以改革创新驱动中国经济长期持续健康发展
The
Chinese Economy: Reform and Innovation for Sustained and Healthy Development
——在第七届夏季达沃斯论坛上的致辞
Speech at the World Economic
Forum Annual Meeting of the New Champions 2013
李克强
Li Keqiang
2013年9月11日
11 September 2013
尊敬的克劳斯•施瓦布主席先生和夫人，
尊敬的各位贵宾、女士们、先生们、朋友们：
Professor
Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, and Mrs. Schwab,
Distinguished
Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Friends,
首先，我代表中国政府对第七届夏季达沃斯论坛的召开表示热烈祝贺！对各位嘉宾的光临表示诚挚欢迎！
Let me begin by extending, on
behalf of the Chinese government, hearty congratulations on the opening of the
seventh Summer Davos Forum and a warm welcome to all the distinguished guests.
7年前，达沃斯论坛从瑞士的高山之巅来到中国的渤海之滨，我当时正在辽宁工作，亲身参与了论坛的创办，至今历历在目。这些年来，论坛在大连和天津轮流举办，影响越来越大，我感到由衷高兴。本届论坛以“创新：势在必行”为主题，具有很强的引领性和前瞻性。
Seven years ago, when the Davos
Forum came from the high mountains in Switzerland to the shore of the Bohai Bay
in China, I was working in Liaoning and was personally engaged in the launch of
the Forum, and my memories of the event are still vivid today. I am truly happy
that the Forum, which has been held in Dalian and Tianjin in rotation since
then, is gaining greater influence, and I find the theme of this year’s Forum, “Meeting
the Innovation Imperative,” a forward-looking one that points the way to the
future.
从2008年9月至今，国际金融危机爆发已整整五年。目前世界经济形势仍错综复杂，发达经济体刚出现一些好转迹象，新兴经济体又面临较大下行压力，可谓一波未平一波又起。受多重因素影响，中国经济增长速度也有所放缓，昨天，我和施瓦布先生一起与部分企业家代表进行了交流，大家对中国经济形势及发展前景等问题十分关心。一段时间以来，国际上对中国经济有不少议论，担心会不会出现一些国家曾遇到的增长过早放缓问题，甚至出现“硬着陆”。我想告诉大家，中国正处在转型升级的关键阶段，当前经济发展的基本面是好的，经济运行总体是平稳的。
Five years have passed since the
outbreak of the international financial crisis in September 2008. Yet the world
economy still faces a complex situation. Just as developed economies begin to
show some signs of improvement, emerging economies are confronted with rather
serious downward pressure. As we often say in China, “Hardly has one wave
subsided when another wave rises.” Affected by a multiple of factors, economic
growth in China has slowed down to some extent. Yesterday, Professor Schwab and
I had an exchange of views with some of the business representatives. They all
showed a keen interest in the state and prospects of the Chinese economy. For
some time now, there have been many comments on the Chinese economy, wondering
whether it may slow down too early, like in some other countries, or even
encounter a hard landing. What I would like to say is that the Chinese economy,
which is at a crucial stage of transformation and upgrading, is moving forward
in a steady way and its fundamentals are sound.
今年一季度，中国经济增速从去年四季度的7.9%下滑到7.7%，二季度又下行至7.5%，消费、投资以及外贸增速呈下行态势，中央财政收入出现多年来少有的负增长。面对经济下行压力，我们坚持稳中求进的工作总基调，采取了一系列创新性的政策措施，统筹稳增长、调结构、促改革，保证了经济平稳运行。
Economic growth in China went
down from 7.9 percent in the fourth quarter of last year to 7.7 percent in the
first quarter and 7.5 percent in the second quarter of this year with a reduced
increase in consumption, investment and foreign trade. There was a registered
negative growth in the central government revenue, which has been rarely seen
for many years. Confronted with downward pressures, we stayed committed to the overall
policy of seeking steady economic progress. We took a host of innovative
policies and measures with a holistic approach to pursue steady growth, conduct
structural readjustment and promote reform, which served to ensure a smooth
economic performance.
