世界银行集团行长金墉在乔治·华盛顿大学的演讲（中英版）

A priority on fragile states

重点关注脆弱国家

The second example of our strategy involves our commitment to taking risks in some of the most troubled places in the world: fragile and conflict-affected states.

关于我们战略的第二个例子涉及到我们承诺在世界上问题最多的地区——脆弱和受冲突影响的国家——承担风险。

Earlier this year, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and I traveled to the Great Lakes region of Africa to support the Peace, Security, and Cooperation Framework, signed by 11 countries. The region has been in a state of war for more than two decades, and rebel groups in the eastern Congo started a new battle a few days before we arrived. Just a couple of hours before we arrived in Goma, the groups called a cease-fire. Despite the tension, crowds of people, most of them women, lined the roads from the UN base to a local hospital. They cheered our convoy.  But they also held high signs that spoke of the deep trauma they have experienced. I’ll never forget one woman’s sign. It said simply: Stop the rape. Indeed.

今年早些时候，联合国秘书长潘基文和我访问了非洲大湖地区，以表示对11个国家签署的《和平、安全和合作框架》的支持。该地区20多年来长期处于战争状态，就在我们到达前数日，刚果东部地区的叛乱组织又燃起了新的战火。在我们的飞机降落在戈马几小时前，叛乱组织宣布停火。尽管局势紧张，大批的人群——大部分是妇女——从联合国基地沿途一直排到一家本地医院，他们对我们的车队欢呼，但他们也高举着标语牌，表达他们所遭遇的深深创伤。我永远忘不了一名妇女手持的标语牌上写着：停止强奸。

We must move much more quickly, more urgently, to create peace dividends for countries emerging from years of conflict. We know that you can’t have development without peace. But too often we forget that peace won’t last without development. In the Great Lakes region, we moved quickly to amass an additional $1 billion assistance package to help the region. Shortly after our visit, the Bank’s Board approved $340 million to help finance the Rusumo Falls run of the river hydroelectric project to bring power to millions of people.

我们必须更快速、更紧迫地行动起来，为刚刚走出多年冲突战乱的国家创造和平红利。我们知道，没有和平就没有发展。但是我们常常忘记，如果没有发展，和平也难以持久。对大湖地区，我们迅速调动了10亿美元的追加援助一揽子计划，为该地区提供帮助。我们访问后不久，世行董事会批准拿出3.4亿美元资金支持鲁苏莫瀑布河水电项目，为数以百万计的人送去电力。

Today, I pledge to significantly increase our support to fragile and conflict-affected states. I hope to increase the share of IDA core financing – the Bank’s fund for the poorest – to fragile states by about 50 percent in the next three years.  IFC, our private sector arm, also will commit to increasing its support for fragile states by 50 percent over the next three years.

今天，我在这里明确承诺将大大增加对脆弱和受冲突影响国家的支持。我希望在今后三年中将国际开发协会贷款（世界银行对最穷国的基金）对脆弱国家的支持份额提高50%。我们的私营部门机构IFC也承诺在未来三年将其对脆弱国家的支持提高50％。

The challenge of climate change

气候变化的挑战

The third and final example of our strategy is directly related to our shared prosperity goal. Shared means not only making sure that those at the bottom are part of the growth process, but also that growth will not come at the expense of future generations.  We need to share the planet and its resources with our children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren, and that means we must have a bold plan to combat climate change.

我们战略的第三个也是最后一个例子直接关系到我们共享繁荣的目标。共享意味着不仅要确保那些身处底层的人成为增长过程的一部分，而且增长不能以牺牲子孙后代为代价。我们需要和我们的孩子、孙子、重孙共享地球及其资源，这意味着我们必须有一个对抗气候变化的宏伟计划。

Climate change poses a fundamental threat to development in our lifetime. It has the potential to put prosperity out of reach for millions of people.  Every region of the world will be affected, and those least able to adapt--the poor and most vulnerable--will be hit hardest.  If we want to end extreme poverty, we have to build resilient communities and mitigate shocks, like climate disasters, so that poor people can make gains in their lives--and keep those gains for the long term.

