谢波华大使：历史是最好的教科书（中英对照）

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历史是最好的教科书

History is the Best Textbook

 

——第二次世界大战胜利的启示

– Inspirations from the victory of the WWII

 

中国驻瓦努阿图大使 谢波华

Xie Bohua, Chinese Ambassador to Vanuatu

 

2015年8月25日

25 August, 2015

 

今年是第二次世界大战胜利70周年。70年前，当战争的硝烟散尽，人类抹去身上的血和泪，欢呼和平的曙光终于布满天空，并下定决心在以后的岁月里力避发生新的世界大战。70年来，人类凭借对和平信念的坚守，让发展成为时代的主流，度过了70个没有世界战争的春秋。中国人说，温故可以知新。当我们重温二战血雨腥风的历史，回首战后70年和平发展的幸福时光，三个重要的历史启示浮现在我们面前。

 

This year marks the 70th anniversary of the WWII. 70 years ago, the human beings made their determination to keep themselves from the occurrence of a new world war after they wiped tears and blood off their body when the flames and smoke of the war had dissipated, and cheered that the sky was finally filled with the peace sunshine. In the following 70 years, there has not been a breakout of any world war due to the fact that the mankind’s persistence on peace has made peace and development as the theme of the times. There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” When we study again the gory history of the WWII and look back the last 70 years of peace and development, three important inspirations come into our mind.

 

一、正义终将战胜邪恶

I. Justice prevails over the evil.

 

1931年9月18日，日本军国主义发动九一八事变，侵占中国东北三省，率先将法西斯罪恶战争强加给中国人民。1937年7月7日，日本在北京（平）悍然发动全面侵华战争，并迅速占领了上海、南京、武汉、广州，侵略的魔爪触及中国大半领土。1939年9月1日，德国法西斯入侵波兰，侵略的战车在欧洲大陆迅猛推进，法国全境陷落，英国遭受轰炸，莫斯科岌岌可危。1941年12月7日，日本偷袭珍珠港，发动太平洋战争，将战火烧至整个亚太地区，包括澳大利亚、新西兰、新喀里多尼亚、巴新、所罗门群岛、斐济、瓦努阿图在内的南太平洋战区，成为同盟国抗击日本侵略的重要战场之一，反法西斯战争在世界范围内全面展开。

 

On 18th September 1931, the Japanese militarists invaded Northeast China by the Mukden incident and firstly forced the Fascist war to the Chinese people. On 7 July 1937, the Japanese troops launched the full-scale aggression war against China and after the fast seizure of Shanghai, Nanjiing, Wuhan, Guangzhhou, Japan’s invasion reached the majority of China. On 1 September 1939, the Fascist Germany invaded Poland and their aggressive chariots swung forward in full pursuit in the European land. The whole France fell and the Britain was badly bombed. Moscow was also in imminent danger of falling down. On 7 September 1941, Japan attached Pearl Harbor and started the Pacific War. The Asian-Pacific region was involved in the war. The South Pacific Region including Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji and Vanuatu became a significant theater of the Allies resistance against the Japanese aggression. Then the Anti-Fascist War was fought all over the world.

 

德、日、意法西斯挑起的世界大战的罪恶罄竹难书。1937年12月，日军攻占南京后进行大规模屠杀、强奸、纵火、抢劫等战争罪行和反人类罪行，导致30万中国平民和战俘被杀害，南京城被毁三分之一，财产损失不计其数。在欧洲，德国法西斯对犹太人采取种族灭绝政策，杀害的欧洲犹太人总数大约600万，其中150万是儿童。1942年，日本在菲律宾大肆虐待美、英、澳军战俘，臭名昭著的“巴丹死亡行军”造成一万多盟军士兵无辜死去。

 

The war crimes of the Fascist Germany, Japan and Italy are too numerous to record. In December 1937 when the Japanese troops conquered Nanjing, they committed lurid war crimes against humanity such as massacre, rape, arson, robbery. The total of the slaughtered civilians and prisoners of war in the Nanjing Massacre is over 300,000. One third of Nanjing city was destroyed and the loss of property is beyond counting. In Europe, the German Fascists carried out policy of genocide against Jews. Over 6 million Jews in Europe were killed, of whom 1.5 million are children. In 1942, the Japanese army in Philippines abused the prisoners of war from the United States, Britain and Australia and the notorious Bataan death March cost over 10,000 Allied soldiers.

