刘延东副总理：让农村孩子接受更好的义务教育（中英对照）

第二，科学合理布局农村学校

II. We need to plan the distribution of rural schools in a scientific way

近十年来，为适应农村人口流动和学生分布的变化，各地对农村学校进行了布局调整，改善了办学条件，提高了办学效益和质量。但一些地方也存在盲目撤并、过急过快的情况，部分学生上学路程变远，安全隐患增加，家庭经济负担加重。针对这些问题，国务院办公厅2012年专门印发文件规范农村学校布局调整，盲目撤并现象得到有效遏制。各地要进一步把文件精神落实好，创造条件让农村学生安全便捷上学读书。

Over the past decade, local governments have made adjustments to the layout of schools in rural areas in accordance to changes that have occurred in the distribution of China’s rural population and rural students. These initiatives have helped to improve conditions in schools, and have raised efficiency and standards of quality in the running of schools. However, some local governments have gone too far too soon, acting blindly in the shutting down and merging of rural schools. As a result, some students must now travel further in order to get to school. In addition to increasing potential safety risks, this has also placed families under a heavier financial burden. In response to these issues, the General Office of the State Council issued a set of specific guidelines on adjusting the layout of rural schools in 2012. As a result, the blind merging and shutting down of schools in rural areas has been effectively curbed. Local governments are required to continue implementing these guidelines, thereby creating favorable conditions for rural children to get to school safely and conveniently.

一是严格规范布局调整程序。各地要抓紧制定农村义务教育学校布局专项规划，教育部要加强对各地的指导，尽快完成规划备案工作。完成备案之前，暂停农村中小学校撤并。确需撤并的学校必须严格履行程序，听取各方面意见，充分论证，逐级上报至省级政府审批，坚决制止强行撤并。

First, we must strictly standardize administrative procedures for adjusting the layout of rural schools. Local governments should promptly formulate dedicated plans on the distribution of rural schools offering compulsory education. At the same time, the Ministry of Education should step up its oversight over governments in this regard and ensure that local plans are registered as soon as possible. Prior to the registration of these plans, no more primary and junior middle schools in rural areas are permitted to be merged or shut down. Where schools do in fact need to be merged or closed, the relevant procedures must be strictly observed. In these cases, authorities must hear the opinions of all relevant parties, carry out thorough deliberations, report to higher bodies, and seek the approval of the provincial government. The forced merging or shutting down of schools must be stopped.

二是加强寄宿制学校建设。教育部要会同发展改革委、财政部等部门，尽快研究制定加强农村寄宿制学校建设的标准和措施，配足宿舍、食堂、厕所、洗浴等必需设施，配齐管理服务人员，力争本届政府任内基本解决农村寄宿制学校数量不足、必需设施不完备问题。

Second, we need to step up our efforts to promote boarding schools. Working in collaboration with the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education should formulate a set of standards and measures concerning the development of boarding schools in rural areas as soon as possible. These boarding schools should be equipped with the necessary facilities, such as dormitories, canteens, toilets, and bathrooms, and staffed with a full contingent of administrative and service personnel. Working on this basis, the Ministry of Education must strive to address the shortage of boarding schools in rural areas as well as the inadequate facilities in these schools during the current term of government.

三是办好必要的村小学和教学点。要按照“缺什么补什么”的原则，改善村小学和教学点办学条件，实施好“教学点数字资源全覆盖”项目，优先向村小学和教学点输送优质资源。要培养更多一专多能的教师，解决好村小学和教学点开课不齐不足的问题。对承担多门课程的教师，绩效工资要予以倾斜。还可以采取走教、志愿者支教等多种方式改善师资条件。

Third, we should ensure the sound running of the necessary village primary schools and rural learning centers. In line with the principle of ensuring schools have whatever they need, we must work to improve conditions in village primary schools and learning centers, implement the project to equip all learning centers with digital facilities, and give priority to village primary schools and learning centers in the provision of top resources. At the same time, we should train more teachers who are able to teach multiple subjects in addition to their own subject of focus, so as to address the problem of village primary schools and learning centers not being able to provide the full range of subjects. Performance pay schemes should be tilted towards teachers that teach several subjects. Village schools and rural learning centers may also adopt other measures to improve their teaching contingents, such as sharing teachers with other schools and the recruiting of volunteers.

