一是和平出安全。和平是安全的基石，穷兵黩武无法带来美好世界。在科技高度发达和全球化的今天，战争对人类不仅是劫难，还可能导致毁灭。据联合国有关统计，到2012年底，全球难民总数达到4520万人；2004年至2009年间，全球平均每年因战争或恐怖事件死亡的人数为5.5万人，实际死亡人数还可能更高。国与国之间难免出现各种矛盾和争端，关键要坚持和平对话、政治解决的正确方向。我们主张，要以和平共处理念营造安全环境，以和平对话方式解决安全问题，以和平保障机制维护安全秩序。“欲知平直，则必准绳；欲知方圆，则必规矩”。二战后确立的国际和平秩序，是以7000万人的生命为代价换来的，是维护世界和平的进步体系。这一秩序不可动摇，也不容篡改、否定和破坏。各国都要做国际和平秩序的维护者、建设者、促进者，共同营造和谐稳定的国际和地区环境。
First, security depends on peace.
Peace is fundamental to security. Bellicosity will not bring about a better
world. Given the sophisticated technologies and the trend of globalization, war
is not only a scourge for mankind; it may even destroy human race. According to
UN statistics, by the end of 2012, the number of refugees in the world had
reached 45.2 million. Between 2004 and 2009, about 55,000 people died in war or
terrorist attacks each year, and the actual death toll may be even higher.
Differences and disputes are hardly avoidable between states. What is important
is to stick to the right direction of peaceful dialogue and political
settlement. Countries should work to foster a secure environment by upholding
the principle of peaceful coexistence, address security issues by conducting
peaceful dialogue, and maintain security order through peace mechanism. As a
Chinese saying goes, “To ensure something is straight, one needs to rely on a
marking line; to draw a perfect circle, one needs to use a compass.” The
post-war international order of peace was established at the cost of 70 million
lives; it is a progressive system for maintaining world peace. Commitment to
this system should never waver, nor should the system be overturned, negated or
undermined in any way. All countries should work to uphold, build and promote
the international peace order, and jointly create a harmonious and stable
international and regional environment.
二是发展出安全。安全问题从某种意义上说也是发展问题，发展资源之争、发展空间之争都可能引发安全冲突。只有少数国家的发展富裕，世界肯定不会安宁。只有各国、各地区、各民族共同发展、共同繁荣，才能从根本上消弭安全隐患。2010年，按人均每天1.25美元的国际贫困线，全球约有12亿贫困人口，如果按2美元的标准，约有24亿贫困人口；南方国家人均国民收入不到北方国家的四分之一。必须改变当今世界少数国家发展而广大发展中国家贫穷落后的现状。没有多数国家的共同发展就谈不上世界的发展。减少贫困、缩小南北差距，是维护国际安全的治本之举和紧迫任务。我们主张，要倡导人类命运共同体意识，发达国家应当承担更多责任，帮助发展中国家加快发展；各国应共同努力，推动建立更加平等均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系，让发展的阳光洒遍地球每一个角落，让各国、各族人民都过上好日子。
Second, security depends on
development. Security issue is a development issue to a certain extent, as
competition for development resources and development spaces may trigger
security conflicts. The world will definitely not be peaceful with only a small
number of countries enjoying development and prosperity. Security risks may be
fundamentally removed only through common development and common prosperity of
all countries, regions and ethnic groups. In 2010, there were 1.2 billion
people living below the poverty line of 1.25 US dollars a day, or 2.4 billion
under 2 dollars a day. Countries of the South have a per capita income less
than 1/4 of countries of the North. Such a status quo, with only a small number
of countries being prosperous, and the vast developing world found in poverty
and backwardness, must be changed. There could be no development of the world
without the common development of the majority of countries. To reduce poverty
and narrow the South-North gap is the fundamental approach and urgent task to
uphold international security. We stand for enhancing the awareness of mankind
being a community of shared destiny. The developed countries should shoulder
more responsibility to help the developing countries accelerate development.
Meanwhile, all countries should work together to build a new type of global
development partnership that is more equitable and balanced, so that the
sunshine of development could reach all corners of the earth, and all countries
and peoples enjoy a good life.
