张高丽：大力推进生态文明　努力建设美丽中国（中英对照）

（五）以健全法律法规、创新体制机制为核心，加快生态文明制度建设

5. Improving laws and regulations and creating innovative systems and mechanisms to underpin ecological progress

建设生态文明，是一场涉及生产方式、生活方式、思维方式和价值观念的革命性变革，必须按照十八届三中全会的精神，加快推进生态文明体制改革，实行最严格的源头保护制度、损害赔偿制度、责任追究制度，完善环境治理和生态修复制度，用制度保护生态环境。

The establishment of an ecological civilization will revolutionize the way that we produce, live, and think, and also the values that we hold to. Working in line with the guiding principles of the Third Plenary Session, we must accelerate the pace of our efforts to deepen institutional reforms related to ecological progress. This means that we will need to implement the strictest possible systems for environmental protection at the source, damage compensation, and accountability, whilst making improvements to systems that involve environmental rectification and ecological recovery. In short, we must use institutional arrangements as a means of protecting ecological environments.    

一是进一步健全促进生态文明建设的法律法规。要加快“立改废”进程，尽快完善生态环境、土地、矿产、森林、草原等方面保护和管理的法律制度，全面清理修订现有法律法规中与生态文明建设要求不一致的内容，研究制定生物多样性保护、土壤污染防治、核安全等法律法规。与此同时，要改革生态环境保护管理体制，建立和完善严格监管所有污染物排放的环境保护管理制度，独立进行环境监管和行政执法，提高执法工作的权威性。对造成生态环境损害的责任者严格实行赔偿制度，依法追究刑事责任。

Firstly, we need to further strengthen laws and regulations with a view to promoting ecological progress. By accelerating our efforts to establish new laws, amend existing laws, and abolish outdated laws, we must work as quickly as possible to fine-tune a legal system that pertains to the protection and administration of ecological environments, land, mineral resources, forests, and grasslands. We must single out and amend any existing law that does not fully accord to requirements for promoting ecological progress, and formulate new laws and regulations pertaining to the protection of biodiversity, the prevention and control of soil pollution, and also nuclear safety. At the same time, efforts also need to be made to reform administrative systems for the protection of ecological environments. We need to establish and develop an administrative system for environmental protection whereby all discharges of pollutants are strictly monitored. We also need to ensure that environmental monitoring and administrative law enforcement are carried out on an independent basis, so as to enhance the authority that is associated with law enforcement initiatives. Those responsible for causing damage to ecological environments shall be required to provide compensation in strict accordance with regulations, and shall also be held legally accountable for the damage they cause.

二是进一步完善发展成果考核评价体系。管理必须有标准。要按照生态文明建设要求，将资源消耗、环境损害、生态效益指标全面纳入地方各级党委政府考核评价体系并加大权重。对限制开发区域和生态脆弱的国家扶贫开发工作重点县取消地区生产总值考核。要对已有的自然资源和生态保护、环境影响评价、节能评估审查、土地和水资源管理等制度规定，进行全面修订完善。要加强监督、严格奖惩，使各项制度成为硬约束。对领导干部实行自然资源资产离任审计，建立生态环境损害责任终身追究制。

Secondly, we must further develop systems to assess and appraise our economic development. Sound administration is only possible when there are standards to be followed. In line with requirements for promoting ecological progress, indicators such as resource consumption, environmental degradation, and ecological benefits need to be fully integrated into and given sufficient weight in the performance appraisals of Party committees and governments at all local levels. Regional GDP appraisals should be cancelled in areas where development is restricted and also in national priority counties for poverty alleviation through development where ecological environments are fragile. We need to make comprehensive efforts to amend and improve existing systems and regulations pertaining to natural resource and ecological protection, environmental impact assessments, energy saving assessments and reviews, and the management of land and water resources. In addition, we should step up our monitoring efforts, administer rewards and punishments in strict accordance with regulations, and ensure that all systems become binding. Leading cadres should be subject to natural resource asset audits before they leave office. Also, a lifelong accountability system for ecological damage should be put in place. 

三是进一步健全市场体制机制和经济政策。对水流、森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等自然生态空间进行统一确权登记，形成归属清晰、权责明确、监管有效的自然资源资产产权制度。健全国家自然资源资产管理体制，统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责。加快自然资源及其产品价格改革，全面反映市场供求、资源稀缺程度、生态环境损害成本和修复效益。坚持使用资源付费和谁污染环境、谁破坏生态谁付费原则，逐步将资源税扩展到占用各种自然生态空间。坚持谁受益、谁补偿原则，完善对重点生态功能区的生态补偿机制，推动地区间建立横向生态补偿制度。发展环保市场，推行节能量、碳排放权、排污权、水权交易制度，建立吸引社会资本投入生态环境保护的市场化机制，推行环境污染第三方治理。

Thirdly, we need to make further improvements to market mechanisms and economic policies. We will carry out the unified registration of rights to natural ecological spaces such as rivers, forests, hills, grasslands, wasteland, and tidal land, so as to establish a property right system for natural resource assets that is characterized by clear ownership, clearly defined rights and responsibilities, and effective oversight. We will improve systems for the management of our country’s natural resource assets, and perform unified ownership duties for natural resource assets that belong to the people as a whole. We will accelerate the pace of pricing reform for natural resources and natural resource products, so as to fully reflect the state of their supply and demand in the market, the extent of their scarcity, the level of ecological damage incurred as a result of their exploitation or manufacture, and the benefits of restoring such ecological environments. We must remain committed to the principle that resources should be paid for, and the principle that whoever pollutes the environment and damages ecosystems shall be responsible for providing compensation. Working on that basis, we should gradually expand the scope of resource taxation to cover the occupation of various natural ecological spaces. In line with the principle that compensation shall be provided by those who benefit, we should improve compensation mechanisms for key ecological function areas, and promote the establishment of a trans-regional ecological compensation system. At the same time, efforts also need to be made to develop the environmental protection market. We should introduce systems for the trading of energy savings, carbon emission rights, pollutant discharge rights, and water usage rights; establish market-oriented mechanisms to encourage private investment in environmental protection; and introduce third-party treatment of environmental pollution.  

