拉加德在国际货币基金组织与世界银行2013年秋季年会上的讲话（中英对照）

英语口译、笔译资料下载

英文版：The Future Global Economy and the Future Fund.doc

中文版：拉加德在国际货币基金组织与世界银行2013年秋季年会上的讲话.doc

The Future Global Economy and the Future Fund

未来的全球经济和基金组织

 

Christine Lagarde, Managing Director, International Monetary Fund

克里斯蒂娜·拉加德，国际货币基金组织总裁

 

Washington DC, Friday, October 11, 2013

华盛顿特区，星期五，2013年10月11日

 

Chairman Frieden, President Kim, Governors, Excellencies:

 

弗里顿主席、金行长、各位理事、各位尊敬的来宾：

 

I am delighted to welcome you, on behalf of the IMF, to our Annual Meetings.

 

我非常高兴代表基金组织欢迎各位参加本届年会。

 

Coming into these Meetings, I spoke of the Great Transition underway in the global economy: the changing patterns of growth; the changing dynamics of monetary policy; and the changes taking place in the financial sector as well as in the real economy. These transitions will be with us for some time.

 

这次年会上，我谈及全球经济正在经历的大转型：不断变化的经济增长模式；不断变化的货币政策动态；以及金融业和实体经济正在发生的变革。这些转型将持续很长一段时间。

 

Even as we grapple with them, we have a responsibility to raise our eyes—and look toward some of the major changes that will transform the global economy over the next generation. I want to take the opportunity today to ask what this might mean for you, our member countries; and what it might mean for the Fund, your institution.

 

在处理这些转型时，我们有责任将目光放得更远，着眼于在今后二十多年里促使全球经济发生转变所需的重大变革。借此机会，我想问：这对我们的成员国意味着什么，对基金组织又意味着什么。

 

Our “constitution”—the Articles of Agreement that our founders devised nearly 70 years ago—have proven to be a feat of engineering: strong enough to stand the test of time, yet supple enough to respond to the many challenges that have faced our membership.

 

我们的“宪法”，即近70年前基金组织创立者制定的《基金组织协定》，是一项伟大的创举：它足够健全，能经受时间的考验；它也足够有弹性，能应对成员国面对的各种挑战。

 

I am reminded of a Greek proverb about how a society grows great when old people plant trees whose shade they know they shall never sit in.

 

我想到一则希腊格言，前人植树却不念荫庇，社会才会更好地发展。

 

Our founders planted the trees that shade us today. Together, we must plant the trees that will provide shade for the generations to come.

 

今天，前人栽的树为我们提供荫庇，而我们也必须一起栽下树苗，希冀为后代遮阳避雨。

 

Over the next generation, the rate and reach of change will be great. With that, the needs of our members will change. So too must the Fund.

 

在未来二十年，变革的速度可能相当快，范围可能相当广。成员国的需求会发生变化，基金组织也必须随之变革。

 

The IMF must be flexible in its approach and focused on its core goals to best serve you, our members. Flexibility, focus, service—those are our guiding principles.

 

基金组织必须采取灵活的方法，重点关注其核心目标，以便最有效地服务于你们，我们的成员国。保持灵活，突出重点，提供服务——这是我们的指导原则。

 

In that spirit, I would like to share with you my thoughts on:

i. The road we have taken;

ii. The road we are on; and

iii. The road ahead—some of the long-term trends that will shape our future.

 

本着这种精神，我要和大家分享几点想法：一、回首往昔；二、当前道路；三、展望未来——决定我们未来的一些长期趋势。

 

I. The Road We Have Taken

一、回首往昔

 

So, where have we come from? The IMF was forged from change. In the midst of the devastation of the Second World War, nations came together to find a solution for the times—and a vision for the future.

 

那那么，我们是从何处起步的？基金组织是在变革中创立的。面对二战带来的破坏，各国齐心协力找到了应对时局的解决方案，并达成对未来的愿景。

 

It was the original multilateral moment.

