrity.

4、创新宏观调控模式，明确经济运行合理区间。

Improve ways of conducting macro-control and set a proper range for economic performance.

实现经济长期持续健康发展，要善于运用经济运行合理区间和宏观经济政策框架的总体思路。经济运行合理区间要有一个下限和上限，下限是稳增长、保就业，上限是防通胀。在这个合理区间内，要坚持主线是转变经济发展方式、主动力是改革攻坚、着力点是调整经济结构。当经济运行滑向下限或逼近上限时，也要按照既稳当前、更利长远的原则，坚持用改革的办法、调整结构的措施，统筹施策、精准发力，使经济避免大的波动，保持平稳运行和持续健康发展。我们既要保持一个经济运行的合理区间，也要有一个比较明确的宏观经济政策框架，包括经济总量政策、调结构的措施和促改革的举措。这个政策框架要与经济运行的合理区间配合起来运作，而且是稳定的、可预期的。

To achieve long-term, sustained and sound economic development, we need to follow the guiding principle of setting a proper range of economic performance and putting in place a policy framework of conducting macro-economic control. The proper range of economic performance has a floor and a ceiling: The floor is to ensure stable growth and employment; and the ceiling is to cap inflation. Within this proper range, we should focus on transforming the growth model, carrying out reform in crucial areas and adjusting economic structure. When the economy moves towards the floor or ceiling, we need to react in a way that will ensure both stable current growth and long-term economic performance. We need to persist in reform and pursue structural adjustment by adopting comprehensive and well-targeted measures, so as to avoid major fluctuations in the economy and maintain stable, sustained and sound economic development. In addition to maintaining the proper range of economic performance, we also need a well-defined policy framework for conducting macro-economic control, which includes policies concerning total economic output, measures for carrying out structural adjustment and steps of carrying out reform. Such a policy framework should function in coordination with the proper range of economic performance, and it should be a stable and predictable one.

5、利当前、惠长远，各项政策都要把稳当前和增后劲结合起来。

We should address both current and long-term needs and ensure that all policies will contribute to both maintaining current stable economic performance and sustaining long-term growth.

做好经济工作不仅要立足当前，也要着眼长远，把稳当前和增后劲结合起来。增后劲就必须加快推动经济转型升级。我们每一项措施的出台，都要有宏观的、带有预见性的考虑，既应对当前又兼顾长远，甚至更有利于长远。要进一步深化改革，形成一种能够长期有效、符合市场化改革方向、真正对增强经济发展后劲管用的制度安排。不论国际风云如何变幻，我们咬定青山不放松，做一些有利于长远的事情，保证中国今后十年、二十年乃至更长时期的持续健康发展。我们在工作中，一定要考虑更好地让机制来发挥作用，不能“头痛医头、脚痛医脚”。要做对当前有用、对长远有利的事情。

In running the economy, we need to bear in mind both current and long-term development needs and ensure both current stable economic performance and long-term growth. To sustain long-term growth, we must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of China’s economy. Every step we take should be based on macro and long-term considerations to ensure that such step will address both current needs and, more importantly, our long-term interests. We need to deepen reform and put in place systems that will prove effective in the long run, be consistent with the goal of market-oriented reform and ensure sustainable growth. No matter what changes will take place in the world, we will focus on our goal, which is to take steps that serve both China’s current and long-term interests and will ensure sustained and healthy development of China in the next 10 to 20 years and beyond. In our work, we must give full play to the role of mechanisms rather than take a piecemeal approach without having the full picture in mind. To repeat, what we do should meet both current and long-term development needs.

6、扩大全方位主动开放。

Open China wider to the outside world in all areas.

坚持积极有效利用外资，推动服务业扩大开放、打造内外资企业一视同仁、公平竞争的营商环境，使中国继续成为外商投资首选地。建设好、管理好中国上海自由贸易试验区，形成可复制可推广的体制机制，并开展若干新的试点。扩展内陆沿边开放，让广袤大地成为对外开放的热土。

We will continue to use foreign investment actively and effectively, open up more service sectors to foreign capital, and level the playing field for domestic and foreign enterprises to compete on fair terms so as to ensure that China remains a top destination for foreign investment. We will ensure the successful building and management of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone so that this model can be copied and extended, and we will launch a number of new trials in this area. We will open China’s inland and border areas wider to the outside world and turn these broad areas into hotspots for opening up.