气候变化带在我们的有生之年对发展构成了根本性的威胁，有可能使亿万人无法享受繁荣。世界各个地区无一幸免，那些适应能力最差的人群 ——穷人和最脆弱的人群 ——受害最大。如果想要终结极度贫困，我们就必须建立具有韧性的社区，缓解诸如气候灾难等冲击，从而让穷人能够有所收益，并长期保持这些收益。

Tackling climate change is not an effort that governments can take on alone.  We need a response that brings together governments, private sector, civil society, and individuals, following a coordinated, ambitious plan.  We can help in many ways, but perhaps most fruitfully by highlighting the increasing costs of climate change and by mobilizing climate finance from the public and private sectors.

应对气候变化不仅是政府单方面的努力。我们需要制定一项协调的雄心勃勃的计划，联合政府、私营部门、民间团体和个人共同作出回应。我们可以从许多方面提供帮助，但也许最有成效的作法是就气候变化不断上升的成本提出警告，并动员来自公共和私营部门的气候融资。

The economic costs of extreme weather events are stunning. Coastal city flooding costs $6 billion a year today, but could reach $1 trillion a year by 2050.   Investing $50 billion a year in protection would avoid those costs, and free up $950 billion every year to invest in better schools, hospitals, and social safety nets.

极端气候事件的经济成本是惊人的。目前沿海城市每年洪灾造成的经济损失高达60亿美元，而到2050年可能达到每年近1万亿美元。每年投资$500亿美元加强防护就可以避免这些损失，省下的$9500亿美元就可以用来改善学校、医院和社会安全网。

Today, I am committing the World Bank Group to direct a greater share of our own financing toward this battle and also to work with all partners interested in working on this problem in a serious way.

今天，我承诺世界银行集团将从世行资金中拿出更大份额用来抗击气候变化，同时也将与所有愿意认真解决这个问题的各方开展合作。

Clean energy is our starting point.  We will bring together knowledge, best practice, and financial support for countries to address the high costs and policy barriers for the adoption of cleaner energy solutions. We are on track to complete renewable energy resource mapping in at least ten countries over the next three years. We will enable energy subsidy reforms in at least 12 countries and work with partners to create new business models for cooking and lighting that utilize the rapidly improving technology of microgrids. I would also like to see at least 10,000 megawatts of additional capacity installed globally with our direct support in three years -- that’s equivalent to the entire installed capacity of Peru.

清洁能源是我们的起点。我们将集中知识、最佳实践和财政支持，帮助各国解决采用清洁能源解决方案的高昂成本和政策障碍。我们正在开展工作，帮助至少10个国家在未来三年完成可再生能源资源地图绘制。我们将帮助至少12个国家开展能源补贴改革，并与合作伙伴共同创建新的商业模式，利用迅速改进的微电网技术解决做饭和照明。我也希望看到通过我们的直接支持，三年内在全球范围至少增加1万兆瓦的装机容量，这相当于秘鲁的全部装机容量。

Conclusion

结束语

We can reach our goals of ending poverty, boosting shared prosperity, and sharing that prosperity with future generations – but only if we work together with an altogether different sense of urgency. As I mentioned earlier, we must build a social movement to end poverty. That means we need help from all of you sitting here today, or watching this webcast, or hearing about it over Facebook, or in a tweet.

我们可以达到终结贫困和促进共享繁荣并与子孙后代共享繁荣的目标 ，但前提是我们要共同努力，并且要有很强的紧迫感。正如我前面提到的，我们必须开展一场终结贫困的社会运动。这就意味着我们需要帮助，需要今天在座的各位、观看网络直播的各位以及在脸书或推特上参与的各位的帮助。

Just six months ago, the board of governors for the World Bank Group laid a foundation for a social movement by endorsing our two goals and declaring that we can end extreme poverty by 2030. Now we are seeing interest from all corners. Political leaders, including President Obama and UK Prime Minister David Cameron, are calling for an end to poverty. Faith-based groups such as World Vision are calling for an end to poverty. The One campaign, Oxfam, Save the Children, RESULTS, and many other civil society groups are calling for an end to poverty. And young people are calling for an end to poverty.