 

罪恶的法西斯战争让人类文明的前途和命运危在旦夕。在人类的命运和未来被黑暗重重笼罩的紧急关头，1942年1月1 日，以美英苏中为首的26个国家在华盛顿签署《联合国家宣言》，宣告世界反法西斯同盟正式建立。反法西斯国家同德意日法西斯在欧亚非的广阔战场上展开了惨烈战斗。经过包括中国人民和瓦努阿图人民在内的同盟国人民不屈不挠和坚持不懈的战斗，世界反法西斯战争最终以1945年8月15日日本宣布无条件投降而告终。德、日、意法西斯所犯下的侵略罪、战争罪和反人类罪，受到国际军事法庭的严正审判，战犯们受到应有的惩处。事实再次说明，正义必然战胜邪恶。

 

The evil Fascist war put the future of the human civilization on the verge of destruction. On 1 January 1942 when the humanity’s destiny was at a critical moment, 26 nations headed by the United States of America, Britain, Soviet Union and China signed the United Nations Declaration, which symbolized the founding of the Anti-Fascist Alliance. In the theaters across Europe, Asia and Africa, the anti-Fascist nations fought hard against the Fascist Germany, Japan and Italy. After tireless and unremitting fights by the people of the Allies including China and Vanuatu, the World War II ended with Japan’s unconditional surrender on 15 August1945. The crime of aggression, the war crime and the crimes against humanity committed by the Fascist Germany and Japan were judged by the International Military Courts and the war criminals were given due punishment. The facts proved again that justice prevails over the evil.

 

二、集体安全体系是战后70年和平的基石

II. The collective security system is the bedrock of the 70 year’s peace following the WWII.

 

第二次世界大战促使以同盟国为代表的国际社会意识到，法西斯主义和军国主义是全人类的公敌。如果人类想把法西斯主义和军国主义锁进牢笼，避免新的世界大战发生，就必须吸取国际联盟的教训，携起手来打造一个新的集体安全体系机构——联合国。

 

The WWII made the international community represented by the Allies realize that Fascism and militarism are the common enemy to the whole humanity. Also, if the humanity wants to lock the Fascism and militarism into the cage and protect itself from another world war, lessons should be learned from the failure of the League of Nations and a new organization based on the collective security system must be created. And that’s how the United Nations came into being.

 

《联合国宪章》开宗明义地将维持国际和平及安全作为联合国的宗旨，并且建立了止战维和的保障机制，不仅规定了联合国各机构以及会员国的权利、责任与义务，而且授权安理会担负起维护国际和平与安全的主要责任，规定强制行动由安理会授权，用集体安全机制替代传统的军事结盟，取代过时的丛林法则。以联合国为代表的集体安全机制体现出人类对两次世界大战的深刻反思，寄托着各国对免于战争、恐惧和匮乏、对尊重和保护人权的殷切期盼。70年来的实践证明，坚持大小国家一律平等，尊重各国独立和主权完整，以和平方式解决争端，维护以联合国为核心的集体安全机制是战后70年世界和平的重要基石，也是各国发展的根本前提。

 

At the outset, the United Nations Charter defines the purposes of the United Nations as maintaining international peace and security and puts in place safeguard mechanisms to prevent war and uphold peace. The UN Charter not only identifies the rights, responsibilities and duties of UN agencies and the member states, but also authorizes the Security Council to assume primary responsibility for upholding international peace and security and provides that coercive measures must have the mandate of the Security Council and that collective security mechanisms shall replace traditional military alliances and the outdated law of the jungle. The collective security mechanisms led by UN embodies the world’s deep reflection over the two world wars and the great yearning of all countries to be free of war, fear and want. The experience in the past 70 years proves that it is the cornerstone of the world peace after WWII and the precondition for the development of all the nations to uphold the equality of all nations regardless of their size, respect the independence and sovereignty of all nations, resolve the disputes through the peaceful means and safeguard the collective security mechanisms centering around UN.

 

三、携手合作，共同缔造人类命运共同体

III. Concerted efforts should be made to forge the community of human destiny.

 

今年是联合国成立70周年。各成员国元首和首脑将于9月下旬齐聚纽约， 重温历史，期许未来。

 

This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations. The heads of state and the government of all members of UN will gather in New York in late September to reflect on history and open up the future.