结构调整的主攻方向是扩大内需。

调结构是一篇大文章，有很多工作要做，千万不要误解为调整结构就是单纯压缩过剩产能，这只是调结构的一个方面。我们的大结构方面还存在着很多问题，比如我们过去讲调结构主攻方向是什么？是扩大内需，这是最大的结构调整，也是稳增长的根本之策。作为一个大国经济，不能主要靠外需，而要立足内需，当然有个逐步的过程，但必须坚持去做，而且要依靠新办法、新机制。

The main focus of structural adjustment is to expand domestic demand.

Structural adjustment is a big issue, which calls for a lot of efforts. We should never view structural adjustment as only about reducing overcapacity, which is just one aspect of structural adjustment. There are still a lot of problems in the overall economic structure. There is a another key aspect of structural adjustment that we have been focusing on all along – expanding domestic demand. This is the most important aspect of structural adjustment and also a sure way to achieve stable growth. As China is a big economy, we cannot depend mainly on external demand, but should base ourselves on domestic demand. Of course, this will be a gradual process, but we must move towards this direction, and adopt new methods and new mechanisms.

大力支持民间投资参与市场竞争。

全面清理和修订有关民间投资的行政法规、部门规章及规范性文件，制定清晰透明、公正公平、操作性强的市场准入规则，多设“路标”、少设“路障”，为民间投资参与市场竞争“松绑开路”。坚决打破各种对民间投资制造隐形障碍的“玻璃门”、“弹簧门”，彻底拆除“表面迎进去、实际推出来”的“旋转门”。

Vigorously support the participation of private investment in market competition.

We should thoroughly review and revise the administrative regulations, departmental rules and normative documents concerning private investment, and adopt well-defined, transparent, fair, equitable and enforceable market access rules. We should set up road signs rather than road blocks, and clear the path for private investors to participate in market competition. We should resolutely break various glass doors and swing doors that create hidden obstacles to private investment, and tear down the revolving doors that appear to welcome private investors but actually push them out.

把服务业打造成经济社会可持续发展的新引擎。

大力发展服务业，既是当前稳增长、保就业的重要举措，也是调整优化结构、打造中国经济升级版的战略选择。现在，中国许多工业产品供过于求，服务业的增加值虽已经超过工业，就业人数已经超过农业，但仍有许多领域供不应求。增加服务业有效供给，提高服务业水平，可以释放巨大的内需潜力，形成稳定经济增长的有力支撑。同时，服务业还是最大的就业容纳器。农业要现代化，工业要信息化，新增就业主要靠服务业来吸收，大力发展服务业，有利于实现有就业、更环保、可持续的增长。

Turn the services sector into a new engine driving sustainable economic and social development.

To vigorously grow the services sector is an important step to ensure stable growth and employment at the current stage and a strategic choice for upgrading the Chinese economy through structural readjustment. Currently, there is an oversupply of many industrial products in China. Although the services sector is generating more value than the industrial sector and creating more jobs than agriculture, many services still cannot meet demand. Therefore, to increase effective supply of services and improve the performance of the services sector will unleash huge potential in domestic demand, foster strong support for ensuring stable growth, and boost the efforts to carry out economic adjustment and raise the quality and value of products. The services sector is also the biggest job creator. As we work to modernize agriculture and promote IT application, new jobs will be created by the services sector. Boosting the growth of the services sector will help achieve job-creating and more environment-friendly and more sustainable growth.

加大区域经济结构调整力度，促进经济长期持续健康发展。

我国经济结构不合理突出表现在城乡、区域发展不平衡，而发展最大的回旋余地在中西部。西部大开发在区域协调发展总体格局中具有优先位置，是经济持续健康发展的重要支撑力量，也是促进社会公正的必然要求，要实行差别化的经济政策。重点基础设施建设更多地向西部倾斜，加快构建完整的铁路、公路骨架网络，推进重大水利工程建设。要积极引导产业转移和培育特色优势产业，在继续实行现有优惠政策基础上研究制定新的措施，支持西部承接劳动密集型、环境友好型产业转移，支持水、光、风等自然资源开发利用以及优势能源矿产资源就地加工转化。促进新型城镇化和农业现代化有机结合、相辅相成。要强化科技和人才支撑，完善激励机制，鼓励人才留在西部，使他们的创业创新能量得到更好的发挥。

Work harder to adjust the regional economic structure to promote long-term, sustainable and sound growth of the economy.

