王毅外长接受英国《金融时报》专访（中英对照）

张力奋：您觉得如果2014年有什么事情发生，中方会排除军事冲突的可能性吗？

Zhang Lifen: In your view, if something happens in 2014, will China rule out the possibility of a military conflict?

王毅：我建议不要从这个角度思考，这样想，你就会越来越悲观。我刚才讲了，作为外交官，我们还是应尽力争取好的前景。

Wang Yi: If you choose to think that way, you may end up with a more pessimistic outlook. Just like what I said, as diplomats, we must go all the way to secure the best possible prospect.

张力奋：还有一个问题也与日本有关。安倍首相在达沃斯主旨演讲前，与一批国际媒体记者有个见面吹风会。他认为，当前中日关系与1914年前德国和英国的关系很相像，意思是虽然这两个国家当时在贸易和经济合作方面有很多往来，但良好的经济关系和共同利益并没有使两国最终避免在“一次大战”中交战。您对此有什么看法？

Zhang Lifen: Another question related to Japan. Before his special address in the afternoon the day before yesterday, Mr. Abe held a briefing with some international media outlets. He compared the current relationship with China to one between Britain and Germany in 1914, suggesting that although Britain and Germany had quite frequent economic and trade interactions at the time, the good economic ties and common interests did not stop the two from coming into war with each other during the World War I. What is your view?

王毅：我也看到了这一报道，中国外交部发言人已做出了回应。既然你提到了，我也想说两句。我的第一印象是时空错乱，甚至可以说莫名其妙。

Wang Yi: I saw the report too. The spokesperson of the Chinese foreign ministry has made a response. Since you have brought this up, I wish to add a few words. Abe’s remarks struck me as total disorder of time and space, making no sense at all.

时空错乱的意思是，现在的国际形势与1914年时不可同日而语。中国是一个和平力量，中国的发展将增强世界维护和平的力量。莫名其妙的意思是，如果日方愿意回顾历史，我们可以奉陪。看看近代史上日本都做了些什么？1910年强行吞并、殖民统治朝鲜半岛，这是日本近代史上很不光彩的一页。1931年制造“柳条沟事件”，侵占中国东北，杀害大量中国同胞。1937年挑起“卢沟桥事变”，发起全面侵华战争。

What I mean by total confusion of time and space is that the world has changed dramatically since 1914. China is a force for peace. Its development gives the world greater strength to uphold peace. Abe’s remarks also made no sense. If Japan wants to talk about history, then let’s talk about history. Let’s all have a good look at what Japan actually did in modern history. In 1910, Japan annexed and exercised colonial rule over the Korean Peninsula, which represented an ignominious page in Japan’s modern history. In 1931, Japan created the Liutiaogou Incident, occupied Northeast China, and committed mass killings there. In 1937, Japan created the Lugouqiao Incident and launched a full-scale war of aggression against China.

我不想讲得很细，只告诉你一个数字，日本侵华战争期间，中国军民死伤三千五百万人。1941年日本又发动太平洋战争，军国主义铁蹄几乎踏遍东南亚地区。历史事实非常清楚，是谁在不断发动侵略？是谁在不断制造麻烦？一目了然。

I will not go into details, but let me give you one figure: during the war, the Chinese military and civilian casualties amounted to 35 million. Then in 1941, Japan launched the Pacific War, sending its militarist troops across almost the entire Southeast Asia. These solid historical facts show clearly who kept waging aggressions and who kept making trouble.

如果要谈历史，请日本领导人好好反省历史，吸取教训。只有真正反省历史，才能开辟未来，才能获得邻国的信任。

Since history is the subject here, we advise the Japanese leader to fully reflect on history and learn its lessons. Only by doing so can Japan create a better future and win the trust of its neighboring countries.