三是合作出安全。当今世界许多安全问题已超越国家、地区的范围，任何一个国家都难以置身事外，也难以靠单打独斗来实现自己的绝对安全。非洲有句谚语：“纱线能捆住雄狮，只要能拧成一股绳”。寻求合作才是解决安全问题的正确选择。上海合作组织建立12年来，在合作打击“三股势力”，维护地区乃至世界和平稳定方面发挥了重要作用。中国还积极参与多种形式的国际安全合作，与20多个国家开展反恐、救灾等联合演练和防务安全合作。面对日益突出的全球性安全挑战，我们主张树立互信、互利、平等、协作的新安全观，倡导综合安全、共同安全、合作安全的新理念，使我们的地球村成为共谋发展的大舞台，而不是相互角力的竞技场。要大力拓展在网络、太空、极地等“新疆域”治理方面的国际合作。中国愿与各方一道，维护联合国在处理国际安全事务中的主要作用，积极参与上海合作组织、东盟地区论坛、亚洲相互协作与信任措施会议等地区安全对话合作机制，建立开放、包容、公平的国际和地区安全合作架构，推动国际秩序和国际体系朝着公正合理的方向发展。
Third, security depends on
cooperation. Many of the security issues in today’s world have gone beyond
national borders and regions. No country can stay aloof or achieve so-called
absolute security by itself. As an African proverb goes, “When spiders unite,
they can tie down a lion”. Cooperation is the correct choice for settling
security issues. Since its founding 12 years ago, the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO), has played an important role in combating terrorism,
separatism and extremism, and in maintaining peace and stability of the region
and the world at large. China has also taken an active part in various forms of
international security cooperation, and conducted joint exercises for
counter-terrorism and disaster-relief purposes as well as defense security
cooperation with over 20 countries. Facing growing global security challenges,
we advocate a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit,
equality and coordination, and pursue a new concept of comprehensive security,
common security and cooperation-based security, so that the global village we
live in will become a major stage for common development instead of a wrestling
field. We need to expand international cooperation in the regulation of such “new
frontiers” as the cyberspace, outer space and polar regions. China is ready to
work with all countries to uphold the main role of the United Nations in
handling international security affairs, and actively participate in regional
security dialogue cooperation mechanisms such as the SCO, the ASEAN Regional
Forum (ARF), and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures
in Asia (CICA), with a view to establishing an open, inclusive and equitable
international and regional security cooperation architecture, and making the
international order and the international system more just and reasonable.
四是共赢出安全。共赢是持久安全的“压舱石”。有一句西方谚语说，“如果商品不能跨过边界，士兵就会跨过边界”。当各国利益相互交融、同向发展时，安全冲突的风险就会大大降低。冷战已经结束20多年，但你输我赢、你衰我兴的冷战思维依然存在，一些地区战火不断与此密切相关。拉美有句谚语，“唯有益天下，方可惠本国”。我们主张，各国应摒弃零和博弈的陈旧安全观念，坚持以互利共赢为出发点和落脚点来看待和处理国际安全问题，任何国家都不能把自己的安全建立在损害他国安全的基础上；我们坚决反对以邻为壑、损人利己，反对转嫁负担、祸水外引，更反对为一己私利搞乱一个地区乃至整个世界。
Fourth, security depends on
win-win principles. Win-win principles are cornerstone for sustained security.
A Western saying goes, when goods don’t cross borders, soldiers will. The risk
of security conflict will be significantly reduced when the interests of
countries intertwine and converge. Although more than 20 years have passed
since the end of the Cold War, the zero-sum Cold War mentality still lingers,
as evidenced by the flaring wars and conflicts in some regions. A proverb in
Latin America says that only when it is good for all can it be truly good for
yourself. We maintain that countries should abandon the obsolete zero-sum
security concept and view and handle international security issues based on
mutual respect and win-win cooperation. No country should seek its own security
at the expense of the security of other countries. We are resolutely opposed to
acts that benefit oneself at others’ expense, shift trouble onto others, and
still less to say, that destabilize a region or even the whole world for the
sake of selfish interests.
中国古代典籍《易经》中有句名言：“天行健，君子以自强不息；地势坤，君子以厚德载物。”清华大学的校训即源于此。这句话的意思是说，宇宙运转永不停息，有志之士应奋发图强、奋斗不止；大地气势磅礴宽广，有志之士应胸怀天下、容载万物。通向和平的道路虽然崎岖艰难，但和平是人类的共同理想，是时代的潮流所向。希望热爱和平的各国人民和有识之士行动起来，同心求和平、凝神谋发展、携手促安全，共同推动建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
According to the Chinese classic Book of Change, as heaven maintains vigor through movements, a gentleman should constantly strive for self-perfection; as earth’s condition is receptive devotion, a gentleman should hold the outer world with broad mind. This is where the motto of Tsinghua University comes from. Although the path towards peace is tortuous and difficult, peace is the common ideal of mankind and the trend of the times. I hope that peace-loving and visionary people of all countries will work together to pursue peace, development and security, and build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. |
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