中文版:加快建设社会主义法治国家.doc 加快建设社会主义法治国家 Accelerating
the Establishment of Socialist Rule of Law in China
习近平 Xi Jinping
坚定不移走中国特色社会主义法治道路 Remaining
committed to the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics
全面推进依法治国,必须走对路。如果路走错了,南辕北辙了,那再提什么要求和举措也都没有意义了。全会决定有一条贯穿全篇的红线,这就是坚持和拓展中国特色社会主义法治道路。中国特色社会主义法治道路是一个管总的东西。具体讲我国法治建设的成就,大大小小可以列举出十几条、几十条,但归结起来就是开辟了中国特色社会主义法治道路这一条。
In comprehensively advancing the
rule of law in China, it is imperative that we take the right path. A wrong
path will take us to the very opposite of what we are trying to accomplish and,
if that happens, no requirement or measure we introduce will mean anything.
There is a core theme that runs through the resolution we have adopted at this
plenary session, and that is the necessity of keeping to and expanding the path
of socialist rule of law with Chinese Characteristics. This path constitutes an
overall guideline. That is to say, China has made dozens of achievements in its
efforts to establish the rule of law, some large and some small. But ultimately
these achievements boil down to one thing, and that is the path of socialist
rule of law with Chinese Characteristics.
恩格斯说过:“一个新的纲领毕竟总是一面公开树立起来的旗帜,而外界就根据它来判断这个党。”推进任何一项工作,只要我们党旗帜鲜明了,全党都行动起来了,全社会就会跟着走。一个政党执政,最怕的是在重大问题上态度不坚定,结果社会上对有关问题沸沸扬扬、莫衷一是,别有用心的人趁机煽风点火、蛊惑搅和,最终没有不出事的!所以,道路问题不能含糊,必须向全社会释放正确而又明确的信号。
Engels once said, “A new program
is after all a banner planted in public, and the outside world judges the party
by it.” In any initiative we introduce, the public will stand behind the CPC as
long as its banner is clear and its members step into action. The worst mistake
a governing party can commit is to show indecisiveness on matters of extreme
importance, standing by as the public debate rages on and division grows.
Consequently, those with ulterior motives will fan the flames of discontent,
lead the public astray, and stir up trouble. In the end a mishap is bound to
occur! So, there is no room for ambiguity in the question of our path. We must
send a clear and correct signal to the public.
这次全会部署全面推进依法治国,是我们党在治国理政上的自我完善、自我提高,不是在别人压力下做的。在坚持和拓展中国特色社会主义法治道路这个根本问题上,我们要树立自信、保持定力。走中国特色社会主义法治道路是一个重大课题,有许多东西需要深入探索,但基本的东西必须长期坚持。
The decision to lay out plans for
comprehensively advancing the rule of law at this plenary session reflects the
CPC’s will to enhance its capacity for national governance. This is not
something that we have been pressured into doing. On the fundamental issue of
keeping to and expanding the path of socialist rule of law with Chinese
Characteristics, we need to demonstrate both confidence and resolve. This is a
major proposition, and there are many things that will need to be explored and
considered in depth. But the fundamental elements of this path must be
permanently upheld.
第一,必须坚持中国共产党的领导。 First,
we must uphold the leadership of the CPC.
党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征,是社会主义法治最根本的保证。坚持中国特色社会主义法治道路,最根本的是坚持中国共产党的领导。依法治国是我们党提出来的,把依法治国上升为党领导人民治理国家的基本方略也是我们党提出来的,而且党一直带领人民在实践中推进依法治国。全面推进依法治国,要有利于加强和改善党的领导,有利于巩固党的执政地位、完成党的执政使命,决不是要削弱党的领导。
Leadership by the CPC is the
underlying feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the most
fundamental guarantee for socialist rule of law. In upholding the path of
socialist rule of law with Chinese Characteristics, the most important thing is
that we uphold the leadership of the CPC. The CPC was the first to propose the
rule of law in China; and the first to propose enshrining it as a fundamental
principle by which the Party leads the people in governing the country. In
addition, the CPC has been leading the people in advancing the rule of law in
practice. Therefore, our efforts to comprehensively advance the rule of law in
China must be conducive to strengthening and improving the leadership of the
CPC, to bolstering its position as the governing party, and to accomplishing
its mission in governing the country. In absolutely no way does this amount to
weakening the leadership of the CPC.
