刘延东副总理在“中非部长级卫生合作发展会议开幕式”上的主旨演讲（中英对照）

女士们，先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

发展卫生事业，维护国民健康不仅是中非卫生合作的奋斗目标，也是国际社会的共同追求。联合国《世界卫生组织宪章》和《经济社会文化权利国际公约》都将健康定义为一项基本人权。联合国“人类发展指数”将人均期望寿命、人均受教育年限和人均国内生产总值三大指标作为衡量各成员国经济社会全面发展水平的综合尺度。2000年联合国确定的千年发展目标将健康指标放在核心位置。近年来，围绕改善国民健康的目标，各国更加注重医药卫生体制创新和制度建设，并作为促进社会安定和谐、增强民族凝聚力和社会制度吸引力、改善国际形象的国家战略和基础性制度。

To develop better health services and ensure the health of our citizens is not only the goal to be achieved through China-Africa cooperation but also the common aspiration of the international community. Health is defined as a basic human right in both the Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The UN “Human Development Index” uses three key indicators, namely, life expectancy, years of schooling and per capita GDP, as the yardstick for measuring the progress of member states in economic and social development. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) initiated by the UN in 2000 also places health-related indicators at the heart of its agenda. In recent years, to meet the goal of improving the health of the public, countries around the world have all paid more attention to making innovation in the medical and health system and strengthening institutional building, and regarded it as a fundamental national strategy for upholding social order and harmony, enhancing unity among ethnic groups, boosting the appeal of their social systems, and improving their national image in the international arena.

中国政府历来高度重视国民健康和医药卫生事业发展。1949年中华人民共和国成立初期，克服贫困落后、缺医少药等巨大困难，迅速建立起遍及城乡的预防保健网，有效控制了威胁国民健康的重大疾病；创建了以初级卫生保健为核心的医疗卫生服务体系，大幅提高了国民健康水平。改革开放30多年来，中国政府立足国情，改革创新，加大对卫生事业的投入力度，努力探索，不断完善中国特色卫生事业发展道路。特别是2009年中国政府深化医药卫生体制的改革，以“保基本、强基层、建机制”为原则，初步建立起中国基本医疗卫生制度框架，为破解医改这一世界性难题初步摸索出一套中国式的解决方法。60多年来，中国的卫生事业由弱到强，取得了一系列重要成就：

The Chinese government all along attaches great importance to the health of the public and the development of medical and health services. Soon after the founding of the People’s Republic in 1949, despite the great difficulties posed by poverty, backwardness and lack of medical professionals and products, we successfully established a health service network covering both urban and rural areas, and effectively controlled the spread of life-threatening diseases. In the meantime, we put in place a medical and health service system based on the provision of primary healthcare services, and markedly improved the health conditions of the Chinese public. In the last 30 years and more since the launch of reform and opening-up, the Chinese government has conducted reform and innovation consistent with China’s national conditions, increased input in public health, and made vigorous efforts to promote the development of health services with Chinese characteristics. Since 2009 in particular, the Chinese government has deepened its reform of the medical and health system. Following the principles of “ensuring basic medical services, bolstering support at the community level and building sound institutions”, we have established the framework of the basic medical and health system, and offered a Chinese solution to the issue of healthcare reform, which is a challenge for all governments in the world. Over the last 60 years and more, China has gradually raised the standards of its health services, and made a series of important achievements in this regard:

一是中国国民健康水平显著提高。人均期望寿命从1949年建国时的35岁提高到目前的74.83岁，孕产妇死亡率从1949年的1500/10万下降到2011年的26.1/10万，婴儿死亡率从1990年的50.2‰下降到2011年的12.1‰，提前实现了联合国千年发展目标，人类发展指数从1980年的0.407上升到2012年的0.699，居民的健康水平已处于发展中国家前列。

First, we have raised the health standards of the Chinese people by a notable margin. The average life expectancy has increased from 35 years in 1949, the year when New China was founded, to the current 74.83 years. Maternal mortality rate dropped from 1,500/100,000 in 1949 to 26.1/100,000 in 2011. Infant mortality rate fell from 50.2‰ in 1990 to 12.1‰ in 2011, meeting the MDGs ahead of schedule. Human development index rose from 0.407 in 1980 to 0.699 in 2012, making China one of the best-performing developing countries in terms of the health of the public.

二是基本公共卫生服务均等化水平明显提高。全民医保基本实现，参保人数超过13亿，覆盖面超过了95%，保障水平不断提高。在农村将儿童白血病等20种重大疾病纳入保障范围，群众的医疗负担明显减轻。同时建立了国家基本药物制度。

Second, we have ensured greater equity in the provision of basic public health services. Universal coverage of medical insurance is basically achieved. Currently, there are more than 1.3 billion subscribers of various medical insurance schemes in China, covering over 95% of the total population. The benefits of insurance are also improving. In the rural areas, we have included 20 major diseases such as childhood leukemia into the insurance scheme, and the financial burden of the public for medical services is significantly alleviated. In the meantime, the national essential medicine system has also been established in China.

