王毅：坚持和平共处 推动合作共赢（中英对照）

中文版：坚持和平共处 推动合作共赢.doc 

英文版：Promoting Mutually Beneficial Cooperation Through Commitment to Peaceful Coexistence.doc

坚持和平共处 推动合作共赢

Promoting Mutually Beneficial Cooperation Through Commitment to Peaceful Coexistence

 

王毅

Wang Yi

 

一

I

 

60年前，周恩来总理访问印度和缅甸，同两国领导人共同倡导互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处五项原则，开启了发展中国家捍卫国家独立和主权、建立新型国际关系的历史进程，成为国际关系史上的伟大创举。五项原则在亚洲大地上诞生，并迅速走向世界，成为公认的指导国际关系的基本准则。

 

In 1954, during his visits to India and Myanmar, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai, together with his two counterparts, proclaimed five principles for peaceful coexistence between countries: mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity; mutual non-aggression; mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs; equality and mutual benefit; and peaceful coexistence. As a monumental event in the history of international relations, the establishment of The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence heralded the beginning of efforts by developing countries to safeguard their national independence and sovereignty and establish a new model of international relations. Following their conception in Asia, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence spread rapidly throughout the world, becoming a universally recognized set of norms governing international relations.

 

和平共处五项原则之所以能为国际社会普遍接受，归根结底是因为它体现了平等、和平、互利等新型国际关系的本质特征，符合时代发展潮流和世界各国的共同利益。

 

Above all else, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have been widely accepted by the international community because they embody the notions of equality, peace, and mutual benefit, which are central to the new model of international relations, and because they conform to both contemporary trends and the common interests of all countries.

 

首先，和平共处五项原则强调各国主权平等，为广大发展中国家共同反抗侵略和压迫、维护国家主权提供了坚强保障。

 

Firstly, emphasizing the equality of sovereign states, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence  have provided developing countries with a strong guarantee in their joint efforts to fight against aggression and oppression and safeguard their sovereignty.

 

产生于西方资产阶级革命时期的近代国际法虽然包含国家主权平等原则，但只侧重于欧美列强。五项原则将主权平等原则拓展到新独立的发展中国家，为这些国家与殖民主义和帝国主义作斗争提供了有力指导，为如火如荼的民族独立解放运动树立了光辉旗帜。印尼万隆举行的亚非会议在五项原则基础上通过了关于国与国之间和平相处、友好合作的十项原则。不结盟运动也将五项原则作为核心原则予以采纳。在五项原则的激励和鼓舞下，越来越多亚非拉发展中国家相互声援和支持，奋起抵御外来干涉，成功走上独立自主的发展道路。

 

While the international law of the modern era, which was born out of the bourgeois revolutions of Western countries, did embody the principle that all sovereign states were equal, in practice this equality applied primarily to the Western powers. In contrast, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence extended this equality to newly independent developing countries, thereby guiding these countries in their struggle against colonialism and imperialism and giving them a glorious banner under which movements for national liberation and independence spread like wildfire. At the Asian-African Conference in Bandung, Indonesia in 1955, a ten-point declaration for world peace and cooperation was adopted on the basis of The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. Subsequently, the Non-Aligned Movement identified The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as its core stance. Taking inspiration from The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, an increasing number of developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America began voicing support for one another. Through their staunch efforts to resist foreign interference, these countries eventually succeeded in putting themselves on the path of independent development.

 

其次，和平共处五项原则倡导和平、反对战争，为各国之间通过和平方式解决争端开辟了正确路径。

 

Secondly, advocating peace and opposing war, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have established the correct approach for the settlement of disputes between countries.

 

五项原则是亚洲发展中国家智慧的结晶，体现出鲜明的求同存异思想，既为各国妥处分歧提供了指导原则，也为各国在有关争端一时难以解决的情况下发展正常的国家关系指明了方向。在五项原则基础上，中国和印度妥善解决了两国在中国西藏地区的关系问题，中国同缅甸顺利签署边界条约，这些成功实践充分体现了五项原则的生命力，为世界各国和平解决争端作出了示范。此外，在中美恢复交往并建交以及中日关系正常化进程中，五项原则也都发挥了重要指导作用。

 

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence reflect the joint wisdom of developing countries in Asia. Embodying the idea of seeking common ground while putting aside differences, they serve not only as guiding principles for the resolution of disputes between countries, but also as a guideline for normal development of bilateral relations between countries whose disputes cannot immediately be resolved. For instance, on the basis of these principles, China and India properly addressed the issue of their relations over China’s region of Tibet; while China and Myanmar concluded a border treaty. These successes fully demonstrated the strong vitality of The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, setting a good example for other countries to follow in peacefully resolving their disputes. In addition, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence also played an important guiding role in the resumption of contact and establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the US, and in the normalization of relations between China and Japan.

 

第三，和平共处五项原则旗帜鲜明地反对霸权主义和强权政治，为推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序发挥了建设性作用。

 

Thirdly, unequivocally opposing hegemony and power politics, The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have played a constructive role in building a new international political and economic order that is just and equitable.