 

战后70年，特别是冷战结束以来的历史表明，和平与发展是当今时代的主题和世界各国人民的共同梦想。70年见证了在整体和平大环境下，一大批殖民地纷纷取得民族解放和国家独立，全球化的迅猛发展，科技的进步和人民生活水平的提高。然而，世界大战虽然得以避免，但局部战争和各类冲突从未间断，恐怖主义、气候变化、传染性疾病等非传统安全威胁此起彼伏；世界经济虽然大幅发展，但贫富差距呈扩大趋势，联合国在2000年确定的“千年发展目标”依然没有实现；当年反法西斯战争的历史事实虽然早有公论，但仍有人为侵略历史开脱，挑战二战胜利成果，成为地区和世界和平的隐患。在这种形势下，国际社会应该加强合作，携手缔造人类命运共同体，将地球村带向更加美好的明天。

 

The history of the 70 years following WWII, especially the years after the end of the Cold War tells that peace and development are the theme of the times and the common dream of the people all over the world. In the general peaceful environment, the 70 years witnesses the national liberation and independence of a number of colonies, the rapid development of the globalization, the fast advances of science and technology, and the great improvement of the people’s living standards. However, though a world war has been averted, local wars and various conflicts have been incessant, and non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, climate change, communicable diseases, crop up one after another; though the world economy has grown markedly, the gap between the haves and have-nots remains prominent and the Millennium Development Goals set by UN in 2000 have not yet been achieved; although the historical facts have long been made clear on the war against Fascism, there are still some who are reluctant to recognize the truth and even attempt to overturn the verdict, whitewash past crimes of aggression and challenge the fruit of the victory of WWII, which poses threats to the peace of the region and the world. Under such circumstances, the international community should strengthen cooperation and work together to forge the community of the human destiny so as to bring a better future to the global village.

 

历史是最好的教科书。二战胜利给国际社会留下宝贵的启示：

 

History is the best textbook. The victory tells the international community the following revelations:

 

——坚持通过和平手段解决争端。在全球化的今天，各国利益相互交融，应该以合作共赢为旗帜，推进各种争端的和平解决，战争是任何爱好和平的人们所不愿看到的。各国应该从伊朗核问题解决所达成的协议汲取经验，推动各类争端的和平解决。

 

First, disputes should be resolved by peaceful means. Today, globalization makes the interests of all nations interrelated and blended. It should be to uphold the banner of cooperation and win for all to promote disputes to be settled peacefully, because war is not what any peace-loving people want. All nations should learn from the agreement on the Iran nuclear issue and settle the disputes peacefully.

 

——推进国际关系民主化进程。要坚持大小国一律平等，在推进联合国改革的时候要特别重视中小国家的发言权和代表性，提高联合国的效率，健全集体安全机制。

 

Second, the democratization of international relations should be promoted. It ought to pursue the equality of all nations regardless of the size and when it comes to the UN Security Council reform, it should put more emphasis on the say and the representation of medium and small countries, improve the efficiency of the UN and sound the collective security mechanisms.

 

——集体应对各种非传统威胁。打击恐怖主义、应对气候变化、非典、埃博拉等传染病、打击毒品和人口走私等非传统安全问题，绝非某一个国家凭一己之力可以完成。只有通过国际社会的共同努力，才能更好地应对非传统安全威胁。

 

Third, concerted efforts should be made to combat against all kinds of non-traditional threats. No country can on its own deal well with non-traditional threats such as terrorism, climate change, communicable diseases like SARS, Ebola, drug and human trafficking. Only concerted efforts of the international community can better cope with non-traditional threats.

 

——缩小贫富差距。帮助发展中国家发展经济，消除贫困，依然是国际社会的重要任务。联合国千年发展目标提出15年来，贫富差距仍在扩大，发达国家应该负起责任，兑现官方发展援助承诺，在国际经济、贸易、金融、科技等方面开展切实的改革，使发展中国家真正收益，从而使占世界70%以上的人口脱离贫困，实现全人类的共同发展和和谐。

 

Fourth, the gap between the haves and have-nots should be narrowed. It still remains an important task for the international community to help developing countries develop economy and eliminate poverty. In the past 15 years since the UN Millennium Development Goals were proposed, the gap between the haves and the have-nots are still being widened. So the developed countries should shoulder due responsibilities to fulfill the promise of Official Development Aid and promote pragmatic reforms on international economy, trade, finance, science and technology and other areas to bring actual benefits to developing countries so as to lift 70% of the world’s population out of poverty and realize the harmony of common development of the whole humanity.