张力奋：当前的中日关系令人担心。依您判断，会在多大程度上影响双边经济和贸易往来？很多中国老百姓在网上说，中国对日本最有效的制裁，就是经济制裁。您怎么看？双边关系恶化，会不会直接影响双边经济和贸易？

Zhang Lifen: The current China-Japan relations are worrisome. In your view, how will it impact bilateral economic and trade ties? Many Chinese have commented online that the most effective sanctions China can impose on Japan are economic sanctions. What is your view? Will the strained bilateral relations have a direct impact on bilateral business ties?

王毅：经济往来有其自身规律。当然，最好有一个相对和谐友善的气氛。去年中日贸易数字有些回落，原因是多方面的，其中也包括两国政治关系不好带来的消极影响。我们不希望出现这样的局面，但这也不以人的意志为转移。应该说，目前中日经济往来总体上还正常，主要是经济规律自身在起作用。日本经济界的朋友们很担心，不希望两国的经济交往继续掉下去。如果这样的话，就应该出来讲话，发出声音，制止那种影响中日关系、破坏中日信任、甚至开历史倒车的行为，这才是从根本上维护两国合作的正确之道。

Wang Yi: Economic ties follow their own law of development. But a harmonious and amicable atmosphere will certainly be a big plus. Bilateral trade between China and Japan went down last year due to several factors, including the negative impact of the strained political ties. This is not what we hope to see, but this is not something that can be changed by our will. Actually, our economic ties with Japan remain normal on the whole, mainly because the law of economic development is still at play. If friends in the Japanese business circle are truly worried and do not want the decline to continue, they should step forward and speak their mind, in an effort to stop behaviors that undermine the relations and trust between China and Japan or even turn back the wheel of history. This is what is really needed to fundamentally preserve the cooperation between our two countries.

张力奋：国际社会也很关心朝鲜半岛问题。您任外交部副部长期间，是六方会谈的中方团长。大家都很关心，中国目前如何界定它与朝鲜的关系？是一种特殊的关系呢，还是逐渐正常的国与国关系？

Zhang Lifen: The international community pays close attention to issues related to the Korean Peninsula. You led the Chinese delegation to the Six-Party Talks when you were the vice foreign minister. People are keen to know how China defines its relations with the DPRK. Is it a special relationship or one that is gradually becoming normal?

王毅：第一，中国愿与所有邻国发展睦邻友好关系。朝鲜是中国的重要邻国之一，我们当然重视与朝鲜发展睦邻友好关系。第二，中朝之间还有传统友谊，我们珍惜并希望把这种传统友谊继承下去。第三，任何国与国之间，都不可能在所有问题上看法一致。一个家庭里的亲兄弟有时还有不同意见，更何况国与国之间？因此两国在一些问题上意见不一致，这很正常，应通过各层次对话增进相互了解，扩大共识。

Wang Yi: First of all, China is ready to develop good-neighborly and friendly relations with all neighbors. The DPRK is one of China’s important neighbors. We certainly attach great importance to growing a good-neighborly and friendly relationship with it. Second, there is also a traditional friendship between China and the DPRK. We cherish it and hope it will last. Third, there are no two countries in the world that see eye to eye on every issue. Even brothers sometimes argue with each other, let alone countries. It is only natural that China and the DPRK may differ on some issues. What is important is to have dialogue at various levels so as to increase mutual understanding and build consensus.

中朝之间，一个有分歧的问题是核问题。在这个问题上，中方的立场是明确、一贯、不变的，那就是反对朝鲜发展核武器，推动半岛无核化。朝鲜发展核武器，实际上并不利于其安全，不符合朝鲜人民的根本和长远利益，对地区形势也会带来复杂影响。怎么解决这个问题？必须通过对话谈判的方式，绝对不能用极端的、军事的方式。我们说过，绝不允许在家门口生事生乱。半岛无核化只能通过对话谈判加以解决。在这方面，六方会谈是唯一可行途径。我们的基本主张是，一方面推动实现半岛无核化，一方面也要解决朝鲜的合理安全关切。这才是公平合理的。

One issue that China and the DPRK have difference on is the Korean nuclear issue. China’s position on the issue is clear, consistent and unchanged. We are opposed to the DPRK’s development of nuclear weapons and committed to the denuclearization of the peninsula. The pursuit of nuclear weapons does not serve the DPRK’s own security purposes and its people’s fundamental and long-term interests. It will also complicate the regional situation. How can this issue be resolved? It has to be resolved through dialogue and negotiation. The extreme approach of military action is no option. We have stated that China will not allow trouble to be created at its doorstep. Denuclearization of the peninsula can only be achieved through dialogue and negotiation. The Six-Party Talks is the only viable path to achieve this goal. Our basic position is that the peninsula must be denuclearized and the DPRK’s legitimate security concerns should also be addressed, as this is only fair and reasonable.

