2. How
China Can Make the Most of This New World 二、中国如何最大程度地从这一新的世界中获益
Which takes me to my second
point—how can China make the most of this new world? I see three major
dimensions: “think services, think
inclusion, think green.” What do I mean?
下面我就来谈谈第二点——中国怎样最大程度地从这一新的世界中获益？我认为有三个方面：“服务、包容性、环保”。具体是什么意思呢？
(i) Think Services （一）服务
China’s current growth model has
made it the manufacturing hub for the world. But this can only take you so far.
China must now take the next step—moving further up the value-added chain with
a services sector driven by productivity and innovation. For this, a top-notch
education system and a modern, globally integrated financial system will be
key.
中国当前的增长模式使其成为世界制造中心。但经济依靠这种增长模式就只能走这么远了。中国现在必须迈出下一步——在增值链上进一步攀升，通过提高生产率和创新力来推动服务业增长。为此，构建顶尖的教育体系以及现代化、全球一体化的金融体系是关键。
Certainly, China has made
significant strides by investing in education and knowledge-based activities.
The resources allocated to research and development have been raised to 2
percent of GDP—at par with many advanced economies. China now ranks first
globally in terms of assessment in reading, mathematics and science.
当然，中国在教育和知识型活动的投资方面已经取得长足进展。研发资金已提高到占GDP 的2%，与许多先进经济体持平。在阅读、数学和科学能力评估方面，中国目前在全球排第一位。
Great progress—but to continue to
nurture innovation, these investments must be sustained and expanded. They also
need to be “internationalized”—to benefit from greater collaboration and
knowledge exchange across countries.
进展很大——但是，为了继续鼓励创新，必须维持和扩大这些投资。这些投资还需要“国际化”，从各国间的更多协作和知识交流中获益。
Innovation and enterprise also
require a modern, resilient financial sector that can bring together savers and
entrepreneurs to produce new incomes and jobs. China has vast savings and is
already home to some of the largest banks in the world. Further measures to
open up the financial system will turn domestically-oriented institutions into
global players.
创新与创业还要求有一个现代化的、具有抗冲击能力的金融部门，将储蓄者与创业者一起调动起来，创造新的收入和就业机会。中国有庞大的储蓄，有着世界最大的一些银行。采取措施进一步放开金融体系，将使那些国内业务为主的金融机构转变为全球参与者。
And as future supervisors and regulators
of this integrated financial system, you will need to ensure that these players
abide by rules that safeguard financial stability—both domestic and global.
That is a big lesson we all learned from the financial crisis.
作为这个一体化的金融体系的监管者，你们需确保这些参与者能遵守维护金融稳定的规则——不仅是国内的金融稳定，还有全球的金融稳定。这是我们从金融危机中吸取的重要教训。
(ii) Think Inclusion （二）包容性
In many parts of the world,
economic growth has come at the expense of rising inequality. China is no
exception—disparities between coastal and inland areas, rural and urban
regions, and even between the rich and poor within rural areas and cities.
在世界很多地方，经济的增长带来了不平等的加剧。中国也不例外——沿海与内陆地区、农村与城市地区之间的差距在扩大，甚至农村和城市内部的贫富差距也在扩大。
Recent IMF studies have shown
that unequal societies grow less, and when they do grow, growth is less
sustainable. Inequality also erodes the social fabric.
基金组织的近期研究显示，不平等的社会增长得较慢，即使增长，也不太能持续。不平等还会侵蚀社会结构。
Improving access to education,
health care, and financial services can be powerful forces in overcoming inequality.
The right kind of redistributive policies, such as progressive taxation and a
strong safety net, can also help.
改善教育、医疗保健和金融服务的获得渠道，是消除不平等的有力途径。合理的再分配政策，如累进性征税和强有力的安全网，也能发挥作用。
As Lao Tzu wisely said: “The most
empowering way is to inspire people so that they become able to realize their
own potential.”