短短半年前，世界银行集团理事会批准了我们的两大目标，并宣布到2030年我们能够终结极度贫困。这为开展一场社会运动打下了基础。现在我们看到各方面对此都有兴趣。政界领袖、包括美国总统奥巴马和英国首相戴维·卡梅伦都在呼吁终结贫困。世界宣明会等宗教组织也在呼吁终结贫困。统一行动、乐施会、拯救儿童基金会、RESULTS以及许多其他民间社会团体都在呼吁终结贫困。年轻人 ——像你们这些乔治·华盛顿大学 的莘莘学子—— 也在呼吁终结贫困。

Just this past weekend, 60,000 people gathered on the Great Lawn of Central Park to watch the Global Citizens Festival, which rallied around the goal of zero poverty by 2030.  I ask all of you here today – join this movement. Propel it forward. There are many things you can do – and one you can do from your seats on your smartphones right now: log on to the Global Poverty Project website -- www.zeropoverty2030.org, that’s www.zeropoverty2030.org -- and sign a petition to end poverty in a generation. Let world leaders know that this is an issue of fundamental importance to you.

在刚刚过去的这个周末，6万人聚集在中央公园的大草坪上观看全球公民节，目标就是到2030年实现零贫困。我恳请今天在座的各位加入到这场运动中来。推动这场运动向前发展。你们有很多事情可以做，有一件事你们马上就可以在座位上通过智能手机来做：登录到全球贫困项目网站：www.zeropoverty2030.org，我再重复一遍：www.zeropoverty2030.org，签署一份在一代人时间内终结贫困的呼吁书。告诉世界各国领导人，这对你来说是一个至关重要的问题。

Our goals are clear at the World Bank Group. End extreme poverty by 2030.  Boost prosperity and ensure that it is shared with the bottom 40 percent and with future generations. We have an opportunity to bend the arc of history and commit ourselves to do something that other generations have only dreamed of. At the Central Park concert, I called up my four-year-old son, Nico, to join me on stage. It was a way to make this goal tangible. When Nico is my height and a senior in college like some of you, we could hand over to him and his classmates a world free of extreme poverty.

世界银行的目标是明确的。到2030年终结极度贫困。推动繁荣，并确保底层40％的人以及子孙后代可以共享繁荣。我们面临着一个历史性机遇来完成一项前辈人梦寐以求的事业。在中央公园的演唱会上，我叫了4岁的儿子尼科一起上台，这可以使我们的目标更清晰可见——当尼科长到和我一样高时，到他像你们一样上大学四年级时，我们将交给他和他的同学们一个消除了极度贫困的世界。

This is the defining moral issue of our time.  We cannot let over a billion people suffer in extreme poverty when we have the tools and the resources to change their lives for the better. We cannot allow the bottom 40 percent of the population be denied opportunities for jobs, health, and education.  We can do better. We have to do better, for Nico, for four year olds all over the world and for all future generations.  For some problems like climate change, time is of the essence, but to quote Martin Luther King again, the time is always ripe to do right.  Now’s the time and we are the people.  Let’s make it happen.

这是我们这个时代最重大的道德问题。我们有工具和资源来改善10亿多极端贫困人口的生活，不能坐视他们饱受贫困之苦。我们不能允许底层40%的人被剥夺就业、医疗和教育机会。我们能做得更好。我们必须做得更好——为了尼科，为了世界上所有像他这么大的孩子，也为了子孙后代。对气候变化这样的问题，时间是最重要的一个因素。让我再次引用马丁·路德·金的话，“做正确的事情的时机总是成熟的。”时不我待，我们必须采取行动。让我们行动起来，将目标变为现实。

Thank you very much.

谢谢各位。