 

那是最初的多边时刻。

 

In the years since, the Fund’s mandate has endured: to promote global financial stability and help build a global economy in which all our members—and all people—can prosper.

 

自那以后，基金组织的使命一直是推动全球金融稳定，帮助构建一个所有成员国都能发展壮大、全人类成长进步的全球经济。

 

Time and again, this has required the IMF to respond to changes.

 

这要求基金组织不断地响应变化。

 

We began by helping Europe to rebuild after World War II. With the winds of change in Africa, and independence in many developing countries, there came a new wave of members—with a new wave of needs. In Latin America, the Fund responded to a major debt crisis. Another major financial crisis followed in Asia. When the Iron Curtain lifted, the Fund responded to another set of new members as they transformed themselves into market economies.

 

最初，我们协助欧洲进行二战后的重建。随着非洲的变革以及一些发展中国家的独立，一批新成员加入基金组织，也提出新的需求。基金组织对拉丁美洲的债务危机做出了积极应对。随后，亚洲爆发了另一次重大金融危机。当铁幕被打破时，基金组织又对新成员国的市场经济转型做出了回应。

 

Amidst all this, in the 1970s, the Bretton Woods exchange rate system itself collapsed—and the Fund adapted to support the new monetary system.

 

在此期间还发生了二十世纪七十年代布雷顿森林体系的汇率制度崩溃，基金组织进行了调整，从而支持新的货币体系。

 

We may not have always got it right, but we have always learned—mostly by listening to you, our members. And, even as we have adapted, we have always stayed true to our mission—and true to our membership.

 

我们不可能一直正确，但我们一直在努力吸取经验教训——主要是通过聆听你们，即全体成员国的意见。另外，在调整过程中，我们一直坚守着我们的使命，一直忠实于我们的成员国。

 

This proved to be an invaluable combination during the recent crisis. It is serving us well on the road we are now on.

 

最近的一次危机已经证明，这些是我们的宝贵特征。它们对于我们正在开展的事业有很多益处。

 

II. The Road We are On

二、当前道路

 

Indeed, the Great Recession generated unprecedented challenges—and the Fund responded in an unprecedented way. This was partly through the sheer scale of our financial support: we have provided more than $300 billion to help ease the burden of adjustment for our member countries in need. But that is far from the whole story.

 

大萧条给我们带来前所未有的挑战，而基金组织的应对方式也史无前例。仅从基金组织的金融支持就能看出这一点：我们提供了3000多亿美元，帮助减轻成员国的调整负担。但基金组织的努力远不止这些。

 

I think about the IMF’s early call for global fiscal stimulus—then, I was sitting where you are, now; our call for a stronger global firewall, including by increasing the Fund’s resources; and our consistent call to get the pace and mix of fiscal adjustment right. Now, as global growth dynamics are changing, it is critical that we continue to customize our advice to countries’ needs, always sensitive to the impact on growth and on people.

 

我想到了基金组织早期对全球财政刺激措施的呼吁——那时候我还坐在你们现在的位置；对加强全球防火墙的呼吁（其中包括增加基金组织资源）；以及一直以来的关于确保财政调整的适当速度和搭配的呼吁。现在，随着全球增长动态发生变化，我们必须继续根据各国的需要提供建议，并随时顾及其对增长和人们生活的影响。

 

Today, many of you are considering how to navigate the eventual exit from unconventional monetary policies in the advanced economies. Here, too, we are offering a neutral and tailored view of the challenges this may present—for all our members.

 

目前，大家都在考虑先进经济体如何最终退出非常规货币政策。在这方面，我们也针对这一过程可能带来的挑战，向所有成员国提供中立的、有针对性的分析。

 

This crisis leaves behind the legacy of too little growth and too few jobs. More of our work is focusing on reforms to promote competitiveness, and to create growth and jobs. This resonates, of course, with the first of our Articles—which embeds concern for employment in our mandate.

 

这次危机留下了增长过慢、失业过高的问题。我们越来越将侧重点放在能提升竞争力、推动增长并增加就业的改革上。这与《协定》的第一条相呼应——该条款内容将就业问题纳入基金组织的职责。

 

Another defining feature of this crisis has been its global scope—and the Fund has responded globally.