张力奋：您刚才提到中朝之间有传统友谊。换种说法，大家还是会认为中朝两国有特殊关系。大家希望中国利用它与朝鲜的传统特殊关系施加影响，缓和朝鲜半岛局势。不过，有时候，又感觉中国在逐渐失去对朝鲜的特殊影响力。

Zhang Lifen: You have just said the two countries have a traditional friendship, or a special relationship as some people believe. Many want China to use its traditional or special relationship with the DPRK to influence the country and help ease the situation on the Korean Peninsula. Yet sometimes they feel that China might be losing its special influence on the DPRK.

王毅：中国对朝鲜的影响力，外界总是有些误判。说到底，中国与朝鲜是国与国的关系。国与国的关系由国际关系基本准则来规范，必须遵守这些基本准则。同时作为邻国，我们交往更多一些，这也很正常。六方会谈不是中方一家的事，其他五方也应发挥作用，特别是美朝之间。希望他们能尽快恢复对话，通过对话解决他们之间的各种问题，为重启六方会谈创造应有条件。

Wang Yi: There are always some misunderstanding about China’s influence on the DPRK. China-DPRK relations are in the final analysis state-to-state relations, which are regulated by the basic norms of international relations that all must abide by. Yet, as neighbors, the two countries have interacted a lot, which is all very natural. The Six-Party Talks is not a matter for China alone; the other five parties must play their part, particularly, the United States and the DPRK. I hope they will soon reopen their dialogue, resolving whatever outstanding issues between them through such dialogue and thus creating conditions necessary for the resumption of the Six-Party Talks.

张力奋：您是中华人民共和国成立以来的第11任外交部长，中美关系应是最重要的双边关系。大家都在问，过去多年中，中美关系的头上，总有许多形容词，如全面伙伴关系，新型伙伴关系云云，但似乎都不能彻底解决我们的疑问。如果暂且撇开所有外交辞令，中美关系中最重要的信任问题到底解决了吗？您最近发表文章说，中美关系将进入不冲突、不对抗的阶段，这真的能实现吗？

Zhang Lifen: You are the 11th Foreign Minister of the People’s Republic of China since its founding.The relationship between China and the United States perhaps is the most important bilateral relationship in the world. People are wondering that with more and more adjectives we have used to describe China-US relations, such as comprehensive partnership, new type of partnership, etc., have we put to rest our doubt, namely, despite all the diplomatic niceties, have we resolved the issue of trust which is central to China-US relations? In a recently published article of yours, you said that China and the United States will enter a period of non-conflict and non-confrontation. Is that truly feasible?

王毅：信任问题，实际上是对中美关系的预期问题。中美是两个大国，一个是最大的发达国家，一个是最大的发展中国家，一个是第一大经济体，一个是第二大经济体。中美关系的走向不仅影响中美两国，也影响全世界。所以大家不断预测中美关系的未来，并据此作出他们自身政策的调整。这是一个很大的问题，影响超越中美两国。

Wang Yi: The trust issue, in fact, concerns people’s expectations of China-US relations. Both are the world’s major countries, with one being the largest developed country and the other the largest developing country. They are also the world’s two top economies. The state of China-US relations bears on not only China and the United States but the whole world. That is why people are keen to speculate on the future of China-US relations and adjust their policy decisions correspondingly. This is indeed a big question with an impact that goes beyond the bilateral context.