老子有一句名言：“悠兮其贵言，功成事遂，百姓皆谓我自然”。就是说，最有效的办法是激励人们，让他们能够发掘自己的潜力。
What about gender inequality? By
several measures, China is virtually at par with advanced economies. At 46
percent of its labor force, China’s women are advancing at rates nearly as
strong as its overall expansion.
性别不平等呢？按几个指标衡量，中国的性别平等程度都与先进经济体相当。在中国的劳动力中，女性占46%，女性的发展与全民的发展几乎保持同步。
In Chinese companies, nearly 20%
of CEOs are women. This is compared to only 4 percent of women in the Standard
and Poor’s 500 companies. So women in China are certainly making their mark.
在中国的企业中，有近20%的首席执行官是女性。而标普500 的企业这一比例仅为4%。所以，中国女性确实成就不凡。
Yet it is important to remember
that some women are still left behind. Many women in rural China, for example,
are eking out a living while shouldering heavy domestic responsibilities. If
China is to realize its nearly boundless potential, it must remove these
obstacles.
但同时也必须记住，一些妇女仍落在后面。例如，中国农村的许多妇女一面艰难地维持生计，一面还担负着沉重的家庭责任。中国若要充分实现其巨大的潜能，就必须消除这些障碍。
I would like to call on all women
students here today to advance—and to bring along other women to succeed as
well. I would like to call on the male students to support this as well—because
it is a sound investment in your families, and your future.
我号召今天在这里的所有女学生都要继续努力——带领其他女性一起走向成功。我也要呼吁男学生为此提供支持——因为这是对你们的家庭、你们的未来的有益投资。
My main point here is that by
making growth more equitable and inclusive, it becomes more sustainable. And
more sustainable growth is good for China—and good for the world.
我在这里想说的主要一点是，提高经济增长的公平性和包容性，能让经济增长更可持续。更可持续的增长对中国有好处，对世界也有好处。
You can help guide China to a
more inclusive and more sustainable future.
你们可以引导中国走向更具包容性、更具持久性的未来。
(iii) Think Green （三）环保
China’s tremendous strides in
economic development have come with a heavy price tag—poor air quality, water
shortages, and rising desertification.
中国经济发展的巨大成就是以沉重的代价取得的——空气质量恶化、水资源短缺、沙 漠化日益严重。
By 2030, China’s cities will have
added 350 million more people—more than the entire population of the United
States today. Five million buildings will be built; 50,000 of these will be
skyscrapers—the equivalent of ten New York cities.
到2030 年，中国的城市将增加3.5 亿人——比目前美国总人口还多。500 万栋楼房将拔地而起，其中5 万栋将是摩天大楼——相当于十个纽约城。
How is all this to be managed?
中国将如何管理这一切？
The good news is that China has
taken important steps to improve its environmental footprint—from spearheading
innovation and implementation of renewable energy, to legislation to curb
polluting industries. But as those who study, live, and breathe here in Beijing
know only too well, there is still a long way to go.
好消息是，中国已采取重要步骤改善其环境发展状况——例如在可再生能源创新和实践方面的积极探索，以及颁布法律限制污染行业。但是，正如在北京学习、生活和呼吸的人们所再熟悉不过的，在这方面还有太多的工作要做。
You can help China to get there.
You can be the innovators who will find new ways to grow, while keeping your
communities’ air and water safe. You will be the business people who do not
just follow, but lead in shaping regulation and environmentally responsible
business behavior.
你们可以帮助中国实现这些目标。你们可以成为创新者——找到新的途径促进经济增长，同时保证空气和水的安全。你们可以成为新一代企业家——不仅仅是遵守规则，而且还能带头营造监管制度，鼓励对环境负责的商业行为。
As future leaders, I urge you to
be China’s “green conscience.”
你们是未来的领导者，我希望你们成为中国“环保良知”的秉持者。 |
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