升级输电网相关技术概述（节选）（中英对照）

升级输电网相关技术概述（节选）

随着风电的快速发展，大规模风电对电网安全带来的冲击开始显现。受电源装机结构等多方面因素的制约，电网调峰能力不足，风电消纳有限，多数项目等效满负荷运行小时数远低于设计值（1）。为促进可再生能源与电网协调发展，促进可再生能源在跨区域、更大范围的消纳，提高可再生能源并网规模，特高压交直流输电技术、柔性交直流输电技术、风电场控制技术、调度运行技术、风光储等相关技术的应用、实施是非常必要的（2）。

1、调度运行技术

风电调度运行技术室保障电网安全，提高资源优化配置能力的有效手段，风电功率预测、风电建模与仿真、风电调度是风电调度运行技术的重要内容，是合理安排风电发电计划，提高电力系统接纳风电能力的关键技术（5）。

1.1风电功率预测

目前，风电功率预测已获得广泛应用。德国、丹麦等风电发达国家从1992年起就致力于风电功率预测技术的开发和应用，在保证电力系统的安全经济运行和提高风电价值等方面发挥着重要作用。我国在风电功率预测方面近年才开始，研究起步较晚，2008年11月，我国首套具有自主知识产权的风电功率预测系统在吉林省电力调度中心投入运行。目前，开发了基于人工神经网络的统计方法预测模型，基于线性化微尺度和计算流体力学的物理方法预测模型，结合物理方法和统计方法的混合预测模型，全面掌握了对风电开展功率预测的技术手段，具备了基于不同方法和软件进行风电场和区域风电功率预测的能力。我国风电功率预测达到国际先进水平。

1.2 风电建模与仿真

通过风电建模与仿真，仿真计算机电场接入电网后电力系统稳定性，对国内外主流风电机组和风电场在风速扰动、系统故障等情况下的动态仿真计算，提高分析风电场整体运行特性的准确性，揭示联网运行风电机组的动态行为特征，解决大规模风电机组并网后，给电网带来的安全、经济、运行方面的相关问题（3）。

1.3 风电调度技术

随着风电并网容量的不断扩大，风电在电网中的比例不断增加，大规模风电并网对电网调度运行的影响日益显现，需要通过风电调度决策支持系统，综合考虑节能环保因素，将风电纳入日前调度计划中，协调风电与常规机组的计划安排，最大限度地接纳风力发电，合理安排调峰资源，最大限度提高风电利用小时数，提高全网运行的经济性（4）。

南瑞公司提供（NARI Corporation）

A Survey of Technologies for Upgrading Power Transmission System (Excerpt)

The large-scale grid integration of wind power, prompted by its fast development, is beginning to exert side effects on the power grid safety—the peak load regulation capacity appears insufficient, wind power penetration seems inadequate and the equivalent full load involving most of the projects have proved far fewer than are designed, due to the limits resulting from the imbalanced makeup of installed capacity and others factors (1). Therefore, technologies—such as ultra-high voltage (UHC) AC/DC transmission, flexible AC/DC transmission, wind farm control, dispatching and operation, and wind power-photovolatic power(PV)-power storage—are imperative to the coordinated development of renewable energy and the power grid in general, and to the large-scale & cross-regional penetration of such energy and expansion in the scale of its integration into the grid in particular (2).

1. Dispatching and operating technology

Wind power dispatching and operating technologies are effective means of maintaining the power grid safety and improving the capability for the optimization of resources distribution. Such technologies mainly include wind power dispatching, which are crucial sub-technologies for the rational scheduling of wind power generation, and for the upgrading of the power system’s capacity to integrate wind power (5).

1.1 Wind power forecasting

At present, wind power forecasting has been widely used. Since 1992, some heavyweights in wind power development such as Germany and Denmark have applied themselves to the development and application of wind power forecasting technology, which has been playing an important role in the safety and economical operation of the electric power system, and in the boost of wind power value. China started to conduct research on wind power forecasting rather late—only in recent years. In November 2008, its first wind power forecasting system, with its independent intellectual property rights, was put into operation at Jilin Province Electric Power Dispatching Center. Now it has developed the following forecasting models—those based on statistical methods using artificial neural network, those based on physics methods of linear micro-scale and computational fluid mechanics, and those hybrid models combining physics methods with statistical ones—and has a full command of the technology for wind power forecasting, with the capability to perform the forecasting for wind farms and regions using various methods and software. At the moment, China’s wind power forecasting has reached the world’s advanced level.

1.2 Wind power modeling and simulation

Through wind power modeling and simulation—specifically through the simulation calculation of the power system stability after wind power integration, and through dynamic simulation calculation of the world’s major wind turbines and wind farms in such circumstances as wind speed disturbance and system failure, we improved the analytical accuracy of the integrated operating characteristics of wind farms, revealed the dynamic characteristics of wind turbines operating under the grid integration mode, and solved the power grid’s safety, economic and operational problems incurred by the large-scale integration of wind power (3).

1.3 Wind power dispatching technology

With a continuous expansion of wind power grid integration, the wind power penetration rate has been increasing, and the impact of large-scale wind power grid integration on the grid dispatching and operation is beginning to emerge. This situation entails the need to incorporate wind power into the day-ahead dispatching schedule, and coordinate the scheduling of wind turbines and conventional power-generating units—with energy saving and environmental factors being taken into account—so as to maximize the grid capability to integrate wind power and improve the operating economy of the entire power grid through wind power dispatching decision support system and appropriate arrangements of resources for peak adjustments (4).

(Source Text by NARI Corporation)