三是基层医疗卫生服务体系建设显著加强。以县级医院为龙头、乡镇卫生院为骨干、村卫生室为基础的农村三级医疗卫生服务网络和以社区卫生服务为基础的新型城市卫生服务体系不断健全，城乡基本医疗服务可及性明显提高，大大方便群众就近看病。

Third, we have made significant progress in the development of community-level medical and health services. The three-tier rural health service network which takes county hospitals as the forefront, township health centers as the backbone and village clinics as the cornerstone, as well as the new type of community-based urban health service system are both being strengthened. The accessibility of urban and rural basic medical services is markedly improved, making it much easier for the people to receive medical treatment in hospitals close to their neighborhood.

四是重大疾病防治和应急动员能力不断提高。新中国成立初期，迅速消灭了天花等疾病，基本消灭和控制了鼠疫、黑热病等烈性传染病，大大减少了其他传染病。改革开放以来，疾病应急体系建设逐步健全，建立了跨地区、跨部门的联防联控及协调机制，传染病疫情网络直报系统覆盖了98%的县级以上医疗机构和4万多家乡镇卫生院和社区卫生服务机构，有效处置了传染性非典型肺炎、人感染H7N9禽流感等重大突发公共卫生事件，艾滋病疫情得到遏制，结核病防治提前实现联合国千年发展目标。

Fourth, we have enhanced our capability for the prevention and treatment of major diseases and emergency response. We eliminated diseases like smallpox, and basically eradicated and contained the spread of plague, Black Death and other highly contagious diseases, and significantly reduced the occurrence of other communicable diseases soon after the founding of the People’s Republic. Since the launch of reform and opening-up program, we have improved the system of emergency disease response, and developed a joint prevention and control mechanism featuring cross-regional and inter-agency coordination. The direct-reporting system for epidemic control now covers 98% of all the above-county-level medical institutions and over 40,000 township medical centers and community health service institutions. We have properly managed the outbreaks of major public health incidents such as SARS and human H7N9 infection, placed the spread of HIV/AIDS under effective control, and attained the MDG on tuberculosis control ahead of schedule.

五是国际交流与合作不断深化。中国积极参与全球卫生事务，广泛开展卫生领域的政府间和民间的多边、双边合作交流，积极参加国际社会、国际组织倡导的重大卫生行动。坚持向非洲等广大发展中国家提供力所能及的卫生援助，承担应尽的国际义务。从1963年起，中国政府无偿向66个发展中国家和地区派遣医疗队员2.3万人次，诊治患者2.6亿人次，为受援国提供了良好的医疗服务。

Fifth, we have deepened exchanges and cooperation with the rest of the world. China has actively contributed to global health promotion, engaged in a series of government and non-government initiatives on health cooperation at both bilateral and multilateral levels, and played an active part in major health campaigns organized by the international community and international organizations. We have continued to provide health assistance to Africa and other developing countries within the realm of our ability, and fulfilled our due international obligations. Starting from 1963, the Chinese government has sent 23,000 medical personnel to 66 developing countries and regions, treated 260 million local patients, and provided high-quality medical services for the recipient countries.

60多年来，中国卫生事业始终坚持以下理念：

China’s health promotion endeavor over the past six decades is guided by the following principles:

一是把保障全体国民的健康作为卫生事业的根本任务，放在改善民生的重要位置。维护公共医疗卫生公益性质，把基本医疗卫生制度作为公共产品向全民提供，努力办好人民满意的卫生事业。

First, we take ensuring the health of the public as the fundamental task of our health services, and place it at the heart of our efforts to improve people’s livelihood. We have taken steps to keep the non-profit nature of public health services, provided the basic medical and health system to the people as public goods, and made utmost efforts to develop health services to the satisfaction of our people.

二是立足国情，保障人民群众基本医疗卫生需求，医疗卫生资源向农村、贫困、边远地区和弱势群体倾斜。坚持预防为主，中西医并重、传统医学与现代医疗手段结合，依靠科技与教育、科研与育人结合，国家主导、社会参与、公立医疗机构与民营医疗机构结合。

Second, we work to meet people’s needs for basic medical and health services in ways consistent with China’s national conditions, and give priority to the countryside, poverty-stricken areas and remote regions as well as disadvantaged groups in allocating medical and health resources. We have followed the policy of putting prevention first, supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, integrating traditional medical science with modern medical treatment, relying on science, technology and education, matching scientific research with professional training, mobilizing the participation of the society while following the guide of the government, and leveraging the complementarity between public and private medical institutions.

三是坚持加强以农村和社区医疗卫生机构为重点的基层和基础建设，增强医疗卫生机构服务能力，健全覆盖农村和社区的卫生服务网络。

Third, we have stayed committed to strengthen the building of primary and basic medical facilities with a focus on rural and community medical institutions, enhance the capacity of medical and health institutions, and develop a health service network covering both rural and urban communities.

四是坚持医药卫生体制改革，更新观念，不断推进体制创新、管理创新、科技创新，建立既体现公益性、又富于效率、满足多样化需求的医药卫生体制机制。

Fourth, we have stayed committed to reform the medical and health system, update our thinking, promote institutional innovation and innovation in management approach and science and technology, and develop a medical and health system with a balance between non-profitability and efficiency and the ability to meet varying needs of the people.

五是坚持开放合作，广泛开展交流与合作，积极履行国际责任，参与有关国际规则的制定。

Fifth, we have stayed committed to opening-up and cooperation. We have conducted extensive exchanges and cooperation with the rest of the world, honored our international responsibilities, and participated in the making of relevant international rules.