（六）以促进绿色、低碳消费为重点，加快形成推进生态文明建设的良好社会氛围

6. Promoting green and low-carbon consumption in order to create a sound social atmosphere for ecological progress

生态文明建设需要全社会共同努力，良好的生态环境也为全社会所共享。必须加强宣传教育，引导全社会树立生态理念、生态道德，构建文明、节约、绿色、低碳的消费模式和生活方式，把生态文明建设牢固建立在公众思想自觉、行动自觉的基础之上，形成生态文明建设人人有责、生态文明规定人人遵守的良好风尚。

The establishment of an ecological civilization will call for widespread efforts from society as a whole, and all members of society stand to benefit from sound ecological environments. Therefore, by stepping up our publicity initiatives, we must guide our society in cultivating environmental principles and ethics, and urge members of society to embrace civilized, economical, green, and low-carbon modes of consumption and living. We must ingrain the notion of ecological progress deeply within the conscience and actions of the public, so as to create a sound social atmosphere in which all members of society take responsibility for promoting ecological progress and observe rules with regard to promoting ecological progress.

一是加快培养生态文明意识。公众的生态文明意识提高了，也就有了参与的动力和积极性，但意识的培养并非一朝一夕，需要长期的教育引导。要建立制度化、系统化、大众化的生态文明教育体系，做好国情认知教育，普及环境科学和环境法律知识，大力宣传环境污染和生态破坏的危害性，让群众认识到改善生态环境质量的紧迫性、艰巨性和长期性，充分理解和支持生态文明建设，为生态环境持续改善奠定广泛、坚实的社会基础。要努力使生态文明成为主流价值观并在全社会普及，通过让生态文明知识理念进课本、进课堂、进校园，提高青少年对节约资源、保护环境重要性认识，树立正确的生态价值观和道德观。

Firstly, we must accelerate our efforts to raise awareness of ecological progress. Once the public has a higher awareness of ecological progress, they will be more motivated to participate in the effort to achieve it. However, this awareness is not something that can be cultivated overnight, and a long-term effort will be required to inform and guide the public. We need to establish an institutionalized, systematic, and publically oriented framework of measures to inform the public about ecological progress, do a sound job of making China’s national conditions known, promote greater understanding of environmental sciences and environmental laws, and engage in major efforts to publicize the dangers of environmental pollution and ecological damage. By ensuring that the public appreciates the urgent, arduous, and long-term nature of our efforts to improve ecological environments, and that they fully understand and support our efforts to promote ecological progress, we will be able to lay down a widespread and solid social foundation on which constant improvements in the quality of ecological environments can be achieved. In addition, we should work to establish ecological progress as a mainstream value and spread it to all corners of our society. By introducing the subject of ecological progress in our textbooks, classrooms, and schools, we will help young people to understand the importance of conserving resources and protecting environments. This will play an important role in establishing the correct environmental values and ethics in our youth.  

二是积极倡导绿色生活方式。推进生态文明建设，必须改变不合理的消费方式。当前，要以落实中央八项规定为契机，坚决反对享乐主义、奢靡之风，引导居民合理适度消费，鼓励购买绿色低碳产品，使用环保可循环利用产品，深入开展反食品浪费等行动，使节约光荣、浪费可耻的社会氛围更加浓厚。

Secondly, we need to actively advocate green lifestyles. In order to promote ecological progress, it is essential that we put an end to irrational modes of consumption. Capitalizing on the opportunity provided by the introduction of the “eight-point code of conduct” of the CPC Central Committee, we must staunchly oppose hedonism and extravagance, urge the public to consume rationally, encourage the purchase and use of green, low-carbon, environmentally friendly, and recyclable products, and launch penetrating schemes to oppose the waste of food. Through these efforts, we will work to foster a stronger social consensus around the idea that living economically is a virtue while being wasteful is shameful.

三是有效发挥公众监督作用。公众对生态环境的监督最直接、最有效。要主动及时公开环境信息，提高透明度，更好落实广大人民群众的知情权、监督权，积极发挥新闻媒体和民间组织作用，自觉接受舆论和社会监督。

Thirdly, we need to make effective use of public oversight. Public oversight represents the most direct and effective means of monitoring ecological environments. To better ensure that the public can enjoy the right to stay informed about and monitor environmental issues, we need to take the initiative in promptly making environmental information public and raising transparency. At the same time, we also need to actively give play to the role of the news media and non-government organizations, so as to consciously subject ourselves to media and social oversight.

生态文明建设功在当代、利在千秋，关系到中华民族生存发展和伟大复兴，任务艰巨繁重而又光荣。“锲而不舍，金石可镂。”我们要在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，全面贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届三中全会精神，大力推进生态文明建设，努力建设美丽中国，为全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而不懈奋斗！

The efforts that we make now to promote ecological progress will benefit us for years to come. As an arduous yet glorious mission, the building of an ecological civilization will have a direct bearing on the survival, the development, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is therefore essential that we continue to forge ahead with dedication and perseverance. Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping as General Secretary, we must fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth National Congress of the CPC and the Third Plenary Session, work vigorously to promote ecological progress, strive to build a beautiful China, and engage in a tireless effort to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.