李克强总理答中外记者问（中英对照）

中文版：在十二届全国人大三次会议记者会上李克强总理答中外记者问.doc 

英文版：Premier Li Keqiang Meets the Press.doc

李克强总理答记者问

Premier Li Keqiang Meets the Press

 

2015年3月15日上午，十二届全国人大三次会议在人民大会堂举行记者会，国务院总理李克强应大会发言人傅莹的邀请会见中外记者，并回答记者提问。

 

The Third Session of the 12th National People’s Congress held a press conference at the Great Hall of the People on the morning of 15th March 2015. Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council met with Chinese and foreign press and answered questions at invitation of spokeswoman of the NPC session Fu Ying.

 

记者会开始时，李克强说，媒体界的各位朋友，女士们、先生们，在中国两会召开期间，你们做了大量工作，很辛苦。两会现在结束了，但你们的工作还不能结束，今天又是星期天，也不能休息，向你们表示衷心感谢！我愿意在这个场合回答大家的提问。

 

At the start of the press conference, Premier Li Keqiang said: Friends from the press, ladies and gentlemen, you have made tremendous efforts to cover the NPC and CPPCC sessions. The two sessions have come to a close, but your work has not. Today is Sunday yet you cannot take the day off. I want to use this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to you all. Now I would be happy to answer your questions.

 

英国金融时报记者：去年中国的房地产市场一直在下滑，所以很多中国人都到海外去买房子。现在中国公民已经是纽约、悉尼、伦敦等地最大的海外顾客群体了，当地房价随之被明显抬高。也有一些人开始质疑从中国涌入当地市场资金的合法性。请问总理，中国政府会担心由此引发海外市场的强烈反应吗？今年政府是否会出台新政策来促进国内房地产市场？

 

Financial Times: Last year, China’s real estate market has been in decline. This has prompted a large number of Chinese to start buying homes overseas. Currently, Chinese customers have become the largest group of home-buyers in New York, Sydney and London. And this has significantly driven up local home prices. Some people have called into question the legitimacy of the money spent there. Are you concerned about a backlash to such massive home-buying by the Chinese overseas? And will the Chinese government introduce new policy measures to boost the domestic real estate market this year?

 

李克强：中国正在逐步推进人民币资本项下的可兑换，这本身也表明，我们在推进资本市场的开放。但是你说有大量中国人到海外购房，而且成了某些热点城市的最大购买群体，这可能还需要做评估，我没有这方面确切的消息。我所了解到的是，去年是中国吸引外资力度最大的一年，进入中国的外资达到近1200亿美元。同时，我们也愿意看到中国企业“走出去”，中国公民到国外去创业，当然，既要遵守中国有关法律的规定，也要遵守当地的法律。

 

Li Keqiang: China is working towards full convertibility of renminbi under capital accounts. This shows that China is taking further steps to open up its capital market. You talked about the phenomenon of a large number of Chinese buying homes overseas and said that they have become the largest home-buyers in a number of international metropolises. I suppose more evaluation needs to be done here as to whether that is true. And I’m not in possession of solid information about this. But what I know is that China is still the largest destination of foreign direct investment. And the number last year was 120 billion US dollars. At the same time, the Chinese government will continue to encourage Chinese companies and nationals to make investment and do business overseas. And in doing so, they need to abide by China’s relevant laws and the laws of host countries.

 

你是一位外国人，中文说得这么流利，不知道有没有在中国买房？当然，我们是欢迎的。中国还是一个发展中国家，住房既是经济问题，更是民生问题。中国政府要做的，就是要为低收入住房困难群体提供住房保障。今年，我们在改造棚户区、城市和农村危房方面还要加大力度，分别增加110万、100万套。中国政府有保障群众基本居住条件的责任。

 

You have a Westerner’s face, but you speak Chinese so well. I wonder if you have bought home in China. You are welcome to do so. China is still a large developing country. Housing is not just an economic issue, but also one that concerns people’s livelihood. The Chinese government needs to help the low-income people resolve housing difficulty. The government will take more steps to rebuild urban rundown areas and dilapidated homes in urban and rural areas. And the plan this year is an additional one million units each. It is the government’s responsibility to meet the people’s basic housing needs.

