世界银行集团行长金墉和国际金融公司总裁蔡金勇北京记者会实录（中英对照）

英文版：Transcript of Press Conference with World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim and .doc

中文版：世界银行集团行长金墉和国际金融公司总裁蔡金勇记者会实录.doc

Transcript of Press Conference with World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim and IFC EVP and CEO Jin-Yong Cai in Beijing

世界银行集团行长金墉和国际金融公司总裁蔡金勇北京记者会实录

 

Beijing, China

北京，中国

 

July 8, 2014

2014年7月8日

 

MR. DONNELLY: Hi, good afternoon everyone. Thank you for coming on a late afternoon, I appreciate it very much. My name is John Donnelly, I’m the Communications Advisor for World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim. President Kim and Jin-Yong Cai, who is the CEO and the Vice President of the International Finance Corporation, will be here for your questions. We’ll start with President Kim - will have an opening statement and then we’ll take questions. Thank you.

 

主持人：大家下午好，非常欢迎大家在今天下午这么晚的时候来参加我们的记者招待会，我是John Donnelly，我是我们世界银行行长的媒体顾问，今天在主席台就座的有金墉行长和蔡金勇先生，蔡金勇先生是国际金融公司的首席执行官和执行副总裁，他们两位在这儿会回答各位的提问，在这之前我们首先请金墉行长做一个开场白。

 

DR. KIM: Thank you very much, thank you for coming. I’d like to thank, once again, the Chinese people and Chinese leaders for the very warm welcome that they’ve extended to me. My trip reminds me of our common commitment to ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity.

 

金墉：非常感谢大家，大家下午好，首先我想对中国人民和中国领导人给予我的热情接待再次表示感谢。此次中国之行使我想起了我们拥有消除贫困和建立共享繁荣的共同的理想。

 

We all know that China lifted half a billion out of poverty in the last 30 years, an incredible feat fueled by record economic growth and rapid urbanization. The urbanization sent 260 million rural migrants into the cities.

 

众所周知，中国在过去30年里帮助5亿人摆脱贫困，推动这一惊人壮举的是空前的经济增长和快速的城镇化进程。城镇化的发展使中国有2.6亿农民从农村走向了城市。

 

The World Bank Group is committed to building on more than three decades of a strong and successful partnership with China. In recent years we’ve completed two landmark joint studies, China 2030 and the Urban China Report. They called for major reforms on everything from the financial sector to the environment, land sales and the hukou system. China’s moving ahead on many of these.

 

世界银行决心与中国在30年密切合作和成功的伙伴关系基础之上，继续再接再厉。近年来，我们与中方共同完成了《2030年的中国》和《中国城镇化发展》的两大标志性的联合研究报告，这两份报告建议在金融、环境、土地流转、户籍制度等多项领域开展全面的改革。而中国正在朝着这些方向推行各项的改革。

 

I just finished my meetings with President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang and Vice Premier Liu Yandong and many other senior officials. We’ve agreed to launch a third major study, this time looking at China’s health sector reform.

 

我今天刚刚会晤了习近平主席、李克强总理、刘延东副总理，以及其他政府高级官员，我们达成了一个共识，就是启动第三项重要的课题研究，这次研究主要针对中国医疗卫生领域的改革。

 

It’s clear to me that as China gets wealthier it’s also determined to get healthier. The health sector is growing faster than the overall economy. How this growth is managed will have a tremendous impact on China’s economy.

 

显而易见，随着中国逐渐的富裕起来，中国也在努力地使人民的身体更加健康，医疗卫生部门的发展速度快于经济的整体发展速度，能否管理好医疗卫生部门对中国经济将产生巨大的影响。

 

We’ll do the study in collaboration with the Ministry of Finance and the National Health and Family Planning Commission and with the World Health Organization. We hope that the study will help China accelerate its efforts to provide affordable, quality care, especially for its aging population and the rising middle-class facing chronic diseases.

 

我们将与中国国家财政部、卫计委、财政部以及世界卫生组织合作开展此项研究，我们希望这项研究有助于中国加快努力使逐渐步入老龄化的人口和为面临慢病威胁的新兴中产阶级提供可以负担的、优质的医疗卫生服务。

 

With urbanization, longer life expectancy, a more sedentary lifestyle, air pollution and more processed food, people are more prone to various diseases, especially diabetes, hypertension and other chronic diseases.

 

随着城镇化进程的发展，预期寿命的延长，以及人民久坐式的生活方式，空气污染的加重，加工食品的增多，人们越来越容易患各种疾病，特别是糖尿病、高血压和其他慢性病。

 

These chronic conditions now account for a staggering 80 per cent of the overall disease burden. More than 200 million patients suffer from hypertension and more than 90 million from diabetes.