第一，兼顾当前和长远，稳定宏观经济政策。经济下行时，用短期刺激政策把经济增速推高，不失为一种办法，但我们权衡利弊，认为这无助于解决深层次问题，因而选择了既利当前、更惠长远的策略，保持宏观经济政策的稳定。在财政政策方面，坚持不扩大赤字，而是调整支出结构，压缩行政开支，加快支出进度，加大对中西部地区、结构调整、保障民生的支持，对小微企业实行税收优惠。在货币政策方面，保持定力，即使货币市场出现短期波动，我们也沉着应对，不畏艰险，既不放松也不收紧银根，管理好流动性，重点通过盘活存量、用好增量，支持实体经济发展。我们还通过加强监管和规范发展，积极防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险。对大家都很关注的地方政府性债务问题，我们正在采取有针对性的措施，有序规范和化解。可以有把握地说，总体是安全可控的。
First, keeping the macroeconomic
policy stable with consideration given to both immediate and long-term needs.
In the face of economic downturn, a short-term stimulus policy could be one way
to drive up growth. But after weighing the pros and cons, we concluded that
such an option would not help address the underlying problems. Hence, we opted
for keeping the macroeconomic policy stable, which we believe served both the
immediate needs and long-term interests of the economy. With respect to fiscal
policy, we introduced policy measures that kept deficit from expanding,
readjusted the expenditure structure, cut down administrative expenditures,
accelerated spending, increased support for the central and western regions as
well as for structural readjustments and for improving people’s wellbeing, and
granted preferential tax treatment to small and micro businesses. In terms of
monetary policy, we stayed focused, responded calmly and met difficulties
head-on. We did not relax or tighten the monetary policy in spite of the
short-term fluctuation in the money market, and properly managed liquidity. We
supported the real economy mainly by making good use of both the stock and the
increment. At the same time, we strengthened supervision and improved
regulation to prevent and defuse potential risks in the fiscal and financial
sectors. Regarding the local government debt issue, which has become a source
of concern, we are taking pertinent measures to regulate and address it in an
orderly fashion. Here, I can say with certainty that the situation is on the
whole safe and manageable.
第二，坚定不移推进改革开放，着力激发市场活力。改革创新是一个国家发展的不竭动力。本届政府开门做的第一件大事，就是以转变政府职能为核心，大力推进行政管理体制改革。今年以来已取消和下放了200多项行政审批事项，目的是通过简政放权，把该放的权力放开、放到位，把该管的事情管好、管到位，为各类企业营造公平竞争的环境，激发市场主体创造活力。我们扩大了“营改增”试点范围，积极推动利率市场化进程、铁路等基础设施投融资体制、资源性产品价格、政府购买公共服务等领域改革。我们加快推进经济结构改革，发展混合所有制经济，在金融、石油、电力、铁路、电信、资源开发、公用事业、服务业等领域放宽市场准入，引导民间投资增长，为各类所有制企业提供更大发展空间。
Second, steadfastly pursuing
reform and opening-up with priority given to the stimulation of the market.
Reform and innovation provide an inexhaustible driving force for a country’s
development. What this government has done first is to vigorously reform the
administrative system with focus on transforming government functions. Since
the beginning of this year, we have abolished or delegated to lower levels the
conduct of administrative review and approval for over 200 items. By
streamlining administration and delegating power, the government aims to
delegate power to lower levels as much as what is necessary and appropriate
while effectively managing all the matters within its purview so as to provide
a level-playing field for all enterprises and stimulate the creativity of
market players. We have expanded the scope of the business-to-value added tax
pilot reform, and advanced reforms relating to market-based interest rates, the
investment and financing system for the construction of railways and other
infrastructure, pricing of resource products and government procurement of
public services. We have accelerated the reform of economic structure,
endeavored to develop a mixed economy, relaxed market access in the financial,
oil, electricity, railway, telecommunications, resources development, public
facilities and the services sector, encouraged more investment of the
non-public sector, and provided greater space for business of various ownerships.
中国的现代化建设要依靠改革，也离不开开放。我们不断探索对外开放的新路子，上半年与欧洲国家瑞士和冰岛签署了自贸协定，最近又与东盟领导人商议打造中国—东盟自贸区升级版。在上海建立自由贸易试验区，探索负面清单管理模式，重点在投资准入、服务贸易领域扩大开放。我们还推出了提高对外贸易便利化等措施促进进出口平稳增长。
China’s modernization will not be
accomplished without reform, nor will it be achieved without opening-up. We
have explored new ways to open China wider to the outside world. In the first
half of this year, we signed FTA agreements with Switzerland and Iceland, and
we have recently discussed with ASEAN leaders on how to upgrade the China-ASEAN
Free Trade Area. In our effort to build a pilot free trade-zone in Shanghai,
the negative-list approach will be explored and priority will be given to easier
investment access and greater openness in trade in services. We have also
adopted measures to facilitate foreign trade and promote a steady growth in
import and export.