 

房地产市场有其自身的规律。中国国土面积辽阔，有特大城市、中小城市和小城镇，情况各异，所以我们要求强化地方政府合理调控房地产市场的责任，因地制宜，分城施策。中国城镇化进程还在加快，房地产市场的需求是刚性的。我们支持居民自住性住房和改善性住房需求，促进房地产市场长期平稳健康发展。

 

The real estate market is governed by its own laws. China is such a large country. There are mega cities, medium- and small-sized cities as well as small townships in this big country. Conditions of these different cities and townships vary significantly from one to another. Hence, the central government has required that local governments fulfill their responsibility to exercise appropriate regulation of real estate markets. Differentiated policies will be adopted in the light of local conditions. At the same time, urbanization is still picking up speed in China. Hence the housing demand in China is here to stay. We also encourage Chinese people to buy homes for personal use or improved living conditions. We hope to see steady and sound growth of the real estate market in the long run.

 

《新京报》记者：我们注意到，您最近在多个场合力挺电子商务和快递等新业态，我很想知道您个人从网上买过东西吗？如果买过，最近买的是什么？另外，有人认为网购会冲击实体店，对此您怎么看？

 

Beijing News: Mr. Premier, on many occasions, you have expressed your strong support for new forms of business, like e-commerce and express delivery service. So I’m very curious. Have you ever shopped online? And, what did you buy? Some people are worried that online shopping will adversely affect physical stores. What is your view about this?

 

李克强：在场的各位可能都有过网购的经历，我也不例外，也网购过，最近还买过几本书，书名我就不便说了，避免有做广告之嫌。但是我很愿意为网购、快递和电子商务等新业态做广告。因为它极大地带动了就业、创造了就业岗位，而且刺激了消费，人们在网上消费往往热情比较高。

 

Li Keqiang: I suppose that each and every one of you here has had experience of shopping online. And I’m no exception. Yes, I have bought things on the Internet. Actually, I bought a few books recently. As for what books, I don’t think it will be a good idea for me to spell them out here. No advertisement. Having said that, I would be happy to advertise for those new forms of business like online shopping, express delivery services and e-commerce, because these new forms of business give a strong boost to employment and consumption. And people seem to get quite excited when they shop online.

 

至于网购是否会冲击实体店，我听到过这样的议论，开始也难免会有担心。但是，我曾经到一个网店集中的村庄去看过，那里800户人家开了2000多家网店，可见创业的空间有多大。同时，我又到了附近一个实体店集中的市场，我问他们有没有担心？实体店的老板给我看，他也开了网店，而且把自己实体店的状况拍成视频上网，他说这对购物者来说更有真实感，更有竞争力。可见，网上网下互动创造的是活力，是更大的空间。

 

I am aware of the worry that online shopping will adversely affect physical stores. It was only natural to have such worry at the beginning. But I recall a field trip that I paid to a local village in China. It’s a village home to about 800 families who have opened some 2,000 shops on the Internet. One can well imagine how vast the space for business entrepreneurship there is. And after that I went to a close-by place where there’s a large number of physical stores. And I asked one of the shop-owners that if he was concerned about any adverse effect from online shopping. The owner showed me that he has also opened an online shop and even uploaded a video of his physical shop online to show that the store is real and competitive. Such sound interaction between online and offline has only boosted the vitality of market.

 

这使我想起最近互联网上流行的一个词叫“风口”，我想站在“互联网+”的风口上顺势而为，会使中国经济飞起来。

 

To borrow a popular idea on the Internet that everyone stands a chance to fly when there is a favorable wind blowing from behind, I believe with the tailwinds generated by our “Internet+” strategy, we will be able to get the Chinese economy off to a higher level.