 

这些慢性病目前在中国的整体疾病负担中占比高达80%，高血压患者超过2亿人，糖尿病患者超过9千多万。

 

Many of the challenges facing China today are similar to those faced by high income countries for decades, non-communicable diseases, aging, rising citizen demand and expectations and unsatisfactory quality. China has an opportunity to leapfrog decades of bad practice by developing a new model of healthcare delivery and implementing them at scale. In particular, China can move to a people-centered approach, providing more health care for the money while tapping emerging information, communication and medical technologies.

 

中国今天面临的许多挑战，与高收入国家几十年来面临的挑战非常相似，慢性病、老年化、国民需求期望上升，而质量又不能够令人满意，中国通过建立新型的医疗服务提供模式，并扩大规模加以实施，有机会改变过去数十年的不良做法，实现跨越式发展。特别是中国可以本着以人为本的理念，利用新兴的信息通讯技术和医疗技术，提供物有所值的医疗保健服务。

 

My discussions this morning with the vice ministers from both ministries, WHO Director-General, Margaret Chan and others, marked the start of a search for bold, sustainable options for health sector reforms, including in the private sector.

 

我今天早上和财政部以及卫计委两位副部长、世卫组织总干事陈冯富珍以及其他的专家进行了这方面的讨论，这标志着我们已经开始探索医疗卫生部门改革的大胆的可持续的选择方式，也包括私营部门的参与。

 

Our study will draw on the best global knowledge and Chinese experience to offer practical solutions to help China strengthen its performance in health service delivery, at the lowest possible cost, while improving the health of all its citizens.

 

我们的研究将借鉴全球最佳知识和中国本土的经验，提供实用的解决方案，帮助中国以尽可能低的成本加强医疗保健服务提供的绩效，提高全体国民的健康水平。

 

If China is as successful in this process as we think they can be, we believe its healthcare reform can become a model for many other countries.

 

中国如果能够做好这件事，我们相信中国的医疗改革可以成为其他也在努力解决同样问题的国家的一个良好的典范。

 

This will not only benefit China’s 1.3 billion people. The entire world will benefit.

 

这不仅仅是中国13亿人口的成功，全世界也将从中受益。

 

Thank you and I’m now happy to take your questions.

 

谢谢各位。现在我愿意接受大家的提问。

 

MR. DONNELLY: Okay thank you. I’ll take questions now. Just please identify yourself and your organization. Thanks.

 

主持人：谢谢。请大家提问前介绍一下自己的名字和来自哪家媒体。

 

QUESTION: Dr. Kim, my name is Tom Mitchell with the Financial Times. It seems everybody wants their own development bank these days. The BRICS Bank is about to launch - there are also discussions to double the capital base of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Do you welcome these new entrants? Do you see them as a threat? How will it change how the World Bank operates?

 

记者：我是金融时报的记者Tom Mitchell。现在大家似乎都希望建立自己的开发银行，比如即将开业的金砖银行，还有大家广泛讨论的加大亚洲基础设施投资银行的资本基础。您欢迎这些新机构吗？您认为它们对于世界银行来讲是一种威胁吗？它们会对世界银行的运作带来哪些变化？

 

DR. KIM:  Any estimate of the infrastructure needs in developing countries starts at about $1 trillion a year.  So we did about $60 billion of business last year, and if you add up all the private sector investments, northwards of $150 billion a year.  All of the investments that are currently existing will not reach the need that exists currently in developing countries, so we welcome any new organizations, any countries, the BRICS Bank, AIIB.  We think that the need for new investments in infrastructure is massive and we think that we can work very well and cooperatively with any of these new banks once they become a reality.

 

金墉：实际上根据任何口径的估计，发展中国家每年基础设施投资方面的需求至少是一万亿美元以上，去年世界银行在这方面的贷款规模达到600亿美元，如果加上私营部门和其他渠道的资金的话，每年在1500亿美元以上。所有这些现有的投资加在一起也不能够满足目前发展中国家的需求，因此我们欢迎任何新机构、任何新国家的加入，包括金砖银行，也包括亚洲基础设施投资银行。我们认为基础设施领域新增需求的规模是巨大的，我们认为这些新银行一旦成为，我们能够和他们很好地配合和合作。

 

In fact we have been going through a reform process at the World Bank Group over the past year, precisely because we knew that there would be new entrants in the business.  We feel that our advantage is that we have 70 years of experience and we have the best technical knowledge, knowledge not just of papers and evidence and data, but we have experience of putting together actual solutions to problems.  So we’re now prepared with our global practices and cross-cutting solutions areas to work very closely with the BRICS Bank or the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and provide them with the kind of knowledge and solutions that would help them be more effective in building infrastructure in developing countries.