The imbalance in China’s economic structure is mainly found in development gaps between urban and rural areas and among different regions. But central and western China holds the biggest potential for China’s development. The development of western China is high on China’s overall agenda for advancing balance regional development. The development of western China is a key driver fuelling China’s sound and healthy economic growth, which is also essential to promoting social equity. Such development therefore calls for pursuing differentiated economic policies. Priority should be given to western China in launching major infrastructure projects, and the construction of railway and highway projects should be sped up. Steps should be taken to guide industrial relocation and grow local businesses with distinctive strengths. While continuing current policy incentives, new measures should be adopted to support the relocation of labor-intensive and environment-friendly industries in the western regions, the development and utilization of water, light, wind and other natural resources as well as processing and commercialization of local energy and mineral resources with competitive strengths in the western regions. We should ensure that the new-type of urbanization and agricultural modernization will reinforce each other. More importance should be given to R&D and human resources development. The mechanism of providing incentives should be improved to keep competent personnel in the western regions and fully tap their entrepreneurship and power of innovation.

施政要以信为本、知行合一。

古人说无信不立，政府必须有公信力，施政就是要以信为本。各级政府和有关方面都要在抓好政策落实上下功夫，言必行，行必果，争取尽早见效，使广大群众得到实惠。各地区、各部门要举一反三，系统梳理今年以来国务院出台的各项政策措施落实情况，切实采取有效办法，确保这些决策部署不折不扣落到实处、发挥实效、不放“空炮”，确保政令畅通，令必行、行必果，兑现政府对人民的承诺。各级政府和有关方面都要在抓好政策落实上下功夫，言必行，行必果，争取尽早见效，使广大群众得到实惠。

Credibility and delivering results are essential to good governance.

An ancient Chinese philosopher observed that a man cannot establish himself in society without credibility. This is also true for a government. Good governance is based on the government’s credibility. Governments at all levels and the relevant authorities should focus on policy implementation to ensure that promises are speedily honored to benefit the people. All local governments and government bodies should be proactive and conduct a full review of the progress in implementing the policies and measures introduced by the State Council this year. Credible steps should be taken to ensure that all those policies and measures are not treated as “empty slogans”, but are fully implemented and deliver real results. Full implementation of government decisions and policies and results-oriented actions are key to fulfilling the government’s commitment to the people.

政府过紧日子，人民过好日子。

建设廉洁政府，要坚决落实国务院向社会承诺的“约法三章”，勤俭过日子。公共资金特别是保障基本民生的资金是一条“高压线”，任何部门、任何单位、任何人都不允许触碰。要及时曝光和严惩违法行为，建设廉洁政府，真正做到“政府过紧日子、人民过好日子。”各级政府要转变政风，倡俭治奢，过紧日子，把钱用在刀刃上，为推进“营改增”创造条件。政府的职责是为老百姓办事，要把取之于民的钱更好地造福人民，政府简朴了，用于群众的钱就能更多。

The government should tighten its belt to make people lead a better life.

To build a clean government, we must honor the government’s three-point commitment to the general public and practice economy. (The three-point commitment: Construction of new government buildings and renovation and expansion of existing government buildings are prohibited. The total number of government employees is to be reduced. Government spending of official overseas visits, official vehicles and official hospitality is to be reduced.) Public funding, especially funding for basic welfare programs, is a “high voltage power line” that no government department or institution or individual should touch without authorization. We should promptly expose and severely penalize violations of laws and regulations and truly live up to our commitment of building a clean government and tightening government belt to make people lead a better life. Governments at all levels must improve conduct, practice frugality, guard against extravagance, and live on a tight budget so that money saved will be spent where it is needed most and conditions can be created to advance business tax-to-VAT reform. The government has the responsibility to serve the people. Money taken from the people should be used to bring benefit to them. When the government practices economy, more money can be used to meet people’s needs.

加快织就织好一张覆盖全民的社会保障“安全网”。

要把政府的工作重点放到“保基本”上来，加快织就织好一张覆盖全民的社会保障“安全网”，特别是要“补短板”、“兜底线”，为人民基本生活提供保障。同时，在非基本的公共服务领域，要更多更好发挥市场和社会的作用。要让社会有“兜底”的安全保障网，让人民群众、让职工们敢于去就业创业。要以保基本、兜底线、促公平、可持续为准则，做好民生保障和改善工作。

Accelerate the establishment of a social safety net that covers the whole population.

The government should place priority on meeting people’s basic needs, and we should accelerate the establishment of a social safety net that covers the whole population. In particular, we should strengthen the weak links, meet minimum living needs and provide basic guarantee for people’s lives. At the same time, we need to fully leverage the role of the market and society in providing non-basic public services. We need to put in place a social safety net that meets people’s minimum living needs so that people will feel reassured when seeking employment or starting their own business. We should deliver a good performance in ensuring and improving people’s lives by acting on the principle of meeting people’s basic and minimum living needs and promoting equity and sustainable development.