 

我也想到，今天是“3·15”消费者权益日，不管是网上店还是网下的实体店，都要讲究诚信，保证质量，维护消费者的合法权益。

 

Today, March 15th, is the day for protecting the rights and interests of consumers. I hope all stores, be it online or offline, will do honest business, put quality of products before everything else and protect the rights and interests of all consumers.

 

美国彭博新闻社记者：您多次提过需要有壮士断腕的决心来进行改革，您也说过这个过程可能会很疼。在中国经济放缓的今天，您会继续保持这样的决心吗？您认为中国经济会不会继续放缓？未来会不会更疼？

 

Bloomberg News: You once said that the government needs to show utmost determination in reforming itself and this process could be a quite painful one. As the Chinese economy comes under increased downward pressure, do you still have as firm determination as before to carry out this reform, and will the Chinese economy continue to slide? Is more pain to come in the future?

 

李克强：你问到疼，确实很疼，而且在加深，面还会扩大。因为简政放权是政府的自我革命，削权是要触动利益的，它不是剪指甲，是割腕，忍痛也得下刀。

 

Li Keqiang: You asked about the pain caused by the government’s self-imposed reform to streamline administration and delegate powers. Let me tell you that the pain is still there. Actually the pain is becoming more acute and is being felt in more places. This is a reform targeted at the government itself. As the government sheds its own powers, vested interests will be upset. This is not nail-clipping, but taking knife to one’s own flesh. But however painful it may be, we are determined to keep going until our job is done.

 

简政放权有利于厘清政府和市场的关系，激发市场活力，也可以用它去顶住经济下行的压力。去年我国经济增速放缓，但是就业不减反增，简政放权起了很重要的支撑作用。

 

The reform of streamlining administration and delegating government powers helps us get the relationship right between the government and the market. It helps boost market vitality, and puts us in a stronger position to cope with downward pressures on economic growth. Last year, in spite of economic slowdown, we managed to add more urban jobs. Much is attributable to this reform.

 

本届政府两年内下很大力气完成了当初提出的五年内砍掉三分之一行政审批事项的目标，其中有的是取消，有的是下放。我们推进商事制度改革后，每天就有上万家企业登记，比上年增加了近50%。可见，活力来自民间，而简政放权的减法可以为应对经济放缓产生支撑的力量。

 

We have completed the five-year task of canceling and delegating State Council review items by one third within just two years. With the reform of the business system, on average, up to 10,000 new businesses get registered each day, an increase of 50%. This fully shows that our people represents the largest source of vitality for economic growth, and this reform, by reducing the powers held in the hands of the government, has actually helped us to tackle the downward pressures on economic growth.

 

当然，在这方面还有很多不落实的情况存在，推进中还发现了一些新的问题。前两天，我看到两会上有提案说，原来批个项目要一百多个章，虽然现在审批砍了一些，但还有五六十道关卡，还会增加创业的成本、抑制创造的热情。所以，我们必须继续下更大力气来推进简政放权。

 

We also recognize that some measures have yet to be fully implemented, and new problems have surfaced. A couple of days ago, I came across a proposal during the two sessions which said that although government review items have been slashed, to get one project approved, which needed up to 100 stamps from different government departments, still requires some 50 to 60 steps nowadays. The long procedures have driven up the cost of business start-up and dampened people’s enthusiasm for making innovations. That is why the government must step up its efforts to streamline administration and delegate more powers.

 

今年政府要有新作为，重点要抓三个方面的工作：一是全面取消非行政许可，不能法外施权。另外，国家部门授权地方政府审批的事项还有1200多项，今年要砍掉200多项。不能像开车一样，松了手刹，还踩着脚刹，明放暗不放。二是要推进权力清单、责任清单，今年是在省一级公布，明年推向市县一级，晾晒清单，让社会监督，也让老百姓明白，权力不能滥用。三是要探索事中事后监管的新模式，包括扩大综合执法试点，对假冒伪劣、坑蒙拐骗、食品安全方面以及侵犯知识产权等行为要有有效的监管方式。

