李伟：坚定不移地走中国特色改革道路（中英对照）

三、坚定不移地走中国特色改革道路要处理好的几个重要关系

III. Several major relationships that must be properly balanced as we remain committed to a distinctively Chinese approach to reform

新时期的改革，涉及面更广，调整利益格局更加艰难。我们应以全球视野、战略思维，深化改革理论研究，密切结合世情、国情，科学认识全球结构调整和体制变革的方向、趋势，正确把握改革脉搏和改革规律，提升驾驭改革的综合能力，减少失误，确保三中全会提出的改革任务圆满完成。

As our reforms expand into more areas in the period ahead, it will become increasingly difficult for us to balance different interests. Therefore, we need to adopt a global perspective, think strategically, and deepen our efforts to study theories concerning reform. By closely following the global situation as well as the situation in China, we need to accurately read trends in global restructuring and institutional change, correctly identify the course and objective laws of reform, enhance our overall ability to steer the direction of reform, and limit the number of mistakes we make, so as to ensure the full accomplishment of the tasks set out at the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the CPC.

第一，处理好理论指导与实践探索的关系。在具有13亿多人口的中国推进改革，是前无古人的伟大壮举。在这个过程中，会遇到难以预料的困难和风险。对尚无把握的改革，采取鼓励探索、允许部分地区和部分行业先行先试的策略，是上策选择。正是在这一策略下，中国的改革取得了巨大成就。未来的改革仍离不开实践探索，这是因为改革面临的局势可能更加复杂多变，改革的环境依然会有诸多不确定性。但改革也一刻不能离开理性思维和理论指导。理论是对实践经验的总结，在正确理论的指导下设计改革方案、推进方案落实，可以使改革少走弯路、少付代价。

First, we should balance the relationship between theoretical guidance and exploration in practice. The implementation of reform in China, a country with a population of more than 1.3 billion people, represents a feat of unprecedented proportions. During the course of reform, we are sure to encounter unexpected difficulties and risks. Faced with this uncertainty, our best choice is to encourage exploration, allowing certain regions and industries to take the lead in trying new things. In fact, this strategy is the reason why China’s reforms have been so hugely successful. Going forwards, explorations through practice will still constitute an essential part of our reforms. This is because the situation facing reform is likely to become increasingly complex and unpredictable, and because there are still a number of uncertainties surrounding reform. However, important as explorations through practice may be, our reforms can never be separated from rational thinking and the guidance that comes from theory. Theory represents the summarization of the experience that has been gained through practice. By formulating a reform plan and implementing it under the guidance of correct theories, we can ensure that our reforms are less costly and less likely to result in detours.

第二，处理好加强党的统一领导与发挥各方创造性的关系。新时期的改革是全面的改革，是需要“啃硬骨头”的改革，更需统一部署、协同推进。党的坚强领导是深化改革的根本保证，必须强化以党中央为核心的改革领导机制，加强对各级政府的指导。当然，改革也是全体人民的事业，需要尊重群众和基层首创精神，发挥各地方、各部门和全体人民的积极性、创造性，实现上下良性互动，共同把改革推向深入。

Second, we should balance the relationship between strengthening the unified leadership of the Party and giving full play to the creativity of all participants in reform. The reforms that China has ahead of it are comprehensive in scope and challenging in nature. This means that overall planning and coordinated efforts will be required ever more than before. The firm leadership of the Party is the fundamental guarantee behind our efforts to deepen reform. We must continue to strengthen a leadership mechanism for reform in which the CPC Central Committee serves as the core, and step up the level of guidance that is provided to governments at all levels. At the same time, however, we must remember that reform is a cause for the people as a whole. Therefore, we should respect the creative spirit of the people, and give play to the enthusiasm and creativity of local governments, various government departments, and the people as a whole. By realizing sound interactions between the government and the general public, we will be able to engage in a concerted effort to deepen reform.

