杨洁篪：新形势下中国外交理论和实践创新（中英对照）

新形势下中国外交理论和实践创新

Innovations in China’s Diplomatic Theory and Practice under New Conditions

杨洁篪

Yang Jiechi

党的十八大胜利闭幕和今年“两会”结束以来，面对新形势新任务，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央准确把握世界格局变化和中国发展大势，着眼长远和战略全局，在保持外交大政方针延续性和稳定性的基础上，统筹国内国际两个大局，审时度势，开拓进取，推进外交理论和实践创新，实现良好开局，谋划全面布局，提出许多重大对外战略思想、外交政策和策略方针，开展一系列重大对外行动，不仅为党和国家工作全面推进创造了有利外部条件，而且丰富和发展了中国特色外交理论体系。

Since the successful conclusion of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) last year and the end of the annual sessions of the National People’s Congress (NPC) and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) earlier this year, the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has, in light of new conditions and new tasks, focused on China’s long-term and strategic agenda with a keen appreciation of the evolving global environment and trends of development at home. Bearing in mind both the domestic and international interests of the country and maintaining the continuity and consistency of its major diplomatic policies, it has promoted innovations in diplomatic theory and practice by keeping up with the trend of the times and pushing ahead with a pioneering spirit. With a good beginning made and an overall plan adopted, the Party Central Committee has put forth many important strategic ideas on China’s external affairs as well as diplomatic policies and principles, and taken a number of major diplomatic initiatives which have not only created external conditions favorable for facilitating the work of the Party and the state across the board, but also enriched and developed the system of diplomatic theory with Chinese characteristics.

一、外交开局和布局充分体现了战略性、全局性、创新性。

I. The new diplomatic initiatives as taken are strategic, overarching and innovative in nature.

　　党的十八大后，针对国际社会对以习近平同志为总书记的党中央大政方针走向的高度关注，习近平同志的首次外事活动专门会见在华工作的外国专家代表。此后，中共中央政治局又围绕坚定不移走和平发展道路进行集体学习。在这些内外活动中，习近平同志发表重要讲话，阐述了中国对外开放战略和外交政策，向外界发出中国新一届中央领导集体将坚持改革开放，坚持走和平发展道路，坚持奉行互利共赢的开放战略，坚定维护国家核心利益的明确信息。

Given close international attention on major policy direction of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary after the 18th Party Congress, Comrade Xi Jinping made his diplomatic debut by meeting the representatives of foreign experts working in China. Later, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a collective study session on unswervingly following the path of peaceful development. On both occasions, Comrade Xi Jinping made important remarks on China’s opening-up strategy and foreign policy, sending out a clear message that China’s new collective central leadership is committed to reform and opening-up, the path of peaceful development and the strategy of win-win cooperation with the outside world while resolutely upholding China’s core national interests.

　　今年“两会”结束以来，习近平同志等党和国家领导人分别出访亚非拉和欧洲、北美各大洲，涵盖大国、周边、新兴市场国家和发展中国家，接待数十个国家领导人来访。通过走出去、请进来和多双边结合，我国领导人同一百多位外国国家元首和领导人会见接触，有力促进了我国与世界各国的友好往来和务实合作。

Since the end of the annual NPC and CPPCC sessions this year, Comrade Xi Jinping and other Party and state leaders have paid visits to major countries, neighboring countries, emerging market economies and developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe and North America, and hosted visits by dozens of foreign leaders. These activities of bilateral and multilateral diplomacy both at home and abroad have enabled Chinese leaders to meet more than one hundred foreign heads of state and leaders, which has effectively enhanced China’s friendly exchanges and pragmatic cooperation with other countries.

　　积极运筹与主要大国关系。习近平同志担任中国国家主席后，将俄罗斯作为首次出访第一站，加强了中俄经贸、能源和战略安全合作，夯实了中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系基础。习近平同志赴美国洛杉矶安纳伯格庄园同美国总统奥巴马举行会晤，双方同意共同努力构建中美新型大国关系，相互尊重、合作共赢，为两国关系未来发展指明了方向、规划了蓝图。中美还成功举行第五轮战略与经济对话，在落实两国元首共识、推进中美新型大国关系建设方面取得积极进展。我其他党和国家领导人访问多个欧洲国家，我们还接待了法国总统奥朗德等欧洲国家领导人访华，不断开拓中欧互利务实合作的新领域。

Actively promoting relations with the major countries. Comrade Xi Jinping made Russia the first leg of his first overseas visit as China’s President, which strengthened bilateral cooperation in the economy, trade, energy and strategic security and consolidated the basis of the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination. Comrade Xi Jinping held meetings with US President Barack Obama at the Annenberg Estate in Los Angeles, during which the two sides agreed to work together to build a new model of major-country relationship based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation, thus charting the course and drawing the blueprint for growing China-US relations in the future. China and the United States also successfully held their fifth round of Strategic and Economic Dialogues, making good progress in implementing the agreement of the two presidents and advancing the building of a new model of major-country relationship. With other Chinese Party and state leaders visiting European countries, China has played host to French President Francois Hollande and other European leaders, and worked steadily to open up new areas of mutually-beneficial and pragmatic cooperation between China and Europe.

