国际货币基金组织总裁拉加德在关于可持续发展的高层论坛上的发言（中英对照）

英文版：The Triple Challenge Facing the Global Economy.doc

中文版：在关于可持续发展的高层论坛上的发言.doc

The Triple Challenge Facing the Global Economy

全球经济面临的三重挑战

 

--An Address to the High-Level Forum on Sustainable Development

——在关于可持续发展的高层论坛上的发言

 

Christine Lagarde, Managing Director, International Monetary Fund

克里斯蒂娜·拉加德，国际货币基金组织总裁

 

United Nations, New York, September 24, 2013

联合国，纽约，2013年9月24日

 

Mr. President, Secretary General, Your Highnesses, Excellencies:

 

尊敬的主席、秘书长、殿下、阁下：

 

We are here today for one reason and one reason only—to agree on the actions we must take as a global community to support global sustainable development.

 

今天，我们齐聚一堂，有且只有一个目的——就国际社会为支持全球可持续发展必须采取的行动达成一致意见。

 

We need 21st century policies for a 21st century global economy, which means thinking more creatively, more cohesively, and more collaboratively than in the past.

 

二十一世纪的全球经济需要二十一世纪的政策，这意味着与过去相比，我们需要更创新、更团结、更协同地思考。

 

Why? Because our planet faces a triple challenge: from economic instability, from environmental damage, and from insufficient equity. We cannot view these in isolation. Each feeds on and magnifies the other.

 

原因何在？因为地球面临经济动荡、环境破坏以及不平等带来的三重挑战。我们不能将这三个方面分开，因为它们彼此依托，互相强化。

 

So we must tackle them together. How? Three priorities: (i) get the economic foundations right; (ii) get the pricing for a green economy right; (iii) get equity right.

 

所以我们必须同时解决这三个问题。那么如何解决呢？有三个要点：（1）使经济基本面重回正轨；（2）为实现绿色经济而完善定价；（3）实现更公平增长。

 

My first point: getting the economic foundations right

 

我要说的第一点是：使经济基本面重回正轨。

 

We know that without the basics, the race is over at the starting gun. Sustainable development starts with macroeconomic stability.

 

如果没有基础，那么我们从一开始就便输了。可持续发展的基础是宏观经济稳定。

 

Exactly five years ago, the collapse of Lehman Brothers sent the global economy into a tailspin, the like of which had not been seen in half a century. Slowly but surely, we are on the road back, but we are not there yet.

 

五年前雷曼兄弟公司的倒闭使全球经济陷入半个世纪以来从未有过的混乱。我们正在缓慢地、但确定地从混乱中复苏，然而，未来还有很长的路。

 

Finishing the job means taking action across the spectrum of policies: using monetary and fiscal policies to navigate recovery, reforming the financial sector, and breaking down barriers to further growth and job creation—especially for young people.

 

要达成这一目标，我们需要在各个政策领域采取措施：用货币和财政政策引导复苏，对金融部门进行改革，并打破限制进一步增长及就业——尤其是年轻人就业——的障碍因素。

 

Working with all of our partners, the IMF is committed to this agenda. More than this, together with our 188 member countries, we are working to implement it.

 

基金组织与所有合作伙伴一起，致力于该议程。不仅如此，我们还正与188个成员国合作，努力实施该议程。

 

My second point: getting the pricing for the green economy right.

 

我要说的第二点是：为实现绿色经济而完善定价。

 

Absolutely, we need to get growth going again—but on an even better track than in the past. We know that the wrong kind of economic growth can hurt the environment, and that environmental degradation can hurt the economy.

 

毋庸置疑，我们需要恢复增长——但是，必须以比过去更好的方式增长。不当的经济增长会破坏环境，而环境恶化反过来又将伤及经济。

 

Make no mistake: it is the poorest countries that will be hit soonest and hardest. According to our friends at the World Bank, 40 percent of the land now used to grow maize in sub-Saharan Africa will no longer be able to support that crop by the 2030s, with drastic implications for the economy, food security—and peoples’ lives.

 

毫无疑问：最贫穷的国家不仅将最先受到冲击，而且将受到最严重的冲击。根据世界银行的资料，撒哈拉以南非洲目前可种植玉米的土地，到二十一世纪三十年代时，其中40%将不能再种植玉米，这会对经济、食品安全以及人们的生活造成剧烈的影响。

 

So we must make sure that the harm we do is reflected in the prices we pay.

 

所以，对环境的损害必须在定价中得到适当的反映。

 

The IMF is not an environmental organization, but we can help here. How? One example is by trying to shine a light on the murky cobweb of energy subsidies. These are enormous in scale, and they help the people who need them least. These subsidies, including tax subsidies, ate up almost $2 trillion in 2011—a whopping 2½ percent of global GDP that could have been used more wisely.

 

基金组织并不是一个环保机构，但可以尽一份力。如何去做呢？举个例子，我们努力使能源补贴中隐性的一面更明朗。能源补贴数额巨大，但却发放给了最上需要补贴的人。2011年此类补贴（包括税收补贴）规模将近2万亿美元，占据全球GDP的2.5%之多。这些资源原本可以用于更好的目的。

 

Taking action on this issue alone—energy subsidies—would be good for the budget, good for the economy, and good for the planet.

 

即便仅在能源补贴这一项上采取行动，都将给预算、经济和地球带来益处。

 

My third and final point: making growth more equitable.

 

下面是第三点，也是最后一点：实现更公平增长。

 

For too long, economists looked at growth alone, but not its distribution. We are now more keenly aware—based partly on IMF research—that a more balanced distribution of income leads to more sustained growth and greater economic stability.

 

很长一段时间里，经济学家都只研究增长，而不关注分配。现在，我们更敏锐地认识到（部分基于基金组织的研究），更平衡的收入分配能促进更持续的增长和更稳定的经济。

 

The key is greater inclusion in economic life—so all can share in prosperity and fulfill their potential. As a matter of urgency, we must step up efforts to eliminate the scourge of extreme poverty from our midst. I fully support the goal of ending extreme poverty everywhere by 2030.

 

其关键在于，经济生活应具有更高的包容性——即，所有公民都可以分享繁荣，并发挥自身潜能。当务之急是我们必须加大努力，消除极端贫困现象。我全力支持于2030年之前全面消除极端贫困的目标。

 

Also as a matter of urgency, we push for greater gender equity—in the classroom, in the workforce, in the board room. Too often, women are held back by outdated obstacles and attitudes—and, as a result, our whole society is degraded. By dismissing the contribution of women, we end up with lower income per capita—as much as 27 percent in some regions—and with lower quality lives.

 

另一个紧迫事项是我们要在教育、就业和管理层等领域推进性别平等。女性常受到旧有的障碍和偏见的限制——导致整个社会都随之退步。由于摒弃了女性的贡献，全球人均收入更低——有的地区甚至降低了27%——生活水平也因之降低。

 

The time has come for change.

 

是时候改变这一切了！

 

To sum up, the triple challenge we face today calls for stronger commitment and deeper collaboration. Let us use this forum to act—now.

 

总而言之，如今面临的三重挑战呼吁更强有力的承诺和更深层次的合作。让我们以这次论坛为契机，立即采取行动！

 

Thank you.

 

谢谢！