 

冷战期间，美苏两个超级大国争霸称霸，以大欺小、恃强凌弱的行径屡屡发生。反对霸权主义和强权政治，建立一个平等、公正、合理的国际秩序是世界大多数国家和人民的共同心愿。而和平共处五项原则正是一份推动建立国际新秩序的宣言书。其中，互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政是建立国际政治新秩序的基本准则；平等互利是建立国际经济新秩序的基本准则；和平共处是基本目标。联合国大会先后通过《各国和平和睦邻关系》决议、《国际法原则宣言》、《各国经济权利和义务宪章》等文件，都包含了五项原则的内容，表明五项原则得到国际社会广泛认同。邓小平同志明确提出，以和平共处五项原则为准则建立国际政治经济新秩序。事实证明，五项原则的旗帜举得越高，就越有利于早日建立更为公正合理的国际秩序。

 

During the Cold War, the world’s two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, frequently bullied smaller countries as they contended for global supremacy and dominance. The majority of countries and peoples around the world opposed hegemony and power politics, and shared a common desire for an international order that was equal, just, and equitable. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, in essence, constituted a declaration for the establishment of such a new international order. Of these principles, mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, and mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs were the basic principles for establishing a new international political order; equality and mutual benefit were the basic principles for establishing a new international economic order; and peaceful coexistence was the basic goal. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have been incorporated into a number of documents adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, such as the Resolution of Peaceful and Neighborly Relations Among States, the Declaration on Principles of International Law, and the Charter of Rights and Obligations of National Economies, demonstrating that these principles have been widely recognized by the international community. As fact has demonstrated, the higher the banner of The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence is held, the more favorable the conditions will be for the establishment of a more just and equitable international order at an early date.

 

二

II

 

和平共处五项原则是一个与时俱进的思想体系。60年来，五项原则从指导不同社会制度国家间相处的准则扩展为指导一般国际关系的基本原则，从双边范畴扩展到多边领域，从用于解决国与国关系问题发展到解决一国内部的某些问题，其内涵随着时代发展不断丰富，适用范围随着国际形势演变不断拓宽，展现出旺盛的生机和活力。当前，和平与发展已成为世界的主流，世界多极化、经济全球化、社会信息化深入发展，各国相互依存日益紧密，面临的共同机遇和挑战同步上升。我们应当适应形势发展的要求，赋予和平共处五项原则新的时代内涵，推动国际社会朝着携手共进、合作共赢的方向不断迈进。

 

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence represent a body of ideas that has evolved with the times. Over the past six decades, they have grown from a set of principles governing interactions between countries with different social systems to a set of norms for international relations in general; their scope has expanded from bilateral relations to multilateral relations; and their application has spread from the resolution of issues between countries to the resolution of certain issues within countries. Displaying exceptionally strong vitality, they have been enriched as the times have changed, and have found wider application as the international situation has developed. In view of a changing situation, we now need to endow these principles with new contemporary meaning, so as to continue pushing the international community in the direction of collaboration and mutually beneficial cooperation.

 

一是要尊重各国自主选择社会制度和发展道路的权利。

 

Firstly, we need to respect the right of all countries to choose their own social systems and development paths.

 

世界上没有放之四海皆准的发展模式，只有最适合本国国情的发展道路。进入21世纪，霸权主义和强权政治仍不时显现，一些西方国家以所谓民主、人权为借口推行颜色革命，对发展中国家实行新干涉主义。这严重违背主权平等和不干涉内政原则，造成有关国家和地区动荡不已，世界和平与发展受到冲击，国际社会对此应予以警惕和抵制。多元文明共存共荣、多种社会制度和发展道路互尊互鉴是历史前进方向。我们应当顺应时代潮流，积极推进国际关系民主化，推动不同文明、不同社会制度和发展道路和睦相处、取长补短、共同进步。

 

There is no universal model for development that suits all countries in the world. Rather, each country should follow a development path that is suited to its own national conditions. Though we have now entered the 21st century, hegemony and power politics have still been seen from time to time. Certain Western nations, acting under the pretexts of democracy and human rights, have instigated color revolutions and carried out a policy of new interventionism against developing countries. These actions constitute a grave violation of the principles of sovereign equality and non-interference. They have repeatedly brought chaos to the countries and regions involved, and world peace and development have suffered as a result. The international community must therefore be vigilant against and strongly oppose such actions. The path of historical advancement must be one in which different civilizations coexist and flourish together, and in which different social systems and development paths respect and learn from each other.

 

二是要增进各国共同安全。

 

Secondly, we need to strive for the common security of all nations.