　　全力稳定和拓展周边睦邻友好关系。我国同周边国家关系总体上朝着更加积极的方向发展。习近平同志出席博鳌亚洲论坛2013年年会并举行系列国事活动，集中阐释我国内外政策新理念，增进与有关国家的战略互信，提升与周边国家关系。我们接待越南国家主席张晋创、韩国总统朴槿惠、巴基斯坦总理谢里夫等周边国家领导人来访，加强与东南亚、中亚等周边国家的双边关系，巩固睦邻友好合作。在钓鱼岛、南海等问题上，坚定维护我国领土主权与海洋权益，推动周边国家通过对话谈判妥善处理和解决争端。在朝核问题上，坚持半岛无核化目标，积极做有关国家工作，推动半岛局势趋向缓和。

Energetically working to stabilize and advance the friendly and good-neighborly relations in the surrounding areas. China’s relations with its neighbors are, on the whole, moving towards a more favorable direction. While attending the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2013 and the state events held on its sidelines, Comrade Xi Jinping expounded on the new ideas in China’s domestic and foreign policies, which promoted China’s strategic trust with the relevant countries and elevated its relations with the neighboring countries. We have received visits by state leaders from neighboring countries, such as President Truong Tan Sang of Viet Nam, President Park Geun-hye of the ROK and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan, strengthened bilateral ties with neighboring countries in areas including Southeast Asia and Central Asia, and consolidated our good-neighborly friendship and cooperation with them. With respect to such issues as Diaoyu Island and South China Sea, we have acted firmly to uphold our territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests while working hard to appropriately handle and resolve the disputes with the neighboring countries through dialogue and negotiation. On the Korean nuclear issue, while firmly committed to the goal of denuclearization on the Peninsula, we have actively reached out to relevant countries to move the situation on the Peninsula towards relaxation.

　　大力加强与发展中国家友好合作。习近平同志先后成功访问非洲和拉美，充分体现了我们对发展中国家的高度重视。习近平同志访问坦桑尼亚、南非、刚果共和国，开创了我国国家元首首次出访就访非的先例。习近平同志还以早餐会形式同十多位非洲国家领导人见面，在传承友谊、增进互信、推进合作、共谋发展等方面取得丰硕成果。习近平同志访问特立尼达和多巴哥、哥斯达黎加、墨西哥，并与加勒比地区8国领导人举行双边会谈，增进了政治互信，加强了务实合作，提升了我国同拉美和加勒比国家的整体合作水平。

Vigorously working to strengthen friendship and cooperation with developing countries. Comrade Xi Jinping’s successful visits to Africa and Latin America have fully reflected the great importance we attach to developing countries. By visiting Tanzania, South Africa and the Republic of the Congo, Comrade Xi Jinping set a precedent for a Chinese head of state to visit Africa during his first overseas trip. What is more, he met with over a dozen African leaders at a breakfast meeting, with fruitful results achieved in renewing friendship, enhancing mutual trust, advancing cooperation and identifying opportunities for common development. By visiting Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica and Mexico and holding bilateral talks with leaders of eight Caribbean countries, Comrade Xi Jinping has enhanced China’s political trust and result-oriented cooperation with them and brought China’s overall cooperation with Latin America and the Caribbean to a new high.

　　深入参与和引导多边外交进程。习近平同志在会见国际组织领导人时强调，中国积极倡导和践行多边主义，高度重视联合国等国际组织的重要作用。中国将履行自己应尽的国际义务，在维护世界和平与安全、促进人类发展和进步以及解决全球性问题和挑战等领域与相关国际组织深度合作。我国与重要国际组织的关系取得新的发展。习近平同志出席在南非德班举行的金砖国家领导人第五次会晤，就全球经济和政治领域重大问题与其他发展中大国加强沟通协调，推进金砖国家机制建设。会晤后发表《德班宣言》和行动计划，决定建立金砖国家开发银行和外汇储备库等，为推动建立更加公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序注入强劲动力。

Deeply engaging in and shaping processes of multilateral diplomacy. When meeting leaders of international organizations, Comrade Xi Jinping stressed China’s commitment to the advocacy and practice of multilateralism and the great value it places on the important role of the United Nations and other international organizations. China will honor its due international obligations and work in close cooperation with relevant international organizations in maintaining world peace and security, promoting human development and progress and addressing global issues and challenges. Fresh progress has been made in China’s relations with major international organizations. Attending the Fifth BRICS Leaders’ Meeting in Durban, South Africa, Comrade Xi Jinping worked for closer communication and coordination with other major developing countries on global economic and political matters of great consequence and brought about progress in building BRICS mechanisms. The Summit issued the eThekwini Declaration and Action Plan, decided to establish a development bank and a contingent reserve arrangement among BRICS countries, thus providing a strong impetus to the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fairer and more equitable.

　　以习近平同志为总书记的党中央在继承中创新，外交开局气势恢宏，外交布局全面均衡，使新形势下的中国外交呈现出理念丰富、重点突出、立场坚定、策略灵活、风格鲜明等特点，不仅充分调动了各方发展对华关系的积极性，为下半年乃至今后5至10年对外工作奠定了良好基础，而且有力提振了党心、军心、民心，极大激发了全党全国各族人民为实现党的十八大确定的“两个一百年”奋斗目标而努力拼搏的热情。

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has made innovative headway on the basis of past achievements. A sound and momentous beginning has thus been achieved in our diplomatic work. With the layout being more comprehensive and more balanced, China’s diplomacy under new circumstances displays such features as rich ideas, clear priorities, firm positions, flexible approaches and distinctive styles. This has not only aroused greater interest of all parties to further grow relations with China, which paves the way for sound diplomatic work in the latter half of the year and even the next five to ten years, but also boosted the morale of the Party, the army and the people, thus greatly galvanizing the enthusiasm of our Party and our people of all ethnic groups to work for the realization of the “two centenary goals” as set by the 18th Party Congress.