坚持党的领导,是社会主义法治的根本要求,是全面推进依法治国题中应有之义。要把党的领导贯彻到依法治国全过程和各方面,坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一。只有在党的领导下依法治国、厉行法治,人民当家作主才能充分实现,国家和社会生活法治化才能有序推进。
Leadership by the CPC is a
fundamental requirement of the socialist rule of law, and an integral part of
our efforts to comprehensively advance the rule of law in China. We need to
build CPC leadership into all aspects and processes of law-based governance,
ensuring that an organic balance can be maintained between the leadership of
the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule
of law. Only when the rule of law is enforced strictly under the leadership of
the CPC will the people fully realize their role as masters of the country, and
only then will the introduction of the rule of law into national and social
affairs take place smoothly.
坚持党的领导,不是一句空的口号,必须具体体现在党领导立法、保证执法、支持司法、带头守法上。一方面,要坚持党总揽全局、协调各方的领导核心作用,统筹依法治国各领域工作,确保党的主张贯彻到依法治国全过程和各方面。另一方面,要改善党对依法治国的领导,不断提高党领导依法治国的能力和水平。党既要坚持依法治国、依法执政,自觉在宪法法律范围内活动,又要发挥好各级党组织和广大党员、干部在依法治国中的政治核心作用和先锋模范作用。
Leadership by the CPC is not an
empty slogan, but something that must be manifested in practice through the
CPC’s endeavors to lead legislation, ensure law enforcement, support the
administration of justice, and lead the way in abiding by the law. On the one
hand, we need to preserve CPC’s core role in exercising overall leadership and
coordinating various efforts; bring all aspects of law-based governance under
CPC’s overall planning; and ensure that CPC’s propositions are integrated into
all aspects and processes of the rule of law. On the other hand, we need to
improve CPC’s leadership over law-based governance in China, continually
raising its capacity to lead in this regard. Not only must the CPC commit to
governing in accordance with the law, confining its activities to the
boundaries stipulated by the Constitution
and law; but it must also fully exert the role of Party organizations, members,
and officials as a leading political core and pioneer for enforcing the rule of
law.
第二,必须坚持人民主体地位。 Second,
we must uphold the principal position of the people.
我国社会主义制度保证了人民当家作主的主体地位,也保证了人民在全面推进依法治国中的主体地位。这是我们的制度优势,也是中国特色社会主义法治区别于资本主义法治的根本所在。
China’s socialist system ensures
that the people assume the principal position as masters of the country. It
also ensures that the people are the primary actors in comprehensively
advancing the rule of law. This is a superiority of our system, and the
fundamental distinction between socialist rule of law with Chinese
characteristics and capitalist rule of law.
坚持人民主体地位,必须坚持法治为了人民、依靠人民、造福人民、保护人民。要保证人民在党的领导下,依照法律规定,通过各种途径和形式管理国家事务,管理经济和文化事业,管理社会事务。要把体现人民利益、反映人民愿望、维护人民权益、增进人民福祉落实到依法治国全过程,使法律及其实施充分体现人民意志。
To uphold the people’s principal
position in the country, we must commit to the principle that the rule of law is
for the people, dependent on the people, beneficial to the people, and there to
protect the people. We must ensure that the people, under the leadership of the
CPC, are able to administer state affairs and manage economic, cultural, and
social affairs through various channels and in various ways as provided by law.
Moreover, we must integrate the requirements of representing the people’s
interests, reflecting their wishes, protecting their rights, and furthering
their wellbeing into the whole process of our law-based governance, ensuring
that the will of the people is embodied not just in laws themselves but also in
their enforcement.
人民权益要靠法律保障,法律权威要靠人民维护。要充分调动人民群众投身依法治国实践的积极性和主动性,使全体人民都成为社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者、坚定捍卫者,使尊法、信法、守法、用法、护法成为全体人民的共同追求。
Just as the rights and interests
of the people are protected by the law, the authority of the law must be
maintained by the people. We need to motivate the public to actively involve
themselves in the practice of the rule of law; enable the people as a whole to
become loyal advocates, conscientious observers, and resolute defenders of
socialist rule of law; and ensure that all people share a common aspiration to
respect the law, trust the law, observe the law, apply the law, and defend the
law.
第三,必须坚持法律面前人人平等。 Third,
we must uphold the principle that all are equal before the law.