 

实际上，一年来世界银行也在开展内部改革，因为我们知道在这个领域会有新的机构加入。我们感到我们的优势是我们拥有70年的经验，我们有最好的技术知识，不仅是书本知识，还有实证和数据。我们拥有针对具体问题提供实际解决方案的经验。所以我们在这方面做好了准备，我们成立了全球发展实践局和跨领域的专业部门，可以和金砖银行、亚洲基础设施投资银行密切配合，为他们提供相应的知识和解决方案，帮助他们在发展中国家的基础设施建设中发挥更有效的作用

 

So for us, our competition is poverty, our enemy is lack of economic growth.  Another enemy is a growth that’s not inclusive.  So as long as we’re clear on what we’re doing and what we’re battling, we have actually no choice but to welcome any new entrants, because every new entrant will help us battle poverty and help us to share prosperity.

 

对于我们大家而言，我们的竞争对手是贫困，我们的敌人是缺乏经济增长。另一个敌人是经济增长不具有包容性。我们把清楚我们所做的事情，清楚我们的敌人是谁，我们实际上别无选择，只能欢迎任何新加入的机构，因为每个新加入的机构都有助于我们战胜贫困，有助于我们共享繁荣。

 

MR. DONNELLY: Another question at the back.

 

QUESTION: Sun Yan, with CCTV. There are now different discussions about the slowdown of the Chinese economy. What is your opinion on it?  Do you worry about that?  What do you think of Chinese economy’s performance in the first half of the year?  Thank you very much.

 

记者：我是来自中央电视台的记者孙艳，现在大家讨论比较多的是中国经济增长速度放慢的问题，您有什么看法？您对此感到担心吗，你对中国经济在上半年的表现做何评价？

 

DR. KIM: We work very closely with the Chinese Government on the China 2030 report.  In that China 2030 report were all the seeds of the reform process that’s happening today.  China made a decision that they were going to go through a process where growth would move away from investment to consumption, domestic consumption, and that instead of focusing so much on exports, that there would be other ways of growing the economy.  So when you’re making that kind of shift, when you’re making the kinds of changes that the Chinese Government is going through, it should not surprise anybody that growth has slowed down.  So our estimate this year to be 7.6 per cent, next year around 7.5 per cent and it will continue at that level.

 

金墉：我们与中国政府密切合作完成了《2030年的中国》课题研究报告。在《2030年的中国》这份研究报告中，我们提出了大量改革建议，这些改革建议目前正在付诸实施。

 

中国政府所作出的决定是从投资拉动转变为消费、即国内消费拉动经济增长，同时也转变过去过于依赖出口，转向通过其他方式促进经济增长。所以中国是在进行经济转型，在中国政府进行这样的转型过程当中，经济增长出现放缓并不是出人意料的。我们的预测是今年中国经济增长7.6%左右，明年增长7.5%左右，这种增长速度将会继续下去。

 

Now one of the decisions that the Chinese leadership made is that they’re going for a more sustainable, higher quality growth and they’re on that trajectory right now.  In fact we’re very encouraged by the fact that despite the lower growth rates, the Chinese Government has continued on the path of these reforms.  We encourage them to keep going down the path of those reforms.

 

中国领导人作出的决定之一是力争实现经济更可持续、更高质量的增长，目前中国正在朝着这个方向来努力。实际上，我们看到，尽管经济增长速度有所放慢，但是中国继续坚持走在改革之路上，这一点是令人鼓舞的。

 

Are there other things that need to be done?  Absolutely and in my meetings with leaders, including the Minister of Finance and the Governor of Central Bank, they are very much aware of the need for these kinds of reforms.  So they’re all balancing very carefully the need to maintain as high a growth as they can while at the same time committing to the reforms.  The growth of China in the medium and long term is critical for the global economy and to be able to sustain high quality growth in China, they’re going to need to stick to the reform agenda.  So far so good, that’s exactly what they’re doing.

 

是否还有其他事情需要做？回答是绝对的。在我跟中国领导人、包括跟财政部长、央行行长的会见中，他们都非常了解这种必要性。所以，他们非常小心地保持平衡：一方面尽可能保持经济高速增长，另一方面致力于推进改革。中国经济的中长期增长对于全球经济具有非常重要的影响，而为了能够保持中国经济的高质量增长，需要坚持改革议程。截至目前一切都好，这正是他们所做的。

 

MR. DONNELLY: at the front.