四是安全教育和防范工作时刻不能放松。在学校日常管理中，要做好突发事件和自然灾害的应急演练，提高学生防范人身伤害的能力。不少农村学生上下学路途远、时间长，政府要统筹发展农村公共交通，根据当地实际，多种形式逐步提供校车服务。教育、公安、交通等有关部门要积极配合，为有通勤需要的学生打造一条“绿色通道”。

Fourth, we cannot allow for any letup in our efforts to promote safety and disaster prevention education in schools. Emergency drills and exercises should be carried out as a part of routine management in schools, with a view to enhancing the ability of students to avoid personal injury. For many students in rural areas, the road between school and home is a long one. For this reason, local governments are required to take comprehensive measures to develop public transportation in rural areas, and should adopt various approaches to the provision of school buses and services in accordance with local conditions. Education, public security, and transportation departments should collaborate in order to ensure safe passage for students traveling to and from school.

第三，因地制宜推进学校标准化建设

III. We should promote the standardization of schools in accordance with local conditions

学校标准化建设是推进义务教育均衡发展的重要内容。要继续以薄弱学校改造计划为抓手，大力推进标准化建设，力争用5年左右的时间基本消除农村地区义务教育薄弱学校，逐步让农村孩子也能和城里孩子一样享受基本教学环境和生活条件。

Promoting the standardization of schools represents an important aspect of our efforts to balance the development of compulsory education. Placing our focus on the renovation of weak schools, we must devote major efforts to promoting standardization in schools, and set ourselves the target of essentially turning all weak schools in rural areas around over the next five years or so. Through these efforts, we will gradually ensure that rural children are able to enjoy the same basic schooling environment and living conditions as urban children.

学校标准化建设主要包括三个方面。一是标准化的教学设施。对每所学校的校舍、师资、实验设施、教学仪器、图书资料、音体美器材等，要按国家基本标准进行配备。标准化建设是保基本，并不是要和城市最好的条件去比，更不能追求豪华。二是保障学生健康安全的生活条件。宿舍、食堂、盥洗、厕所等满足学习生活的基本需求，形成适宜学生健康成长、和谐安全的校园环境。三是科学有序的管理制度。树立以人为本的现代管理理念，在学生、教师、财物等方面形成完善的管理制度，提升管理服务的科学化水平。教育部要会同相关部门研究制定学校标准化建设的指导意见。需要强调的是，各地情况千差万别，自然资源和经济社会发展水平不同，标准化建设一定要因地制宜，从实际出发，防止盲目攀比。

Standardization in schools involves three aspects. The first is the standardization of school facilities. School buildings, teachers, experimental facilities, teaching tools, books, and equipment for PE, music and art classes should all be provided in line with basic government standards. Standardization is about ensuring minimum requirements; it is not about competing with the best equipped schools in cities, or pursuing luxuries. The second aspect of standardization relates to the health and safety of students in school. We must ensure that dormitories, canteens, bathrooms, and toilets are able to meet the basic demands of students, with a view to creating harmonious and safe school environments that are ideal for the healthy and safe growth of students. The third aspect of standardization in schools pertains to sound management. We need to establish a modern managerial approach that puts people first, develop sound measures for the management of students, teachers, and property, and work constantly to make management in schools more advanced. The Ministry of Education will be required to collaborate with other departments in forming guidelines on the standardization of schools. However, what needs to be emphasized is that conditions vary widely in different parts of the country, with different areas boasting different natural resources and levels of economic and social development. Therefore, we must approach standardization on the basis of actual local conditions, and take care to avoid making straight comparisons.