第三，处理好积极果敢与稳妥推进的关系。当前，中国在长期发展中积累的矛盾和风险已经凸显，不加快改革，这些问题就有可能演绎成经济社会平稳健康发展的现实威胁，国家现代化就很难迈上新台阶。我们要有危机意识，要有紧迫感，要有政治勇气，要进一步解放思想，谋定而动，大胆推进改革。同时，也要注意改革不能急于求成、盲目蛮干，防止欲速不达，事与愿违。要深入研究借鉴历史的经验和教训，细化改革方案，充分估计方案实施可能带来的影响和风险，做好应对各种挑战的预案，确保改革稳步推进。

Third, we should find a balance between advancing reform in an active and daring fashion and seeking to make progress steadily. The problems and risks that China has accumulated over the long term are now becoming apparent. If we do not step up the pace of reform, these problems could threaten the steady and healthy development of our economy and society, hindering the further modernization of the nation. Therefore, with a heightened sense of danger and urgency, we need to muster up political courage, further emancipate our minds, and act boldly to push reform forwards once a plan has been decided on. At the same time, however, we must resist the temptation to do much too soon and take care not to act rashly, as rushing ahead could hinder real progress and prevent us from achieving our intended goals in reform. We need to draw deeply from past experiences and lessons, make our reform plans more specific, and carefully evaluate the possible impacts and risks that may result from the implementation of our plans. By doing so, we will be able to prepare ourselves for a range of challenges and ensure that reform can proceed steadily.

第四，处理好效率与公平的关系。效率与公平是经济社会发展中的核心关系，是迄今为止人类社会还没有真正解决的一对矛盾。经验表明，效率低下、经济停滞，发展进程就会中断；公平缺失、社会分化，发展进程也会遭遇严重干扰，乃至政权瓦解。当前，中国经济社会发展中既存在效率不高的问题，也存在公平不够的问题，相对而言，公平不够的问题更为突出。未来的改革，应把人民的利益放在至高无上的位置，以最终实现共同富裕为导向，坚持公平与效率相统一、更加注重公平的原则，实现发展成果更多更公平地惠及全体人民。

Fourth, we need to balance the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The relationship between efficiency and fairness constitutes one of the core relationships in economic and social development. At the same time, it is also a contradiction that human society has yet to genuinely resolve. Experience indicates that low efficiency causes stagnation, which in turn brings development to a halt; while inequality leads to polarization, which seriously disrupts development and can even lead to the collapse of governments. In our future reforms, we need to place the interests of the people above everything else. With a view to ultimately realizing common wealth, we must maintain a commitment to the principle of balancing efficiency and fairness, with greater emphasis being placed on fairness. Through these efforts, we will ensure that all people can benefit more fairly and more thoroughly from the fruits of development.

第五，处理好经济体制改革与社会体制改革的关系。本质上，经济体制与社会体制改革的关系，是效率与公平的关系。经济体制改革的根本目的是实现经济发展方式的根本转变，着眼于释放发展潜力，激发发展活力，提高发展质量和效益。社会体制改革的根本目的是建立公平、公正、法治的社会发展方式，着眼于缩小城乡差距和收入差距，让社会更加和谐。对于中国当今所处的发展阶段而言，发展仍是硬道理，仍是解决所有问题的关键，经济体制改革仍是改革的主战场。但是，与经济体制改革相比，社会体制改革相对滞后，由此产生的问题甚为突出。所谓以拉美国家为代表的“中等收入陷阱”问题，根本问题并非经济而是社会矛盾的激化。因此要高度重视社会体制改革，创新社会管理模式，缩小城乡差距、收入差距，完善社会保障体系，积极推进社会发展方式的转变，建设和谐社会。

Fifth, we need to balance the relationship between economic and social reforms. In essence, the relationship between economic and social reforms boils down to the relationship between efficiency and fairness. The fundamental goal of economic reform is to realize a fundamental shift in the way that we achieve economic development. In our efforts to achieve this goal, we need to focus on unleashing potential for development, stimulating the vitality of development, and raising the quality and efficiency of development. The fundamental task of social reform, on the other hand, is to establish a fair, just, and law-based model for the development of society. To achieve this goal, our focus should be placed on narrowing the urban-rural divide and closing the income gap so that society can become more harmonious. At China’s current stage of development, development still constitutes the absolute principle, and the key to resolving all of China’s problems. For this reason, economic reform must continue to be the focus of our reform at present. However, social reform has nevertheless lagged behind economic reform, and this has been the cause of some prominent problems. The deep-rooted cause of the “middle-income trap,” which has troubled Latin American economies in particular, is the intensification of social conflicts, and not economic issues. Therefore, we must pay close attention to the reform of social institutions and to innovation in social management. We must narrow the urban-rural divide, close the income gap, improve social safety nets, and actively promote the transformation of the way that social development takes place with a view to building a harmonious society.

（作者：国务院发展研究中心主任）

(Author: Director of the Development Research Center of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China)