 

QUESTION: I’m from China Business News.  I have a question on the upcoming China-US strategic dialogue.  People are talking about the results coming from this dialogue.  Some people say that the best they can hope coming out of this dialogue is that there is no deterioration of the relationship between China and the US.  What kind of expectation do you have from this bilateral dialogue? What kind of topics are you most interested, and in your view, the outcomes of this dialogue, what kind of political or economic impact it will have on China and US and other countries?

 

记者：我是第一财经日报记者，中美战略和经济对话即将开始，现在很多评论认为只要这个结果没有使得中美两国的关系更加恶化，就已经是最好的结果了。我想知道金行长对哪个方面的议题最感兴趣，对于结果有什么期待？同时如果有了这样的结果，对双方的政治、经济以及世界其他地区有什么影响？

 

DR. KIM: Thank you for that question.  We feel that it’s always critical for representatives for high-ranking leaders in the two largest economies in the world to continue to have conversations.  We don’t know the agenda so we don’t quite know what to expect, but there are many areas where there is overlapping interest and concern.  For example, most people don’t understand that China and the United States have both made dramatic commitments to battling climate change, to reducing their carbon footprint, and I know that those talks are underway.

 

金墉：谢谢你提的这个问题。我们认为世界上两个最大的经济体的高层官员保持对话始终是至关重要的。我们不知道议程安排，所以也不知道可以期待什么样的结果。但是有很多利于存在利益的重叠和共同关心的问题，比如说很多人不了解中国和美国都做出重要承诺，应对气候变化，减少碳足迹，据我所知这方面的讨论仍在继续进行当中。

 

The leadership of these two countries combined could have a huge impact on the battle against climate change.  Also there are simply so many areas of joint interest, trade, for example, and the stability and peace in East Asia.  My guess is that all of those issues will be on the agenda.  Knowing all the principles now that will be in this meeting, I think that there are many, many foundations for these two countries to build a closer, more effective working relationship and I hope that’s the result of this meeting.

 

两国领导层联手，可以对应对气候变化产生巨大的影响。 而且在很多领域两国都有共同利益是，比如说在贸易领域，在东亚地区的和平稳定方面等等。我的猜测是所有这些议题都在议程上。了解了会谈中的这些原则，我觉得这两个国家存在诸多基础来建立更加密切和有效的工作关系。

 

QUESTION: Thank you.  I am from the international engineering magazine under the Ministry of Commerce.  We understand that the World Bank is promoting innovation on the financing side.  In this regard do you have any income plan to encourage private sector participation in infrastructure development?  If so, do you have any specific country focus or are there any areas that you focus particularly on?  Do you have any plans in China?

 

记者：谢谢，我是来自国家商务部主管的国际工程杂志，我想请问行长先生，正在进行融资方面创新的世行将如何加强支持私营部门参加各国的基础设施投资与建设，有无重点的国别市场和或者是重点的投资领域，和中国的合作方面有没有具体的措施？

 

蔡金勇：我代表金墉行长回答这个问题，应该说全球基础设施的投资需求是非常巨大的，就像刚才金墉行长所谈到的，而且全球我们看到也有很多的资本，有很多的需求，但是为什么我们看到这些资本没有流向真正需要的地方呢？一方面是人们认为新建的这些基础设施确实存在着一些风险，世界银行作为一个多边的金融机构发展援助机构，不仅仅是提供资金方面的支持，我们另外的责任是动员其他渠道的资金，比如私营部门的资金来降低风险，降低这些交易的风险。在这个方面，我们是发挥着非常关键的一个作用。比如说在推动资金方面的合作伙伴关系的创新，怎么样能够降低风险的程度，使这些投资和这些资本能够流向需要的地方。

 

世界银行集团还有多种工具能够满足这方面的需求，比如说国际复兴开发银行我们有部分风险担保的相关机制和工具。我们另外还有多边投资担保机构，主要是提供政治风险担保的。国际金融公司我们有股权和风险担保的一些机制，所以在这方面可以发挥关键的作用。我们倒没有说具体关注某一个领域，哪里有需求，哪里私营部门投资感兴趣，我们就会出现在哪里。比如说在非洲，在南亚，拉美地区等等。

 

Jin-Yong Cai: I will answer this question on behalf of Dr. Kim.  The need for global infrastructure as Mr. Kim has said is huge, and there is a lot of capital out there.  There are lots of need to to get this infrastructure built.  The reason the capital has not gone to the places where the need is really a perception and also in reality the real risk in building up this infrastructure.  So World Bank as the leading multilateral institution, we have been finding different ways to try to help not only finance from our own balance sheets and also to mobilize from private sector by de-risking those transactions.  Thus we view ourselves as the key player in making that happen.

