张军：通往亚太地区经济一体化之路（中英对照）

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通往亚太地区经济一体化之路

Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area: The Road to Better Economic Integration in the Region

 

外交部国际经济司司长 张军

Zhang Jun, Director-General of the Department of International Economic Affairs at Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PRC

 

《南华早报》，2015年11月17日

South China Morning Post, 17 November 2015

 

亚太经合组织（APEC）第二十三次领导人非正式会议将于11月18日至19日在菲律宾马尼拉举行。亚太自贸区作为亚太区域经济一体化的重要路径，势将成为会议的热点议题之一，为各方所关注。

 

The APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting will be held in Manila on Wednesday and Thursday. The proposed Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, which will serve as an important pathway for regional economic integration, is bound to be a hot topic at the meeting.

 

21年前，APEC经济体领导人在印度尼西亚茂物会议上确立了发达成员、发展中成员分别在2010、2020年实现贸易和投资自由化的“茂物目标”，自此APEC经济合作进入新时期，“茂物目标”也成为APEC合作的核心议程。此后，各经济体在追求自由开放的贸易投资进程中携手并肩、锐意进取，促进区域共同繁荣和稳定，确立了亚太地区全球经济增长引擎的地位。

 

Twenty-one years ago in Bogor, Indonesia, APEC leaders put forward the Bogor Goals that aimed to liberalise trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific’s industrialised economies by 2010, and by 2020 for developing economies. Since then, APEC has witnessed a new era in advancing economic cooperation.

 

APEC economies have endeavoured, through joint efforts, to pursue free and open trade and investment, and promote mutual prosperity and stability in the region, turning it into an engine of global economic growth.

 

20多年来，亚太经济体实现茂物目标的决心不曾动摇，探寻合作路径的脚步不曾游疑。亚太经济在乘风破浪的同时也遇到了一些新问题、新挑战。与区域贸易安排蓬勃发展相伴生，各种双诸边贸易安排交叉重叠，形成“面条碗”效应，带来合作“碎片化”风险，多边贸易体制受到影响和冲击。

 

Over the past 21 years, APEC economies have remained committed to achieving the Bogor Goals, as well as to regional cooperation. However, alongside progress, new problems and challenges have also emerged. Given the “spaghetti bowl effect” of the various overlapping regional trade arrangements, there is a risk of fragmentation.

 

面对上述挑战，APEC各经济体开始探索建立能把地区所有成员纳入其中的高水平自贸安排，亚太自贸区倡议由此应运而生，并在各方共同努力下稳步推进：2006年，APEC领导人同意将亚太自贸区作为APEC会议的长期愿景之一；2010年，各方一致同意加快亚太经济一体化步伐，继续探索建立亚太自贸区的可行路径；2014年，APEC领导人北京会议决定启动并全面、系统地推进亚太自贸区进程，批准了《北京路线图》这一纲领性文件。亚太自贸区为整合和推动贸易投资自由化、进而实现茂物目标提供了重要驱动力，也为2020年后亚太地区的经贸合作指明了方向，这都充分说明了亚太自贸区进程对于当前和今后一段时期APEC合作的重要意义。

 

Faced with such challenges, APEC economies have begun to explore a high-level free trade arrangement encompassing all members, and that was how the proposal for an Asia-Pacific free trade area came into being.

 

With the joint efforts of all economies involved, work on the free trade area has been progressing steadily: in 2006, APEC leaders agreed to make it a long-term vision; in 2010, all economies reached a consensus on speeding up the regional economic integration process, and exploring the possible pathways to a free trade area; in 2014, leaders decided to launch and promote the process by endorsing the Beijing Roadmap towards realising the free trade area.

 

A Free Trade Area for the Asia-Pacific will not only provide an important driving force for the promotion of free trade and investment, it will also take us closer to the Bogor Goals. And it shows the way for Asia-Pacific economic and trade cooperation beyond 2020. This illustrates the importance of such a free trade area to APEC, now and in the future.