平等是社会主义法律的基本属性,是社会主义法治的基本要求。坚持法律面前人人平等,必须体现在立法、执法、司法、守法各个方面。任何组织和个人都必须尊重宪法法律权威,都必须在宪法法律范围内活动,都必须依照宪法法律行使权力或权利、履行职责或义务,都不得有超越宪法法律的特权。任何人违反宪法法律都要受到追究,绝不允许任何人以任何借口任何形式以言代法、以权压法、徇私枉法。
Equality is a basic attribute of
socialist law and a fundamental requirement of socialist rule of law. The
principle that all are equal before the law must be reflected in all aspects of
legislation, law enforcement, judicial practice, and law abidance. All
organizations and individuals must respect the authority of the Constitution and law; confine their
activities to the boundaries prescribed by the Constitution and law; and exercise powers, enjoy rights, perform
duties, and fulfill obligations in accordance with the Constitution and law. No organization or individual shall be
permitted to enjoy special privileges that place them above the Constitution and law. Whoever violates
the Constitution and law must face
punishment. Under no circumstances can any individual, under any pretext or in
any way, be allowed to arbitrarily override the law, place their power above
the authority of the law, or bend the law for their own personal gain.
各级领导干部在推进依法治国方面肩负着重要责任。现在,一些党员、干部仍然存在人治思想和长官意识,认为依法办事条条框框多、束缚手脚,凡事都要自己说了算,根本不知道有法律存在,大搞以言代法、以权压法。这种现象不改变,依法治国就难以真正落实。必须抓住领导干部这个“关键少数”,首先解决好思想观念问题,引导各级干部深刻认识到,维护宪法法律权威就是维护党和人民共同意志的权威,捍卫宪法法律尊严就是捍卫党和人民共同意志的尊严,保证宪法法律实施就是保证党和人民共同意志的实现。
Leading officials at all levels
have an important responsibility to assume in advancing the rule of law. At
present, there are still Party members and officials who think that the country
is under the rule of individuals, who think that they are the ones in charge,
and who think that conducting affairs in accordance with the law is overly
complicated and unnecessarily restricting. Convinced that they have the final
say in everything, they are totally oblivious to the existence of the law, and
are bent on overriding it with their authority at every turn. Not until this
state of affairs is addressed will we stand a chance of genuinely realizing the
rule of law. It is therefore imperative that we gain a hold of the “critical
minority” constituted by leading officials. First of all, we need to make sure
that they have the right mindset. We must enable officials at all levels to
understand that upholding the authority of the Constitution and law means upholding the authority of the common
will of the CPC and the people; that safeguarding the inviolability of the Constitution and law means safeguarding
the inviolability of the common will of the CPC and the people; and that
guaranteeing the enforcement of the Constitution
and law means guaranteeing the realization of the common will of the CPC
and the people.
我们必须认认真真讲法治、老老实实抓法治。各级领导干部要对法律怀有敬畏之心,带头依法办事,带头遵守法律,不断提高运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、推动发展、化解矛盾、维护稳定能力。如果在抓法治建设上喊口号、练虚功、摆花架,只是叶公好龙,并不真抓实干,短时间内可能看不出什么大的危害,一旦问题到了积重难返的地步,后果就是灾难性的。对各级领导干部,不管什么人,不管涉及谁,只要违反法律就要依法追究责任,绝不允许出现执法和司法的“空挡”。要把法治建设成效作为衡量各级领导班子和领导干部工作实绩重要内容,把能不能遵守法律、依法办事作为考察干部重要依据。
It is essential that we are
earnest in our efforts to promote and enforce the rule of law. Leading
officials at all levels must have reverence for the law, lead the way in
conducting affairs in accordance with the law, and set a good example in
observing the law. They must strive to become more adept at using law-based
thinking and approaches to deepen the reform, promote development, resolve
conflicts, and maintain stability. In the short term, it might not appear
harmful to simply shout out slogans, put on appearances, and feign support as
opposed to taking real action. But the moment problems grow beyond our ability
to deal with them, the consequences of our inaction will be catastrophic.
Therefore, no matter who they are or who is involved, officials who break the
law must be held legally accountable for their actions. Under no circumstances
can we tolerate the existence of a “neutral gear” in our law enforcement and
judicial practice. We need to identify progress in law-based governance as an
important criterion in the performance appraisals of leading bodies and
officials at all levels. At the same time, we need to make compliance with the
law and conducting affairs in accordance with the law an important area of
consideration in the performance assessment of individual officials. |
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