朱之鑫：全面正确履行政府职能（中英对照）

中文版：全面正确履行政府职能.doc

英文版：Fulfilling Government Functions Fully and Correctly.doc

全面正确履行政府职能

Fulfilling Government Functions Fully and Correctly

 

朱之鑫

Zhu Zhixin

 

全面正确履行政府职能是处理好政府与市场、政府与社会关系的核心环节。党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》（以下简称《决定》），着眼于我国发展和改革全局，系统阐述了全面正确履行政府职能的总体要求，为加快转变政府职能、进一步简政放权、更好发挥政府作用指明了方向。

 

The full and correct fulfillment of government functions represents the core aspect of our efforts to balance the relationship between the government, the market, and society. […]

 

一、充分认识全面正确履行政府职能的重要意义

I. The significance of fulfilling government functions fully and correctly

 

（一）全面正确履行政府职能是完善社会主义市场经济体制的内在要求

 

1. The full and correct fulfillment of government functions is an inherent requirement for improving the socialist market economy

 

改革开放以来，我国经济基础发生了广泛而深刻的变化，适应经济基础的变化，政府职能转变不断推进，为改革开放和现代化建设提供了重要保障。但从总体上看，政府职能转变仍然比较滞后，政府直接配置资源的范围仍然过大，对微观经济主体的干预仍然较多，公共服务供给仍然不足，市场监管和社会管理仍然相对薄弱。在社会主义市场经济条件下，政府应为市场主体服务，通过保护市场主体的合法权益，维护公平竞争的市场秩序，激发社会成员创造财富的积极性。新形势下，推动我国经济发展从主要依靠要素投入和规模扩张为主，逐步转向创新驱动和提高效率为主，更需要政府进一步转变职能，为市场主体充分发挥作用腾出空间，以增强全社会的创新活力。只有全面正确履行政府职能，把该放的权力放开、放到位，把应该由市场承担的职能交给市场，推动政府职能向创造良好发展环境、提供优质公共服务、维护社会公平正义转变，切实用好“看得见的手”、充分用足“看不见的手”，才能充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，促进社会主义市场经济体制不断完善。

 

Since the reform and opening up drive began in 1978, China has constantly advanced the transformation of government functions in response to a changing economic base. The transformation of government functions has provided an important guarantee for the success of the country’s initiatives in reform, opening up, and modernization. Despite this, however, China’s efforts to transform government functions are still falling short on the whole. The scope of direct resource allocation by the government is still too large; there is still too much government interference in the micro-economy; the provision of public services remains insufficient; and market regulation and social administration are still relatively weak. In the socialist market economy, the role of the government should be to serve market entities. By protecting the legitimate rights and interests of market entities, the government should safeguard fair competition in the market and encourage members of society to create wealth. Therefore, under new circumstances, it is important that the government fulfills its functions fully and correctly. Powers that should not rest with the government should be fully relinquished; roles that belong to the market need to be placed in the hands of the market; and the functions of the government should be shifted towards creating a sound environment for development, providing quality public services, and safeguarding social fairness and justice. Only by doing so will we be able to fully exert the decisive role of the market in allocating resources, and provide society as a whole with stronger motivation to engage in innovation.

 

（二）全面正确履行政府职能是适应我国经济社会结构深刻变化的迫切要求

 

2. The full and correct fulfillment of government functions is a pressing requirement for adapting to profound changes in our economic and social structures

 

我国经济体制深刻变革，社会结构深刻变动，利益格局深刻调整，思想观念深刻变化，在给我国发展进步带来巨大活力的同时，也给政府管理带来诸多新情况新问题。比如，市场机制作用范围扩大，政府与市场的相互关系更加复杂；不同社会群体利益诉求差异扩大，利益主体日趋多元化；公共服务需求全面快速增长，满足多样化需求的压力增大；社会流动性增强，流动人口规模扩大；互联网迅速普及，信息传播更加快捷；公众环境意识增强，环境问题引发的群体性事件增多，等等。这就要求政府强化公共服务、社会管理和环境保护等职能，提供优质高效的公共服务，创新社会管理方式，加强环境保护和生态建设。只有全面正确履行政府职能，把该管的事情管好、管到位，才能适应经济社会结构的调整变化，更好地满足人民群众的新期待。

 

Profound changes are everywhere to be found in China—in economic and social structures, in the balance of interests, and in the way that people think. While these changes have provided considerable stimulus for the country’s development and progress, they have also presented us with numerous new situations and new problems in government administration. Some of the examples include the following: as the role of the market has continued to expand, the relationship between the government and the market has become more complex; as different social groups continue to display different demands, the diversity of interests across society as a whole is becoming increasingly great; with rapid growth in the demand for various public services, it is becoming more difficult for the government to provide diversified public services; as social mobility has increased, the floating population has become increasingly large; with the rapid spread of the Internet, information can now be transmitted faster and with greater ease; and as people become more environmentally conscious, public disturbances resulting from environmental issues are growing in number. In order to address these new situations and problems, the government must give stronger play to its functions in public service provision, social administration, and environmental protection. This means that it must provide quality and efficient public services, exercise social administration in an innovative way, and make greater efforts to protect the environment and conserve ecosystems. Only by fulfilling its functions fully and correctly and performing the roles that it is supposed to perform in a sound and thorough manner will the government be able to adapt to economic and social change and meet the rising expectations of the people.

 

（三）全面正确履行政府职能是坚持人民主体地位的根本要求

 

3. The full and correct fulfillment of government functions is a fundamental requirement for maintaining the principal position of the people in our country

 

党的十八大报告提出，中国特色社会主义是亿万人民自己的事业。要最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家事务和社会事务。让人民群众依法参与国家和社会事务管理，有利于更好地发挥人民的主人翁精神，推动社会和谐发展。应该看到，人民群众在物质生活需求得到满足后，对社会参与和自我价值实现的需求不断提升，民主意识、权利意识和监督意识也不断增强。这就要求更好地发挥社会力量和社会组织的作用，提高人民群众的认同感和参与度，充分调动人民群众在自我管理、自我服务方面的积极性、能动性和创造性。只有全面正确履行政府职能，把社会能够承担的职能交给社会，政府集中力量去管好社会组织能力不及的领域，才能在新形势下激发社会活力，最大程度调动一切积极因素，为实现社会公平正义和促进社会和谐进步创造更加有利的制度环境。

 

[…] Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a cause for hundreds of millions of Chinese people. Now that their basic material needs have been satisfied, the Chinese people are demonstrating a growing demand for social participation and self-fulfillment, as well as a greater awareness of concepts such as democracy, rights, and public supervision. Bearing this in mind, the government should make more effective use of social forces and social organizations, enhance public identification with and participation in socialism with Chinese characteristics, and give full play to the enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity of the public in the management of their own affairs and the provision of their own services. Only by fulfilling its functions fully and correctly, allowing social organizations to assume the roles that they are capable of assuming, and focusing its efforts on areas that are beyond the reach of social organizations will the government be able, under the new circumstances, to energize society, mobilize all positive forces, and create an institutional environment that is more conducive to achieving social fairness and justice and to promoting social harmony and progress.