我们应解决好影响中美关系长期发展的负面预期问题。为此，我们提出中美应构建新型大国关系，也就是说，要摆脱过去传统大国与新兴大国必然冲突的“修昔底德陷阱”，明确双方不冲突、不对抗。这是中美新型大国关系的第一个特征。

China-US relations. And to this end, we have proposed that the two sides work to build a new model of major-country relationship, one that can free us from the so-called Thucydides trap with the established power and the emerging power colliding inexorably and one that delivers non-conflict and non-confrontation by both sides. Such is the prime feature of the proposed new model of major-country relationship.

能不能做到这一点？我想完全可以。现在是全球化时代，中美利益密不可分，已成为利益共同体，两国年贸易额达五千多亿美元。几乎所有美国大公司都在中国经营。中国对美国的直接投资也越来越多。每天有10000多人往返于两国之间。目前，中美之间有超过100个沟通渠道或机制。这与过去完全不同。也就是说，中美如果发生冲突，将是双输局面。中美两国把不冲突、不对抗的信息共同发出去，就给了其他国家一个定心丸。至于某些试图利用中美摩擦和矛盾从中渔利的国家，也会放弃这种打算。中美之间仅仅不冲突、不对抗还不够，因为当今世界很多问题需要中美合作加以解决。所以我们要在相互尊重的基础上实现合作共赢。不冲突、不对抗，相互尊重，合作共赢构成中美新型大国关系的3个基本特征。当然，中美新型大国关系刚刚开始，能不能真正实现，需要双方共同努力。其进程也不会一帆风顺，肯定会有曲折。但是大方向已经确定，我们要全力朝着这个方向去推进。

Can we achieve that? I think it is entirely possible. We are living in a world of rapid globalization; China and the United States, with interests closely integrated, have already become a community of shared interests. Two-way trade has topped US$500 billion a year. Almost all big American companies are operating in China. China’s direct investment in the United States has grown by leaps and bounds. Every day, over 10,000 people travel between our two countries and the number of channels or mechanisms of communication between the two countries has increased to over 100. This is totally different from the past. In the event of a major conflict between China and the United States, the situation can only be a lose-lose one. That is why the two countries decide to send out a message of non-conflict and non-confrontation, which is reassuring to all the countries. As to countries trying to cash in on China-US frictions and disputes, they will probably give up the attempt when they hear the message.

Of course, just non-conflict and non-confrontation are not enough for China-US relations. Cooperation between the two countries is required to solve a host of problems facing the world. We must achieve win-win cooperation on the basis of mutual respect. Thus the new model of major-country relationship between China and the United States has three defining features of non-conflict and non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. Needless to say, such a relationship is only at the beginning stage. Its successful completion calls for joint efforts by both sides. And the process can not be plain-sailing, but will encounter some twists and turns. What is important is that the general direction has been set, toward which the countries can focus their efforts.

张力奋：对美国近几年重返亚洲的策略，中国心里总感到不舒服吧。您跟美方坦诚布公对此表达过关切吗？

Zhang Lifen: Some people hold the view that China is not comfortable with the US strategy of pivot to Asia in recent years. Have you taken your concern candidly and directly to the American side?

王毅：谈不上什么不舒服。因为美国本来就是一个亚太国家。现在地球越来越小，越来越平，大家同住在一个地球村。美国在亚洲有传统影响和现实利益，我们予以尊重，就像美国也要尊重中国在亚洲的地位与影响一样。我们希望，美方同中方一道在亚太地区发挥积极、建设性作用。只要中美两国合作，这一地区的前途将是光明的。所以我们提出，中美新型大国关系要从亚洲开始做起，因为这个地区是中美利益最交汇的地区，也是最容易出问题的地区。

Wang Yi: China has nothing to be uncomfortable about this. Because the United States has been an Asia-Pacific country all along. The world is getting smaller and flatter, and we are all living in the same global village. The United States has both traditional influence and practical interests in Asia, which we respect, the same way as the United States is expected to respect China’s status and influence in Asia. We hope that the United States and China can work together and play a positive and constructive role in the Asia-Pacific region. So long as the two countries are cooperative, the region will have a bright future. That is why we propose that the building of the new model of major-country relationship begin in Asia, a region where the two countries have far more overlapping interests and where problems are more likely to occur.