 

这次危机的另一个本质特征是它的全球性，基金组织一直在全球范围内做出应对。

 

Yes, Europe has received a lot of attention—not surprising since the Eurozone has been a focal point of the crisis. But over the past five years, we have made 150 new commitments to countries all around the globe.

 

我们的确非常关注欧洲，这并不奇怪，因为欧元区一直是危机的一个焦点。但在过去五年里，我们对遍及全球的许多国家做出了150项新的承诺。

 

This support has been delivered in new ways: zero-interest loans to help our low-income members—especially in Sub-Saharan Africa; crisis prevention insurance, including flexible credit lines for Colombia, Mexico and Poland; and capacity building and financial support for our Middle East members facing historic economic and political challenges.

 

基金组织采取多种新型方式提供支持：发放无息贷款，向低收入成员国，尤其是撒哈拉以南非洲国家提供帮助；通过灵活信贷额度等工具为哥伦比亚、墨西哥和波兰提供危机防范保险；为那些面临历史性经济和政策挑战的中东成员国提供能力建设支持和金融支持。

 

The crisis has also led us to rethink our macroeconomic analysis and to adapt our policy advice—reflecting, above all, that we operate in an increasingly interconnected world.

 

这次危机也促使我们反思宏观经济分析，并调整政策建议——毕竟，我们处在一个相互关联越来越紧密的世界。

 

This means placing even greater emphasis on spillovers—how policies in one country affect others—and doing even more to assess feedback loops and imbalances. We have pushed ahead on this over the past year, including through our Spillover Report; the pilot External Sector Report; and a new strategy for our work in the financial sector—which triggered the crisis in the first place.

 

这意味着要更加关注溢出效应——即，一个国家的政策如何对其他国家产生影响；这意味着进一步评估反馈回路和失衡。我们过去一年里在推进这方面的工作，包括《溢出效应报告》、试验性《对外部门报告》，以及我们对触发危机的金融部门的新工作战略。

 

Another innovation is what we call ‘cluster’ analysis—looking at groups of economies that have strong interlinkages or common concerns. We completed these for a group of countries in southern Africa and also for several Nordic countries.

 

另一个创新是我们所称的“群组”分析——分析具有紧密相互联系或共同问题的一组经济体。我们完成了对南部非洲的一组国家和几个北欧国家的这种分析。

 

These new ideas and approaches have infused our core business—surveillance, lending, and technical assistance—carried out by our world-class staff.

 

这些创新思维和方法贯穿于由世界顶级工作人员从事的基金组织各项核心业务——监督、贷款以及技术支持。

 

You see them when they visit your countries—for technical discussions, for Article IV discussions, for program discussions.

 

他们也往来于成员国，提供技术援助，开展第四条款措施，进行规划讨论。

 

I see them at work every day—long days, sometimes long nights as well, and many weekends. I am deeply impressed by their tireless dedication. I am very proud of them—and I hope you are proud of them too. I know that you share my appreciation for the superb people who work at the Fund.

 

我每天看到他们加班，有时甚至通宵达旦，周末也不休息。他们兢兢业业的不懈努力让我印象深刻，我为他们感到骄傲，我希望你们也为他们感到骄傲。我知道你们也与我一样感谢在基金组织工作的优秀人才。

 

Let me also express my deep gratitude to our Executive Board. Their guidance and insights have helped ensure that the IMF’s response during this crisis has been effective and timely.

 

我还想对执董会致以诚挚的谢意。是他们的指导和真知灼见确保基金组织在危机期间能作出了有效和及时的响应。

 

Our tradition of adapting, while staying focused has enabled us to better serve you, our members.

 

我们的不断调整、保持专注的传统使们能够更好地服务于你们，我们的成员国。

 

Again, flexibility, focus, service. These must remain our guideposts for the road ahead.

 

我再说一遍：保持灵活，突出重点，提供服务。在今后的道路上，我们必须继续沿着这些路标前进。