第三，着眼转型升级，调整优化结构。中国经济已经到了只有转型升级才能持续发展的关键阶段。扩大内需是最大的结构调整，促进城乡和区域协调发展是主要任务，实现工业化、新型城镇化、信息化和农业现代化同步推进是基本途径，发展服务业是重要战略支撑。我们积极培育新的消费热点，推动实施“宽带中国”战略。我们加强薄弱环节建设，增加节能环保、棚户区改造、城市基础设施、中西部铁路等方面的投资，加大对集中连片特困地区的支持力度。我们出台专门政策措施，促进养老、健康、文化、教育等服务业发展。加快实施创新驱动发展战略，大力推进技术创新，促进科技与经济深度融合，营造有利于创新创业的社会环境。
Third, readjusting and optimizing
the structure with emphasis on transformation and upgrading. China is now at
such a crucial stage that without structural transformation and upgrading, we
will not be able to achieve a sustained economic growth. In readjusting the
structure, the most important aspect is to expand domestic demand, and a major
task is to pursue a balanced development between urban and rural areas and
among different regions. We will rely mainly on industrialization, new type of
urbanization, IT application and modernization of agriculture and focus on
developing the service sector which is of strategic importance. We are
cultivating new growth areas of consumption and implementing the
"Broadband China" strategy. We will enhance the weak links and invest
more in energy conservation and environmental protection, redevelopment of
shantytowns, infrastructure in urban areas, and railways in the central and
western regions. We are stepping up support for contiguous and concentrated
poverty-stricken areas. We have adopted special policy measures to promote old
age care, health, cultural, educational and other services. We are implementing
the strategy of innovation-driven development at a faster pace, aggressively
promoting technological innovation and deep integration of science and
technology with the economy and building a social environment friendly to
innovation and business start-up activities.
今年以来，中国稳增长、调结构、促改革协调推进，主要得益于宏观管理方式的创新。我们根据经济发展潜力和当前实际，科学确定经济运行的合理区间，守住稳增长、保就业的“下限”，把握好防通胀的“上限”。这也是预期调节的预警线。同时，制定与经济运行合理区间相配套的宏观政策框架。只要经济运行处在合理区间，经济总量政策就保持基本稳定，主线是转变经济发展方式，着力点是调整经济结构，关键举措仍然是推动改革创新，不断释放内需潜力、创新动力和改革红利，以激发市场活力，形成增长的内生力量，着力打造中国经济升级版。
Since the start of this year,
China has been rather successful in coordinating efforts to seek steady growth,
conduct structural readjustment and deepen reform, and this is mainly
attributable to innovation in macro management. Seizing the growth potential
and acting to address the need in reality, we have set a reasonable range of
economic performance with a lower limit designed to ensure steady growth and
job creation and an upper limit which is meant to avert inflation. The limits
are also seen as benchmarks for anticipatory regulation measures. We have also
developed a macro policy framework in keeping with the reasonable range of
economic performance. As long as the economy runs within the reasonable range,
we will keep the macroeconomic policy generally stable, and focus on shifting
the growth model and on structural readjustment. In this connection, what is
essential is to advance reform and innovation, tap potential domestic demand,
and unleash innovation motivation and reform dividends in order to boost market
vitality and the internal driving force for growth and upgrade the Chinese
economy.
这些举措，使中国经济运行呈现企稳向好势头。从7、8月份情况看，制造业经理人采购指数（PMI）、工业生产者出厂价格指数（PPI）、工业增加值、进出口、用电量、货运量等主要指标普遍回升，实体经济活跃，城镇就业继续扩大，物价总水平保持稳定，市场信心增强，社会预期向好。这种稳中有进的发展态势让我们坚信，今年经济社会发展的预期目标一定能实现。同时也要看到，目前经济回升的基础仍不牢固，不确定因素还很多。我们不能也不会掉以轻心，要做好进一步克服困难和应对挑战的准备。
These measures have brought about
a sound momentum of stable economic performance in China. In July and August,
PMI, PPI, industrial value added, import and export, power consumption, freight
volume and other major indicators all rebounded; the real economy was active;
urban employment situation continued to improve and prices were generally
stable with enhanced market confidence and growing public expectations. Such a
development momentum of steady progress gives us the confidence that we will
meet the economic and social development goals set for the whole year. Having
said that, we must see that the foundation for economic rebound is still
fragile with many uncertainties ahead. We cannot and will not slacken our
efforts. We must be prepared to tackle more difficulties and challenges.