 

随着各国联系交往的日益深化，各国安全利益交集不断扩大，共同安全利益不断增多，安危与共、兴衰相伴。固守零和博弈的冷战思维早已不合时宜。片面追求单边绝对安全纯属自私自利的“一厢情愿”，最终也会使自己更不安全。强化针对第三方的军事同盟加剧了局势紧张，无助于地区和世界的和平与稳定。我们应当树立共同安全的新理念，通过对话提升互信，通过合作共建和平。应当照顾各国合理安全关切，尊重各国平等参与地区和国际安全事务的权利，加强联合国及其安理会在维护国际和平与安全方面的权威，致力于实现世界的普遍和持久安全。

 

The Cold War mentality and zero sum game are now outdated notions. The one-sided pursuit of absolute unilateral security amounts to selfish and wishful thinking, and serves only to undermine one’s own security. At the same time, the strengthening of military alliances that are targeted towards specific third parties has caused tensions to rise, and has done nothing to preserve peace and stability on a regional or global level. We need to establish a new concept of common security that allows us to raise mutual trust through dialogue and build peace through cooperation. In our pursuit of universal and lasting global security, we need to take the rational security concerns of all nations into account, respect the equal rights of all nations to participate in regional and global security affairs, and enhance the authority of the United Nations and its Security Council in safeguarding international peace and security.

 

三是要推动各国互利合作、共同发展。

 

Thirdly, we need to promote mutually beneficial cooperation and common development of all countries.

 

国际金融危机的阴霾至今尚未完全消散，主要发达经济体的结构性问题仍未解决，新兴经济体增速放缓，全球经济增长动力不足。坚持同舟共济、深化互利合作、推动共同发展，是实现世界经济全面复苏和健康成长的必由之路。各国特别是主要经济体应采取负责任的宏观经济政策，加强相互沟通和协调，坚定维护和发展开放型世界经济，在开放中融合，在融合中发展。要加快各国基础设施互联互通，促进产业互接互补，加强投资、金融、科技合作，形成发达经济体和新兴经济体推动全球经济增长的“双引擎”和互利互补的新态势。我们要维护自由、开放、非歧视的多边贸易体制，反对各种形式的保护主义，引导各类区域自贸安排朝着开放包容而非对立排斥的方向发展。

 

In order to bring about full recovery and healthy growth of the world economy, it is essential that we stand together in times of difficulty, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, and promote common development. All nations, particularly the major economies, should adopt responsible macroeconomic policies, enhance mutual communication and coordination, and firmly safeguard and develop an open world economy, so as to achieve integration through openness and development through integration. We need to maintain a free, open, and unprejudiced multilateral trade system, oppose protectionism in all its forms, and guide various regional free trade arrangements in the direction of open and inclusive development as opposed to mutually exclusive development.

 

四是要共同应对全球化形势下面临的新问题和新挑战。

 

Fourthly, we need to jointly address the new issues and challenges that we are now facing against the backdrop of globalization.

 

随着全球化的深入推进，恐怖主义、气候变化、跨国犯罪、网络安全、能源资源安全、重大自然灾害等全球性问题空前突出，任何国家都难以独善其身。我们应当树立命运共同体意识，打造应对全球性问题的全球合作网络。要积极提倡多边主义，严格遵守国际法基本原则，充分发挥国际和地区多边机制的作用，形成合力。推进全球治理体系改革，使之更加公平公正，更加富有实效。注重标本兼治，在严厉打击恐怖主义、极端主义、分裂主义“三股势力”的同时，努力消除其滋生蔓延的根源。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则，发达国家在应对气候变化等问题上应率先作出更多努力，帮助发展中国家提高应对全球性挑战的能力。

 

With the continuation of globalization, global issues such as terrorism, climate change, transnational crime, cybersecurity, energy and resource security, and major natural disasters have risen unprecedentedly. These problems will spare no country. Therefore, we need to foster a sense of common destiny, and establish a global cooperation network to address global issues. We need to actively advocate multilateralism, closely abide by the fundamental principles of international law, and give full play to the role of international and regional multilateral mechanisms, so as to form synergy. At the same time, we need to push forward the reform of the global governance system in order to make it fairer, more impartial, and more effective. We also need to address both the symptoms and the root causes of terrorism, extremism, and separatism, cracking down on these activities whilst at the same time upturning the soil that allows them to breed. Moreover, in line with the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities,” developed countries should lead the way in making greater efforts to address issues such as climate change, and should aid developing countries in raising their capacity to respond to global challenges.

 

五是要扩大发展中国家在国际体系中的代表性和发言权。

 

Fifthly, developing countries need to be given fuller representation and a bigger say in the international system.

 

维护发展中国家的应有与合理权益，是五项原则始终闪耀的道义光芒。近年来，新兴市场国家和发展中国家的国际地位不断提高，西方长期垄断国际治理权力的局面被逐渐打破。但国际体系变革仍是一个长期曲折的过程。发达国家应当尽快落实包括国际货币基金组织在内的国际机构治理改革方案，同发展中国家分享国际治理权力。新兴市场国家和发展中国家应当加强南南合作，增进在国际和地区事务中的协调配合，提升发展中国家的国际制度性权力。

 

Safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries has long been a moral highlight of The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. On the one hand, developed countries should proceed as soon as possible with plans for the reform of the IMF and other international institutions, so as to share the power of international governance with developing countries. On the other hand, emerging market economies and developing countries should strengthen south-south cooperation and enhance their coordination and assistance in international and regional affairs, so as to increase the institutional power of developing countries in the international community.