黄奇帆：牢牢把握全面深化改革的出发点和落脚点（中英对照）

牢牢把握全面深化改革的出发点和落脚点

The Fundamental Purpose of China’s Initiatives to Comprehensively Deepen Reform

黄奇帆

Huang Qifan

党的十八届三中全会讨论通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》（以下简称《决定》），是指导我们完善中国特色社会主义制度的纲领性文件。《决定》指出：必须“坚持社会主义市场经济改革方向，以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点，进一步解放思想、解放和发展社会生产力、解放和增强社会活力，坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端，努力开拓中国特色社会主义事业更加广阔的前景”。这个指导思想，充分体现了以习近平同志为总书记的党中央在新一轮改革中冲破思想观念束缚、突破利益固化藩篱的巨大政治勇气和高超改革智慧。

The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform (hereinafter referred to as the Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform, or simply as the Decision), which was recently adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee, constitutes a framework document that will guide China in its efforts to refine the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The Decision states, “We must remain committed to orienting reforms towards the development of a socialist market economy; regard promoting social equity and justice and improving the people’s wellbeing as the fundamental purpose of our initiatives; further free our minds; continue to release and develop productive forces; unleash and boost the vigor of our society; resolutely discard defects that are present in our systems and mechanisms; and strive to open up broader prospects for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.” These guiding principles fully demonstrate the immense political courage and outstanding political wisdom of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as General Secretary in breaking away from outdated ideas and notions and breaking through the barriers of solidified interests in a new round of reform.

在没有现成经验的情况下，过去35年，我们党团结带领和紧紧依靠人民群众，坚定不移地推进改革开放，不断解放思想、实事求是，不断与时俱进、探索创新，正确处理改革发展稳定关系，“摸着石头过河”，走过了一条先易后难、由浅入深、以点带面、整体推进与重点突破相促进的改革之路。改革开放开创和发展了中国特色社会主义，极大解放和发展了社会生产力，极大增强了综合国力和国际竞争力，极大丰富了人民群众物质文化生活。大量事实证明，改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，是党和人民事业大踏步赶上时代的重要法宝。

By rallying the people together under its leadership and relying closely on their support, the Communist Party of China has steadfastly pressed ahead with a policy of reform and opening up over the last 35 years, despite having no prior experience to draw upon in this regard. During this time, we have made constant efforts to free the mind, to seek truth from facts, to keep up with the times, to make innovations and explorations, and to balance the relationship between reform, development, and stability. By “feeling out the stones to cross the river,” we have paved an approach to reform that sees easier issues being tackled before more difficult ones, that goes from shallow to deep, that draws on key initiatives to promote widespread change, and that creates a mutually reinforcing relationship between progress on the whole and breakthroughs in key areas. China’s reform and opening up drive has led to the creation and development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It has greatly liberated and developed the country’s productive forces, considerably increased China’s overall national strength and international competitiveness, and significantly enriched the Chinese people’s material and cultural life. A wealth of facts demonstrate that reform and opening up has been the single most crucial decision in the shaping of the China that we see today, and that reform and opening up is among the key reasons why the cause of the Party and the people has been able to catch up with the times at such an extraordinary pace.

改革作为社会主义制度的自我完善，具有系统性、整体性、协同性特点。我国的改革事业，一方面，好改和容易改的领域和环节已基本到位，但关系复杂、利益冲突多、协调难度大的方面还依然存在，改革已进入攻坚期和深水区。另一方面，在世情、国情、党情发生深刻变化的背景下，改革取向从基于当时生产力水平的“效率优先、兼顾公平”进入到“兼顾效率和公平、更加注重公平”的新阶段。我们党注重对社会主义改革的规律性认识，顺应社会关切，代表人民意愿，直面风险挑战，把“全面深化改革必须以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点”写入《决定》，指明了新一轮改革的正确方向，体现了我们党坚持权利公平、机会公平、规则公平，使发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民这一鲜明的执政理念。坚持这一指导思想，必将凝聚社会共识，形成改革合力，发挥亿万人民的主体作用，朝着《决定》指引的方向锐意进取。可以预见，随着各项改革的推进，改革红利必将逐步释放，并不断惠及人民群众。

As a means for the self-improvement of the socialist system, China’s reform has the prominent features of being systematic, integrated, and coordinated. On the one hand, with most of the easier reforms having already been completed, we are now mainly left with difficult reforms that involve complicated relationships and conflicting interests, signaling that China’s reforms have now entered more challenging territory. On the other hand, against the backdrop of the profound changes that have taken place globally, nationally, and within the Party, the orientation of China’s reform is shifting from “giving priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness,” which was based on the level of productive forces in the past, to “giving consideration to both efficiency and fairness, with greater emphasis on fairness.” Under such circumstances, laying emphasis on grasping the laws governing socialist reform, responding to public concerns, representing the will of the people, and confronting risks and challenges head-on, the CPC has incorporated the statement “we must regard promoting social equity and justice and improving public wellbeing as the fundamental purpose of our efforts to comprehensively deepen reform” into the Decision on Comprehensively Deepen Reform. This statement has charted the course of our next round of reform. It comes as a sign that the Party is maintaining its commitment to a distinctive governing philosophy that strives for equality with regard to rights, opportunities, and rules, and that strives to ensure that all of the people can benefit from the fruits of development more fairly and more thoroughly. With this statement as our guideline, we will be able to rally consensus among society, converge efforts behind reform, give play to the principal role of the people, and march forwards with great determination on the course that the Decision has set. As reforms continue to progress, the dividends that they create will gradually be released, allowing the people to benefit on a constant basis.

《决定》坚持以经济建设为中心，充分发挥经济体制改革牵引作用，对政治体制、文化体制、社会体制、生态文明体制以及党的制度等各方面改革都作了全面部署。各个部分都充分融入了“以促进社会公平正义、增进人民福祉为出发点和落脚点”的思想。从经济体制改革的角度看，所有改革措施都体现了这样的意境。

The Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform continues to identify economic development as the central task of the country. With a view to leveraging the role of economic reform as a driving force, it has laid down comprehensive plans for political, cultural, and social reforms, for the reform of institutions pertaining to ecological progress, and for the reform of systems concerning the Party. The idea that promoting social fairness and justice and improving public wellbeing constitutes the fundamental purpose of reform has been fully incorporated throughout all parts of the Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform. From the perspective of economic reform, all of the reform measures that have been presented in the document are demonstrative of this principle.