女士们，先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中国经济持续30多年的高速增长，创造了世界发展史上的奇迹。当前中国经济已进入中高速增长阶段。7.5%左右的增速与过去近两位数的增长相比是慢了一些，但从世界范围看，仍然是世界主要经济体中的高速度。中国经济总量比过去明显增大，目前已进入转型发展阶段，潜在增长率有所下降，经济增长由高速转为中高速符合发展规律。而且，未来中国经济增长必须以提高质量和效益为前提，必须以资源节约和生态环保为支撑，必须以科技创新和技术进步为动力，必须是有就业保障和居民收入相应增加的增长。也就是说，让改革和发展的成果惠及最广大的人民群众。
The fast growth of the Chinese
economy over the past 30-odd years is a miracle in the history of development
of the world. The Chinese economy has entered a phase of medium to high rate
growth. Though lower than the near double-digit rates seen in previous years, a
growth in the neighborhood of 7.5 percent is still considered high for any
major economy in the world. China's economic size is considerably bigger than
before. As the economy enters a phase of transformation, the slowdown of its
prospective growth and moderation of the Chinese economy from a high speed to a
medium to high speed are only natural. Moreover, China's growth in the coming
years should be predicated on higher quality and efficiency, bolstered by
resource conservation and environment protection, and driven by technological
innovation and advance. It has to be a growth with sufficient employment and
growing household income. In other words, we need to ensure the fruits of
reform and development benefit as many people as possible.
展望未来，中国发展前景光明。我们完全有能力、有条件保持经济长期持续健康发展。中国的工业化、城镇化远未完成，区域发展回旋余地和市场潜力巨大；改革大势不可逆转，推进改革必将释放出新的制度活力；中国人民勤劳智慧、自强不息，是最重要的发展支撑。我们将持续发展经济，不断改善民生，促进社会公正，坚定不移地沿着改革开放之路走下去，把中国特色社会主义事业不断推向前进。只要我们咬定长远目标不放松，解决眼前问题不懈怠，中国这艘经济巨轮就一定能够乘风破浪，扬帆远航。中国经济一定能保持长期持续健康发展！
Looking ahead, I see bright
prospects for China's development. We are well placed to sustain a healthy
economic growth in the long run. The process of industrialization and
urbanization is far from being completed in China, which promises a big room
for regional development and huge market potential; reform, an overriding trend
that is irreversible, is bound to unleash fresh institutional vitality; and the
hard work, talent and perseverance of the Chinese people will always provide
the most important support for development. We will continue to grow the
economy, improve people's living standards, uphold social justice, stay firm on
the path of reform and opening-up and advance the cause of building socialism
with Chinese characteristics. As long as we remain committed to long-term goals
and focus on addressing immediate challenges, the giant vessel of the Chinese
economy will break waves and sail far. And we will achieve the sustained and
sound growth of the Chinese economy.
女士们，先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
当今世界，经济全球化、世界多极化、社会信息化深入发展，我们同住一个“地球村”，没有哪一个国家能变成离群索居的“鲁滨逊”。这些年来，中国经济的发展从对外开放中获益匪浅。同时，中国已经成为世界经济增长的主要推动力量之一，在应对国际金融危机中也发挥了重要作用。预计未来5年中国进口将达10万亿美元，对外投资5000亿美元，出境旅游超过4亿人次。中国经济转型升级，将对世界经济的繁荣和发展作出更大贡献。中国愿与世界共同分享这一巨大的商机，也希望各国能够为中国发展提供更好的合作环境。
In the world today, the trend
towards economic globalization, a multi-polar world and IT application is
gaining momentum. We live in a global village. No country can live in isolation
of others like Robinson Crusoe. Over the years, the Chinese economy has
benefited enormously from its opening-up policy. At the same time, China has
become a major engine driving world economic growth and played an important
role in responding to the international financial crisis. In the next five
years, China is expected to import 10 trillion US dollars of goods, invest 500
billion US dollars overseas and send over 400 million tourists abroad. China,
with its economic structure transformed and upgraded, will contribute more to
the prosperity and development of the world economy. China is ready to share
this huge business opportunity with the rest of the world and hopes to have a
better cooperation environment for its development.
