香港文汇报记者：我们注意到，国家新型城镇化规划中有个核心目标，就是要努力实现一亿左右的农业转移人口和其他常住人口在城镇落户。请问怎样能够确保这一目标如期完成，户籍制度将如何改革？怎么样确保这部分的农民工享受到劳动就业、技能培训以及社会保障等公共服务？
Wen Wei
Po (Hong Kong):
We have noticed that China’s new urbanization has focused on resettling
approximately 100 million rural migrant workers and other permanent urban
residents in cities and towns. My question is, how will you guarantee the goal
can be achieved and how will you reform the household registration system? How
will you guarantee that migrant workers will be entitled to a series of public
services, including employment, technical and skills training and social
security?
黄明：感谢对户籍制度改革的关心。我给大家介绍一下户籍制度改革的进程情况。根据党的十八大和十八届三中全会关于加快户籍制度改革的部署，去年公安部和发改委以及在座的各个部委，同心协力，调查研究，在总结这些年来各地经验的基础上，研究制定了《关于进一步推进户籍制度改革的意见》文稿。在去年广泛征求了意见。12月召开了中央城镇化工作会议之后，我们根据会议的精神进行认真修改完善。今年2月中旬，国务院办公厅再次印发各部门、各地广泛征求意见，目前正在进一步修改完善，尽快报党中央、国务院审批。
Huang
Ming:
Thanks for your concern about the reform of the household registration system.
I would like to talk about the process. In line with the 18th CPC National
Congress and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the
Ministry of Public Security and the National Development and Reform Commission
collaborated with the rest of the ministries present here and drafted the “Opinions
on Further Pushing Forward Household Registration System Reform” after rounds
of investigation and deliberation on our experience. Last year, we collected
many public opinions on the paper. Then, after the Central Urbanization Work
Conference in December, we improved and modified the draft in light of the
latest guidelines. In mid-February this year, the General Office of the State
Council issued the draft to departments and the public, in order to seek more
opinions. The draft is still being revised. We will submit it to the CPC
Central Committee and the State Council for approval as soon as possible.
关于如何进行改革，由于文稿还没有正式出台，在这里我可以回答两个方面的原则意见。一是户改的政策与《规划》是配套的，改革的原则是明确的，即尊重意愿、自主选择，因地制宜、分步推进，存量优先，带动增量。改革的重点也很明确，就是以农业转移人口为重点，兼顾其他常住人口。要优先解决好进城时间长、就业能力强的人口落户的问题，要提高高校毕业生、职业技术院校毕业生、技术工人等人口的城镇落户率。
As for how to launch the reform,
I can only talk about two principles, since the draft has not yet been
officially ratified. First, the policies of the household registration system
reform are in accordance with the Plan, and the principles of the reform are
clear. We respect the people’s will and will let them make their own choices.
Different areas will be encouraged to implement the reform in light of their
local circumstances and at their own pace. We will first settle the hukou issue
for those migrant workers who have stayed in cities or towns for a very long
time and who have strong skills. In the meantime we’ll also gradually increase
the number of graduates from universities, colleges and technical schools as
well as technical workers to settle down in cities.
二是户籍改革与新型城镇化的目标是一致的，改革的措施与目标也是相适应的。我可以给大家介绍一下，最近公安部会同国家统计局，对户改的政策进行了研究预测，我们认为这个目标，包括1亿左右的人落户城镇，是符合实际的，也是切实可行的。当然，这个目标真正的实现不仅是要依靠户籍政策的调整，还要依靠城镇化建设的健康发展，尤其是加快中小城市和建制镇的建设发展，还要依靠与户籍制度相配套的相关政策，包括基本公共服务均等化的落实到位，而且要充分尊重农民群众的意愿。我就回答这些。谢谢。
Second, the reform of the
household registration system is in line with the goals of the new-type
urbanization, and the measures and goals of reform also correspond. I can tell
you that the Ministry of Public Security and the National Bureau of Statistics
have made related researches and forecasts. We believe the goal to settle about
100 million people in cities and towns is practical and in line with the
reality. However, the realization of the goal should not only rely on adjusting
household registration policies, but also on the healthy development of
urbanization, by speeding up the development of small-and-medium sized cities
and towns with a population of at least 2,500, formulating relevant policies to
guarantee the equal access to public services. What’s more, we need to fully
respect the will of the farmers. Thank you.
杨志明：谢谢对于农民工问题的关注。我国农民工现有2.69亿人，不仅为我国过去城镇化发展作出了重大贡献，还将为我国新型城镇化继续作出更大的贡献。农民工享受基本公共服务，和刚才徐主任、黄部长讲的户籍制度改革紧密相连。就你提问的劳动就业、技能培训、社会保障方面来讲，主要是要着力稳定和扩大农民工就业，着力维护农民工基本劳动权益，着力提高农民工技能素质，着力促进农民工融入企业，子女融入学校，家庭融入社区，群体融入社会。
Yang
Zhiming: Thank
you for your concern for the rural migrant workers. China has 269 million
migrant workers, who have made great contributions to our urbanization and will
do even better under the new-type urbanization. The migrant workers are
entitled to basic public services, a point that is relevant to the reform of
the household registration system that Vice Ministers Xu and Huang mentioned.