 

New steps will be taken this year and our focus is on the following three areas. First, all non-governmental review items will be canceled. We must ensure that government power will not be exercised when it is not stipulated by the law. There are currently over 1,200 review items at the local governments’ level, mandated by the central governmental departments. Our goal is to cut this number by over 200 this year. The government must not secretly hold on to powers that should be delegated, just like releasing the hand brake but still keeping the foot brake on. Second, all provincial-level governments will be required to release their list of powers and list of responsibilities this year. And this task will be assigned to governments in cities and city-level counties next year. We must keep our people well-informed of what powers their governments hold and put government power under public oversight to prevent the abuse of office. And third, we will explore new models for strengthening ongoing and ex-post regulation. We will expand the trials for integrated law-enforcement and we will establish effective models for exercising regulation over such acts as cheating and swindling of marketplace, violating intellectual property rights, making and selling fake and substandard goods, and cases involving food safety.

 

人们不是常说，穿鞋要合脚，施政也要利民惠民。

 

Just as shoes must suit the feet, our administration must meet people’s needs and deliver real benefits.

 

中央人民广播电台记者：2014年中国的反腐行动已经使多只“大老虎”落网了，您认为如何从制度建设方面入手，进一步推动反腐？另外，您还说过懒政怠政也是一种腐败，究竟怎么样才能解决官员的不作为问题？

 

China National Radio: China’s anti-corruption campaign in 2014 brought down several “big tigers” or high-ranking corrupt officials. I would like to know what more steps will be taken to enhance institution building in fighting corruption? You once said that it is also corruption for government officials to be indolent or sloppy in performing their duties. So what steps should we take to resolve the problem involving those “do-nothing” officials?

 

李克强：中国党和政府一贯坚持反腐倡廉的方针。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚持有腐必反、有贪必惩。一些所谓位高权重的人被依法调查和处理，成效是明显的，人民群众也是拥护的。

 

Li Keqiang: The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government are committed to combating corruption and upholding integrity. Since the 18th National Party Congress, the Central Committee of the CPC with comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has been taking strong efforts to ensure that all acts of corruption will be brought to account. In this process, a number of high-ranking corrupt officials have been investigated and dealt with. Our efforts have yielded good results and won people’s support.

 

所以，推进制度反腐和标本兼治是一致的。首先还是要依法治国。法律面前人人平等，不论是谁都不能在法外用权。二是要推进体制改革。比如简政放权很重要的一个目的就是坚决打掉寻租空间，铲除腐败土壤，因为很多腐败分子一个共同的特征就是寻租。三是要加强监督和教育。让权力在阳光下运行，受到社会的监督，公职人员要提高自律意识，以权谋公而不能谋私。在这个过程当中，我们既要惩治乱作为，也反对不作为，庸政懒政是不允许的。门好进了、脸好看了，就是不办事，这是为官不为啊，必须严肃问责。

 

To enhance institution building in fighting corruption helps us to address both the symptom and root cause of corruption. First, we must run the country in accordance with the law, and ensure that every one is equal before the law and no one is above the law. Second, we need to press ahead with the reform of the administrative system. Just now I mentioned the reform of the government to streamline administration and delegate powers. This is to eliminate room for rent-seeking to remove the breeding ground for corruption, as rent seeking is a common feature of various kinds of corruption. Third, supervision and educational campaigns will be strengthened. We must make sure that government power is exercised in a transparent way and subject to public oversight. All civil servants must enhance their self-discipline and government power can only be used for public good, not personal gains. There must be no irresponsible action or inaction on the part of government officials, and there is no room for incompetence or indolence either. No government official should be half-hearted in doing their jobs. Such officials will be held accountable.