中国作为一个发展中大国，在国际事务中有自己的责任和担当。随着经济体量的增大，中国在国际上发挥的作用也会相应增大。中国有句古话：“君子成人之美”。只有美人之美，才能美美与共。我们愿意更多参与国际治理，尽可能提供国际公共产品；与其他发展中国家分享减贫经验，提供更多帮助；为全球经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长分担责任作出贡献。当然，中国仍是一个发展中国家，按照国际标准，还有一亿多人生活在贫困线下。中国实现现代化还需要一个长期艰苦的过程，中国承担的国际责任和义务只能与自身的理念和发展水平相适应。
As a major developing country,
China is ready to take up its responsibility in international affairs. As its
economy expands, China will play an increasingly bigger role in international
affairs. As an ancient Chinese saying goes, “A gentleman is always ready to
help others attain their goals.” We believe that only by helping each other can
we all attain our goals. We are ready to take a more active part in international
governance and do our best to provide international public goods. We are ready
to share our poverty reduction experience with and offer more assistance to
fellow developing countries. We will share responsibility for and make our
contribution to a strong, sustainable and balanced world economy. However,
China is still a developing country. Over 100 million people still live under
the poverty line according to international standards. China’s modernization
will be a long and arduous process. The international responsibilities and
obligations China undertakes must be commensurate with both the level and
approach of its development.
当前世界经济复苏艰难曲折，国际社会应该加强宏观经济政策协调，完善应对跨国金融风险的准备，加快全球经济治理改革。提升发展中国家在国际事务中的代表性和话语权，尽可能减小因一些国家宏观经济政策变化对世界经济特别是新兴市场国家的冲击。各国还应进一步扩大相互开放，旗帜鲜明反对各种形式的保护主义，齐心协力做大世界经济的蛋糕。
In view of the difficulties and
setbacks in the global economic recovery, members of the international
community should increase coordination on macroeconomic policies as well as the
readiness to cope with the cross-border financial risks and help speed up the
reform of the global economic governance. Developing countries should have
greater representation and bigger voices in international affairs so as to
minimize the adverse impact of the change of macroeconomic policies by some
countries on the entire world economy, especially on emerging market economies.
All countries should open wider to other countries, take a clear-cut stand
against all forms of protectionism, and work in concert to enlarge the pie of
the world economy.
中国将一如既往鼓励外国公司来华投资兴业，进一步优化投资环境，强化知识产权保护，营造平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护、共同承担社会责任的环境。我们将继续用事实证明，选择中国是跨国公司兴旺发达的明智之举、上乘之策。
China will continue to encourage
foreign companies to make investment and do business in China. We will create a
more investment friendly environment, intensify IPR protection, and provide an
environment in which all players have equal access to factors of production,
market competition and legal protection while taking up social responsibilities
together. Facts will continue to prove that to come and do business in China is
a wise decision for multinationals to grow their business.
女士们、先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
我们生活在一个飞速变革的时代，变革呼唤创新，创新推动进步。中国政府所采取的一系列政策，都贯穿着改革创新的理念和精神。创新是我们永远高扬的旗帜。希望在座的全球经济新领军者成为各自领域改革创新的生力军。多年来，夏季达沃斯论坛成为聚焦中国经济的重要平台，发挥着独特作用。今天，中国经济发展的奇迹已进入提质增效的“第二季”，后面的故事会更精彩。我相信，夏季达沃斯论坛会越办越好，不仅向世界展示中国人民建设现代化国家的多彩风貌，也为世界和中国实现共同繁荣贡献更多智慧和力量！
We live in a time of fast changes.
Changes call for innovation and innovation leads to progress. Reform and
innovation is the running theme and spirit of the policies adopted by the
Chinese government, and it is the banner that we will always hold high. I hope
you, new champions of the world economy, will become indeed champions of reform
and innovation in your respective areas. Over the years, the Summer Davos has
played a unique role and served as an important platform for discussions on the
Chinese economy. Now the new season of the Chinese economic miracle, one of
better quality and higher efficiency, is unveiled, and I guarantee you even
more exciting stories to come. I am sure that the Summer Davos Forum will
achieve greater successes, presenting to the world new progress of the Chinese
people in building a modern country, and contributing more wisdom and strength
to the common prosperity of China and the world.
最后，预祝本次论坛圆满成功！
In conclusion, I wish this year’s
forum a complete success!
谢谢。
Thank you.
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