As for your question on employment, skills, technical training and social
security, we’ll focus our efforts on maintaining and increasing employment for
migrant workers, protecting their fundamental labor rights and interests,
raising their technical abilities, encouraging them to integrate into their
enterprises, helping their children to integrate into schools, their families
into communities and the whole group into society.
简要地说，在现阶段，努力做到“十有”，即进城有工作，上岗有培训，劳动有合同，报酬有保障，参保有办法，维权有渠道，住宿有改善，生活有文化，子女有教育，发展有目标。通过政府、企业、农民工共同努力，实现两个基本转变，一是使大多数农民工成长为现代产业技术工人，二是使有条件、有意愿的农民工转为新市民。这里我要给大家介绍《规划》中以专栏的形式设立了农民工职业技能提升计划，主要包括了五类培训：一是开展农民工就业技能培训，每年培训一千万人，到2020年使每个农民工都可以得到一次政府补贴的技能培训，基本消除无技能上岗的现象；二是开展在岗农民工岗位技能提升培训，到2020年前，每年培训一千万人，使大多数在岗农民工都可以由普工发展为新型技工。
To put it briefly, we need to
guarantee 10 things for migrant workers. They are: to make sure they are
employed when they move into the cities, have training before they are
employed, sign contracts before joining the workforce, get paid for their jobs,
get access to social security, know where to appeal for their rights and
interests, live in improved conditions, spend their spare time in cultural
activities, have schools for their children and set goals in their careers.
We also aim to accomplish two
fundamental transformations. We will upgrade the migrant workers into modern
technical workers and change their identities into urban dwellers so far as
they are willing, under the concerted efforts of governments, enterprises and
migrant workers. Here I would like to tell you that the plan to raise the
technical skills of migrant workers has been highlighted in the New
Urbanization Plan and divides into five categories. First, developing training
for migrant workers to get them employed. We plan to train 10 million people
each year. By 2020, each migrant worker will enjoy technical training
subsidized by the government. The aim of this is to eradicate the cases in
which migrant workers with no skills are employed. Second, we’ll develop
training for employed migrant workers to improve their work skills. By 2020, we’ll
train 10 million people to upgrade the majority of migrant workers from junior
workers to new-type technical workers.
三是开展高技能人才培训和创业培训，每年培训一百万人，主要是高级工、技师和高级技师；四是开展社区的公益性培训；五是面向农村未继续升学的初高中毕业生开展劳动预备制培训，并且对退役转业军人组织开展劳动预备制技能储备培训。
Third, we will develop training
for high-tech workers and workers who want to start their own businesses. We
will train 1 million people a year, focusing on senior workers, technical
workers and senior technicians. Fourth, we will develop charitable training in
communities. Fifth, we will develop preparatory training in labor skills for
rural middle and high school students who have not entered the next level of
their education as well as for retired soldiers or soldiers who are transferred
to civilian work.
计划中还提出，要支持建设一批富有特色的、校企合作的农民工技能培训基地起示范作用。总之，让农民工学到技术，拿到证书，找到工作，增加收入，从根本上逐步解决多年来基层的农民工缺少技能形成的就业招工“两难”的局部性矛盾，为新型城镇化提供人力资源开发的有力支撑。
According to the Plan, we will support the construction
of a number of specialized training bases for migrant workers to learn
technical skills, through cooperation between schools and enterprises. In
summary, we will enable migrant workers to learn skills, hold diplomas, find
work and earn increased salaries, so as to fundamentally solve the dilemma of
the job market, whereby demands for high skilled technicians are high but
cannot be met in some areas. We will do this to support the development of
human resources for the new-type urbanization.
因为基本公共服务包括了多个方面，解决农民工反映的强烈问题，要按照规划，因地制宜，分步推进。解决这些突出问题，我们会同有关部门，像钉钉子一样将享受基本公共服务的各项任务一锤一锤敲到实处，哪怕是爬坡过坎，也要攻坚克难，使更多的农民工通过提高技能增加收入，使更多的农民工通过在城镇落户，享受基本公共服务，即使未落户的，也要逐步享受基本公共服务。这样，为农民工和城镇居民共建共享新型城镇化，为建立城市现代文明作出不懈努力。
Because public services cover too
many areas, we need to adopt different tactics in different areas and solve the
urgent problems migrant workers face step by step. To solve these problems, we’ll
coordinate with relevant departments to hit the nail on the head and overcome
difficulties that stand in our way. We’ll help more migrant workers increase
their income by developing their skills, and enjoy fundamental public services
through settling down in cities and towns. Even for those who do not settle in
urban areas, we’ll allow them to gradually benefit from fundamental public
services. We’ll make relentless efforts in building modern cities and allow
migrant workers and urban dwellers to share the fruits of urbanization.