 

令人高兴的是，过去一年来，各经济体按照《北京路线图》，在亚太自贸区建设特别是联合战略研究方面取得了实质进展。5月APEC贸易部长会议批准了《亚太自贸区联合战略研究工作大纲》，并成立了核心起草小组；9月第三次高官会期间，联合研究工作组批准了核心起草小组分工和各章节工作计划；各方力争在明年第一次高官会和贸易部长会议前分别形成研究报告初稿和基本定型稿，并于2016年底前如期完成联合战略研究，并向领导人提出务实建议。

 

We are glad to see that APEC economies have made substantial progress in the past year in working towards the free trade area, especially in the collective strategic study, as outlined in the Beijing Roadmap.

 

In May, the meeting of APEC ministers responsible for trade endorsed the terms of reference of the study, and established a core drafting group. During the APEC senior officials’ meeting in September, the assignments of the core drafting group and the writing plans for each chapter of the study were agreed on.

 

Now, we are trying our best to finish the first draft by the first senior officials’ meeting next year, and a more refined one by the trade ministers’ meeting.

 

We aim to complete the collective strategic study by the end of 2016, in the hope of providing some pragmatic suggestions to APEC leaders.

 

在亚太自贸区建设取得可喜成绩的同时，区域全面经济伙伴关系（RCEP）、跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定（TPP）等区域内自贸谈判也有所突破。RCEP谈判各方已进入全面实质性出要价阶段，TPP谈判也于今年10月宣告结束并成功达成协议。上述谈判将不可避免地对包括亚太自贸区在内的亚太地区经济一体化进程及方向产生影响，但亚太地区涉及范围之大、覆盖之广，决定了区域经济一体化不应该也不可能只有单一路径可循。中国有句古话叫“殊途同归”，亚太自贸区与RCEP、TPP等自贸安排间的关系绝非对立或取而代之，而是融合共通，相互借鉴补充。

 

Alongside the welcome progress of an Asia-Pacific free trade area, breakthroughs have also been observed in other regional free trade negotiations, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The former has entered the comprehensive price negotiation stage, while the TPP reached an agreement among all parties last month.

 

These negotiations will inevitably affect the process and direction of Asia-Pacific economic integration.

 

However, as the region covers a broad spectrum of economies and areas of cooperation, there is no doubt that regional economic integration should not and could not only follow one path. As an old saying goes, all roads lead to Rome. The Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific and other regional free trade arrangements neither contradict nor try to supplant one another, but are closely related, even complementary.

 

中国对有利于本地区经济融合和共同繁荣的合作倡议均持开放立场，并鼓励各方在地区经济一体化建设中秉持以下原则：一是支持多边贸易体制，推进多哈回合谈判；二是充分考虑地区内各经济体发展差异性，尊重发展中经济体特殊需求；三是实现各自贸安排彼此协调，相互促进，致力于合作共赢，避免区域经济合作碎片化、集团化、政治化。

 

China is open to all cooperation proposals that promote regional economic integration and common prosperity. We encourage all economies to adopt the following principles in advancing Asia-Pacific economic integration.

 

First, we should support the multilateral trading system, and push forward the Doha Round of world trade talks.

 

Second, we should be mindful of the different level of development among economies in the region, and show respect to the special demands of developing economies.

 

Third, we should promote coordination and synergy among different free trade arrangements to achieve win-win cooperation, so as to avoid fragmentation, conglomeration and politicisation of regional economic cooperation.

 

当前各方在亚太自贸区建设上已迈出了坚实的步伐，但仍需清醒地认识到，这样一个宏大的自贸安排绝不可能一步到位，而要分阶段，耐心细致推进。中国愿与本地区各经济体共同努力，秉持互信、包容、合作、共赢的精神，以本次APEC会议为契机，加速推进亚太自贸区进程，深化区域经济一体化，打造开放型亚太经济，共建发展、繁荣、进步的新亚太。

 

While all economies have taken firm steps to build up the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific, we should clearly recognise that such a huge free trade arrangement cannot be completed in one go. We must push it forward stage by stage, with patience and care.

 

With the opportunity afforded by the APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in Manila, China would like to work together with other economies, in the spirit of mutual trust, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation, to accelerate the realisation of the Asia-Pacific free trade area, deepen regional economic integration and build an open Asia-Pacific economy, to foster development, prosperity and advancement for the region.