张力奋：最后两个问题。我从中国外交部网站上看到您出访行程密集。刚从非洲回来，前几天又在蒙特勒出席叙利亚问题第二次日内瓦会议。我注意到，最近您在接受一家中东媒体采访时表示，中国在中东地区不仅发挥经济作用，而且在政治、军事上都应该发挥应有的作用。以往中方在中东问题上行使否决权比较多。这是否意味着，中国新一届领导人在对国际局势做了总体评估后，中国外交正逐渐走出以前的“韬光养晦”？

Zhang Lifen: I saw from the Chinese Foreign Ministry website that you have a very busy travel schedule. You are just back from a trip to Africa, and you attended the Second International Conference on Syria in Montreux two days ago. I noticed that in a recent interview with Middle East media, you said that China should play in this region not only an economic role but political and military roles as well. In the past, China often used its veto power on Middle East issues. Does this mean that after an overall evaluation of the international landscape, China’s diplomacy under the new leadership is moving gradually away from the previously held “low-key” approach?

王毅：中国外交是有延续性和稳定性的。同时中国外交必须与时俱进，体现开拓性和进取性。特别是随着中国综合国力不断发展，国际上对中国的期待也不断上升，希望中国发挥更大的作用，承担更多的义务。作为安理会常任理事国和世界第二大经济体，中国应该为维护世界和平稳定、为解决地区冲突问题发挥应有作用。这是一个进程，并不意味着中国外交政策发生重大变化。

Wang Yi: China’s diplomacy is well known for its continuity and stability. Nonetheless, it needs to keep pace with the changing times and be innovative and proactive. In particular, as its comprehensive national strength expands steadily, expectations on China by the international community have also grown in such a way that China should be given a greater role to play and more obligations to undertake. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council and the world’s second biggest economy, China can be expected to play a due role in maintaining world peace and stability and resolving regional conflicts. This, being a continuous process, does not mean that major changes have taken place in China’s foreign policy.

你提到我接受半岛电视台的一次采访。他们问我，中国除了在经济上发挥作用，有没有在政治上发挥作用？我说，很多地区出现的问题，关键在于发展问题没解决好。我们利用自己的优势，与中东国家加强经济合作，推动地区发展，从而为解决政治问题创造条件。这并不意味着中国不发挥政治作用。比如从上世纪50年代开始，我们就一直支持巴勒斯坦的正义事业。随着中国国力增强，我们将继续在力所能及范围内，承担与中国国力相适应的国际责任和义务。

You mentioned the interview I gave to Al Jazeera. I was asked whether China has played a political role apart from its economic role. And I said that many regional problems have emerged essentially because development issues have not been well addressed. We have acted on our advantages to strengthen economic cooperation with Middle East countries to advance regional development, thus creating conditions for solving political issues. This does not mean that China plays no role in the political field. For example, since the 1950s, China has always supported the just cause of Palestine. As its national strength grows, China will continue to do what it can to shoulder international responsibilities and obligations that are commensurate with China’s national strength.

张力奋：最后一个问题。在2014年，您最担心的、可能让您晚上睡不着觉的事情是什么？

Zhang Lifen: Last question. In 2014, what will be your biggest concern that might keep you awake at night?

王毅：2014年，国际大格局仍是和平与发展。新兴市场国家虽有些困难，但总体仍呈上升趋势。国际力量对比还在朝着更加均衡的方向发展。世界经济开始缓慢复苏，热点问题得到不同程度的控制和解决。比如，最近伊核问题谈判取得进展。叙利亚双方对立严重，但还是如期召开了第二次日内瓦会议。巴以和谈也在进行。

Wang Yi: In 2014, peace and development will still be the main features of the overall international landscape. Emerging market countries, on the whole, will continue to enjoy the upward trend in spite of some difficulties. The international balance of power is moving toward greater equilibrium. The global economy has begun to recover slowly, and hotspot issues have been brought under control or settled to different extents. For instance, progress has been made recently in negotiations on the Iranian nuclear issue. In spite of the severe confrontation between the two sides of Syria, the Geneva II conference was convened as scheduled. Peace talks between Palestine and Israel are underway as well.