德国世界报记者：我有两个问题，一是关于费用的问题，我们看到中央的分析说，为了转一个户口需要6-13万块钱，你们是怎么算的？这个费用是谁来付的？第二个问题，你们刚刚开始时介绍有世界银行当顾问机构，你们都接受哪些世界银行的建议？谢谢。
Die
Welt: I
have two questions. The first is about expenses. We see from the analysis from
the central authorities that it costs between 60,000 and 130,000 yuan to
convert one person’s hukou (household registration). How did you come up with
that figure? Who is going to pay for the expenses? Second, you mention at the
beginning that the World Bank is your advisory body. What advice have you taken
from the World Bank? Thank you.
徐宪平：第一个问题请财政部副部长刘昆副部长回答。
Xu
Xianping:
Liu Kun, vice minister of Finance, will answer the first question.
刘昆：资金保障是推进城镇化的一个重要条件。在推进新型城镇化的过程中，我们在资金方面主要是通过体制上的创新等方面来解决。我们要加快财税体制和投融资机制的改革，创新金融服务，放开市场准入，逐步建立多元化可持续的资金保障机制。
Liu Kun:
Securing
funds is important for the process of urbanization, and we address it mainly by
making institutional innovations. We will speed up the reform in the financial
and taxation system and the investment and financing mechanisms, make
innovations in financial services, open up market access, and build a
diversified and sustainable financial guarantee mechanism.
在推动农业转移人口市民化方面，目前财政部已经完善了均衡性转移支付办法，在测算各地区标准财政支出时适当考虑外来人口的因素，以解决流动人口带来的迁入迁出地公共服务保障规模不相匹配的问题，我们下一步还将按照三中全会《决定》精神和《规划》的有关内容，落实好建立财政转移支付同农业转移人口市民化挂钩机制的要求，进一步完善财政转移支付制度，推动城镇社会保障、医疗卫生、教育、文化等基本公共服务均等化和全覆盖。
Regarding granting urban
residency to people from the countryside who have moved to cities, the Ministry
of Finance has improved its balanced transfer payment method, taken the
migrating population into account when estimating regional fiscal spending, in
order to resolve the discrepancy in public services between the areas that the
migrants are leaving and arriving in, which is caused by the floating
population. We will follow the principles laid out in the Decision of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues
Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform during the Third Plenary
Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the National New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020),
establish a mechanism linking fiscal transfer payments with the urbanized
agricultural population, further improve the fiscal transfer payment system,
and promote equitable and universal public services including social security,
medical treatment, education, culture and so on.
在保障城镇化建设资金方面，财政部将重点做好以下工作：一是加大地方政府债券支持城镇化建设的力度，依法赋予地方政府适度举债权限，完善现行的地方政府债券制度，探索一般债券与专项债券相结合的地方政府举债融资办法。二是推广使用政府与社会资本合作的模式，也就是PPP模式，政府通过特许经营权、合理定价、财政补贴等公开透明方式，事先明确收益成本机制，吸引社会资本参与城镇基础设施建设。三是进一步加强地方政府融资平台公司的管理，规范地方政府举债行为，厘清企业与政府的关系，正确引导市场预期，防范和化解财政金融风险。
The Ministry of Finance will
mainly deal with the following things in terms of securing capital for
urbanization: first, it will reinforce the power of local government bonds in
promoting urbanization, give more rights to local governments to issue bonds in
accordance with the law, improve the current system of local government bonds,
and explore a means of local government bond issuing that combines general and
special bonds. Second, it will promote the cooperative model of government and
social capital, or the PPP model, in which the government, by means of
franchise rights, fair pricing, fiscal subsidies and other open and transparent
measures, clarifies the benefit-cost mechanism in advance and attracts social
capital to participate in the construction of urbanization infrastructure.
Third, it will further strengthen the management of local government financing
companies, regulate the local government borrowing, sort out the relationship
between enterprises and governments, correctly guide market expectations, and
prevent and diffuse financial risks.
徐宪平：我补充一句。农业转移人口市民化成本分摊，刚才刘昆部长回答，其中由政府承担了一部分。除此之外，也有企业和农民工个人承担的一部分。比如说企业，要为农民工缴纳有关社保费用，要为农民工提升技能进行资金投入。个人要提升技能、参加社保，也要按照有关规定来缴纳相关费用。所以这个成本是由政府、企业、个人共同分担的。但其中的公共成本，主要由政府承担。
Xu
Xianping:
Let me add one thing. As Vice Minister Liu mentioned just now, the government
pays for part of the expenses incurred from the transfer of the rural
population to urban areas. Apart from that, enterprises and rural migrant
workers are also responsible. For instance, enterprises should pay for the
rural migrant workers’ social security, and invest in their skills training.
Rural workers themselves should also pay a part of the costs according to the
relevant rules and regulations. Hence, the expense is shared by governments,
enterprises and individuals. The governments are responsible for the public
cost.
您问到世界银行和亚洲开发银行在《规划》编制过程中给我们提供了哪些参考建议，主要涉及到城市的节能环保和绿色低碳，建设智慧城市以及提高城市规划建设管理水平、健全社会保障体系等方面，相关的意见建议我们都进行了研究采纳。
As to what advice the World Bank
and the Asian Development Bank gave when we drafted the Plan, they mainly
focused on energy conservation and environmental protection, building smart
cities, raising the management level of city planning and construction, improving
social security and so on. We have studied and adopted the advice. |