 

新加坡《海峡时报》记者：中国政府已经将2015年中国经济增速的预期目标定在7%左右，表示想要实现一种新常态的经济增长，这种增长虽然速缓，但是质更优。我想了解的是，中国从这样的新常态中能够获得怎样的益处？这种新常态的增长对于中国、对于整个世界会有何影响？您对于新常态增长是怎么看的？您对中国坚持实现速缓但质优的新常态增长是否抱有信心？

 

Straits Times: Premier Li, my question is about China’s economy. China has set a lower GDP growth target this year of around 7%. Some say that it signals that Chinese economy has entered what they call a “new normal” of slower but better quality growth. What are the benefits knowing there are also downsides of slowing Chinese economy? Can you tell us how this new normal will affect China and the world? How should we view this and can we have the confidence that China is still committed to this new normal and can mange it well?

 

李克强：中国经济进入新常态，我们经济增速调整为今年预期增长7%左右，看起来增速是调低了，实际上实现这个目标并不容易，因为中国的经济总量增大了，已经超过了十万亿美元。如果按7%增长，那每年就要增加一个中等国家的经济规模。在这个过程中，如果我们能够注重质量、效益，促使中国经济由中低端向中高端升级，那就可以在较长时期保持中国经济中高速增长。我们实现现代化就有了坚实的基础，对世界也是巨大的贡献。

 

Li Keqiang: China’s economic development has entered a new normal. This year we have set the GDP growth target at approximately 7%. The GDP growth target has been adjusted downward, but it will by no means be easy to meet this target. Because China’s economic aggregate keeps expanding and now the size of the economy is valued about 10 trillion US dollars. So a seven percent increase in today’s economy is equivalent to the economic aggregate of a medium-sized country. We want to upgrade China’s economy to a medium-high level of development and pursue a growth with improved quality and performance. This will help maintain China’s growth at a medium-high speed and lay a more solid foundation for us to achieve modernization. It will also be China’s big contribution to global economic growth.

 

你的提问当中实际上表现了一种担心，刚才美国彭博社记者提问当中也问中国经济会不会继续放缓。我多次说过，在新常态下，我们会保持中国经济在合理区间运行。如果速度放缓影响了就业收入等，逼近合理区间的下限，我们会在稳定政策与稳定市场对中国长期预期的同时，加大定向调控的力度，来稳定当期市场的信心。我们这几年没有采取短期强刺激的政策，可以说运用政策的回旋余地还比较大，我们“工具箱”里的工具还比较多。

 

I sense some elements of concern in your question about China’s economic growth and when the journalist from Bloomberg asked his questions, there was also such a worry about slowing growth in China. I have said on many occasions that under this new normal, we need to ensure that China’s economy operates within a proper range. And if the growth speed comes close to the lower limit of the proper range and affects employment and increase of people’s income, we will step up targeted macroeconomic regulation to boost the current market confidence while maintaining the continuity of our macroeconomic policies to anchor long-term market expectations. The good news is that in the past couple of years, we did not resort to massive stimulus measures for economic growth, and that has given us ample room to exercise macroeconomic regulation and we still have a host of policy instruments at our disposal.

 

我希望你们对我后一段话的理解是“如果”。当然，我并不否认，中国经济面临着下行的压力，有多重风险，关键在于新常态下要在稳增长和调结构中间找到平衡点，这就使我想起中国人发明的围棋，讲究既要谋势，又要做活，而做活需要“两只眼”。形象地讲，稳增长和调结构就是“两只眼”，做活了就可以谋大势，当然这需要眼光、耐力和勇气。我相信，大家同心协力，有能力保持中国经济的大盘、基本面持续向好。

 

The latter part of my remarks is about a hypothetical situation. At the same time, I recognize that there is considerable downward pressure on China’s growth and we still face multiple risks. This requires that the government strike a proper balance between maintaining steady growth and making structural adjustments. In Weiqi, a chessboard game invented by the Chinese, one needs to both plan on the big side and get key moves right. When it comes to the economy, we must meet both ends of maintaining steady growth and making structural adjustments. And this way, we can get a handle on the big situation. This requires that we have vision, perseverance and courage. I have confidence that with joint efforts, we are able to maintain the long-term positive fundamentals of the overall Chinese economy.