南海形势虽有些炒作，但中国周边地区形势总体稳定。一方面，中国坚持与直接当事方通过对话谈判解决问题。另一方面，中国与东盟共同努力维护好南海的和平稳定。这方面的工作都在积极进行。我们与印度、巴基斯坦等南亚国家，以及韩国、蒙古等邻国关系都很良好。中俄关系则始终保持在高水平上运行。

Although there has been some playing up of the situation in the South China Sea, the situation concerning China’s neighborhood remains generally stable. On the one hand, China is committed to a negotiated solution through dialogue with the parties directly concerned. On the other, China is working with ASEAN to jointly uphold peace and stability in the South China Sea. Work on both fronts is being actively pursued. China also enjoys good relations with South Asian countries such as India and Pakistan, and with its neighboring countries such as ROK and Mongolia. And China-Russia relationship has always maintained a high level of development.

今年我们要办好两个非常重要的主场会议，一是上半年在上海举行的亚信峰会，一是下半年在北京举行的APEC领导人非正式会议。一个聚焦地区安全合作，一个聚焦地区经济发展。我们要把这两篇文章做好，把这两个平台搭好，发挥作为东道国应有的作用。

This year, China will play host to two very important meetings. One is the Summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) to be held in Shanghai in the first half of the year, which will focus on regional security cooperation. The other is the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting to be held in Beijing in the latter half of the year, which is about regional economic growth. China will play its due role as the host country, turn the two events into useful platforms of cooperation and ensure their success.

我们还要抓好两个落实。一是前不久召开的周边外交工作座谈会。习近平主席提出了“亲、诚、惠、容”的重要理念，我们将努力把这四字箴言落实到我们的睦邻友好关系中去。一是习近平主席去年访问非洲时提出的正确义利观。这既是中国优秀文化传统的体现，也是中国外交的一面旗帜。我们将把它贯彻落实到对发展中国家尤其是最不发达国家的交往当中。 对于我们的老朋友，对于那些经济发展困难的国家，我们要使他们多得利、早得利，实现互利合作，共同发展。

It is also our task to implement important concepts and notions on China’s diplomacy. One is the important concepts of “amity, sincerity, mutual benefit and inclusiveness” put forward by President Xi Jinping at the recent meeting on neighborhood diplomacy. We will work hard to implement these concepts in our pursuit of good-neighborly and friendly relations. The other is the notion of following the right approach to principles and interests proposed by President Xi Jinping during his visit to Africa last year. This notion is not only a reflection of China’s fine cultural tradition, but also a banner of China’s diplomacy. We will follow the right approach in our exchanges with developing countries, the least developed countries in particular. When it comes to our old friends, including those countries confronted with difficulties in economic development, we will help them reap more benefits, and as soon as possible, from cooperation with China, so as to achieve common development through win-win cooperation.

此外，我们还要积极推进习近平主席提出的构建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路建设。推进丝绸之路建设，将有利于展开中国全方位的对外开放格局，也将为整个地区的经济发展注入新的活力和动力。我们希与地区各国共同努力，实现共同发展。

In addition, we will make vigorous efforts to move forward the development of the economic belt along the Silk Road and the 21st century maritime Silk Road initiated by President Xi Jinping. These initiatives will contribute to the development of China’s all-dimensional opening-up strategy and inject vigor and vitality into the economic growth of the entire region. We look forward to working in concert with other countries in the region to achieve common development.

张力奋：王毅先生，感谢您在密集行程中抽空接受FT和FT中文网的专访。

Zhang Lifen: Minister Wang Yi, thank you for taking time from your busy schedule to do the interview with Financial Times and FTChinese.com.