 

The key is to find a way.  Innovation through financing partnership to really connect the dots and to de-risk those infrastructure projects so investor capital can flow into those areas.  There are multiple tools in the bank.  In the IBRD we have this product called the partial risk guarantee to provide the risk mitigation.  There’s a part of the World Bank called the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, MIGA, provides political guarantee for private capital.  IFC, we have equity, we have risk guarantee, we have a variety of tools to help in de-risk those projects.

 

That’s what we view as our key role.  We don’t have - really, there’s not particular focus area, wherever we feel there is a need for infrastructure and there is interest from private sector, we want to be there to be the partner, many in Africa, in South Asia, in Latin America, in many parts of the world.

 

MR. DONNELLY: Okay.  We have time for one more question. Take in the far back there.

 

QUESTION: President Dr Kim.  I am Martina Fuchs from CCTV News.  Thank you for your time.  In the latest economic update the World Bank for China said that growth is slowing down and is becoming more volatile.  I was wondering how this is impacting the rural-urban gap issue and what kind of policy actions you are recommending to the Government to take to fight the poverty and also the widening gap between rich and poor?

 

记者：我是来自中央电视台的记者Martina Fuchs。在世界银行最新发布的一个关于中国经济的简报当中，预测中国经济的增长速度将放慢，而且会出现一些波动，这在多大程度上会影响城乡差距的问题，世行准备提出什么样的政策建议，希望政府采取什么样的措施来解决贫困的问题，尤其是缩小城乡差距？

 

DR. KIM: If you look at the study we just completed, the Urbanization Report and then you look at the study that we’ve just been asked to do, healthcare, in both of those areas a primary concern is to address this rural urban gap.  So in the urbanization study we talked about many different issues but one of them was reform of the hukou system so that migrants will have access to services when they come to the cities.  We also talked about land reform in the sense that giving more rights to small farmers in the rural areas so that they’re more encouraged to keep their land.

 

金墉：如果您看一看我们刚刚完成的关于中国城镇化的研究，再看一看政府要求我们做的下一个研究——医药卫生体制改革。在这两个领域，主要关注的问题就是解决城乡差距的问题。在城镇化的研究中，我们涉及到了很多议题，其中一个是户籍制度的改革，让农村流动人口来到城市以后能够享受城市的公共服务。我们也涉及到土地制度的改革，让农村的小农户拥有更多的土地权益，鼓励他们保留土地。

 

In addition, the report looks at ways of helping cities finance themselves through taxes and other ways so that they’re not so inclined to sell farmland and have urbanization that is really a sprawl situation.  In healthcare again the primary concern is how you equalize access to quality service between the rural and the urban dwellers.  I’ve already made my statement about the growth rate that this is something that one would expect when you’re going through a reform process.

 

此外，报告也研究了如何通过税收及其他方式解决城市融资问题，从而减少土地财政和城市蔓延现象。在医疗卫生领域，一个主要问题是让农村和城市居民都能够公平地享有优质的医疗卫生服务。我刚才已谈到经济增长速度问题，经济增长放缓是在改革过程中预期的结果。

 

On the other hand, I think in both of these studies I’ve been very impressed by the commitment of the Government in addressing those very issues.  We hope we can help with that, both with the current study on urbanization and also the future one in healthcare.

 

另一方面，我认为在这些研究中，令我印象深刻的是中国政府解决这些问题的决心。我们希望我们刚刚完成的城镇化报告和未来要做的医疗卫生体制改革报告，能够对此有所帮助。

 

蔡金勇：我想补充一点，在解决收入不平等的问题，其中非常重要的一个方法就是创造就业机会，要创造良好的就业机会需要多种干预措施，比如说其中之一就是我们也在帮助中国更好地发展资本市场，为中小企业提供更好的融资机会，为那些能够带来新的就业机会的公司和企业提供获得资金的渠道，我们在这个方面开展了很多的项目，这些项目一旦公开以后希望能够在这些领域同中国政府展开更加密切的合作。

 

Jin-Yong Cai: If I may just add one point, to address the income inequality, the best way is to create jobs, and creating good jobs require multiple interventions.  One area the World Bank Group has been very actively involved is to help to develop the capital markets which can finance small and medium enterprises and to allow the new job creation companies to have access to finance.  So we have multiple transactions in this area.  I think going forward, once those projects become public, you are going to see we have many areas working closely with the Chinese counterparts.

 

MR. DONNELLY: Thank you very much for coming.  If you would like copies of the statement at the beginning, we have copies available for you.  Thank you.