刘振民副部长在亚太安全合作理事会第九次大会午餐会上的演讲（中英对照）

中文版：刘振民在亚太安全合作理事会第九次大会午餐会上的演讲.doc

英文版：The Evolving Security Situation in Asia and the Role of China.doc

亚洲的安全与中国的责任

The Evolving Security Situation in Asia and the Role of China

 

——外交部副部长刘振民在亚太安全合作理事会第九次大会午餐会上的演讲

--Speech by H.E. Vice Foreign Minister Liu Zhenmin at the Luncheon of the 9th CSCAP Conference

 

北京好苑建国饭店 2013年12月3日

 

尊敬的马振岗大使，

尊敬的亚太安全合作理事会（CSCAP）主席Nguyen Thai Yen Huong教授，

尊敬的CSCAP主席Leela K Ponappa大使，

女士们、先生们：

 

Ambassador Ma Zhengang,

Professor Nguyen Thai Yen Huong and

Ambassador Leela K Ponappa, co-Chairs of CSCAP,

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

很高兴应邀出席亚太安全合作理事会第九次大会。本次会议是 CSCAP首次在华举办大会，各方就涉及亚洲乃至世界的重大安全问题交换看法，有助于增进各方的相互理解和信任，为地区更紧密的安全合作献计献策。我谨代表中国外交部预祝会议取得圆满成功。

 

It’s my great pleasure to join you in the discussions at the 9th CSCAP General Conference, the first such Conference in China. I hope the discussions here on major security issues in Asia and the world will be conducive to greater mutual understanding and trust among countries and closer security cooperation in the region.

 

On behalf of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, I wish the conference a great success.

 

我愿借此机会与各位分享对亚洲安全的看法，谈一谈中国在维护亚洲安全方面所做的工作和应尽的责任。

 

Today, I would like to share some thoughts on Asian security and the role and responsibility of China.

 

谈到亚洲，最受瞩目的是亚洲的经济活力，亚洲几乎成为“经济奇迹”的代名词。同时，也有舆论认为亚洲国家经济联系紧密，但政治关系冷淡，不稳定、不安全的因素增多。如何看待亚洲的安全形势？亚洲究竟是安全的，还是不安全的？

 

In people’s minds, Asia is often seen as a dynamic economy. Yet for some people, the close economic relations among Asian countries are not matched by amicable political relations. They even believe instability and insecurity is on the rise in Asia.

 

How should we view the security situation in Asia? Is Asia secure?

 

毋庸置疑，冷战后的亚洲基本保持了和平和稳定，没有发生大规模冲突。这为亚洲国家积极参与经济全球化、聚精会神搞建设奠定了坚实基础，也带动了地区国家间关系大幅改善。当前，亚洲区域合作方兴未艾，自贸区建设、互联互通等重要领域合作不断迈出新的步伐，经济一体化持续加速，已成为世界经济增长的最大驱动力。这是亚洲当前形势的主流，也是亚洲未来发展的趋势。

 

To be fair, Asia has largely maintained peace and stability for decades after the Cold War. This has served as a solid basis for Asia to focus on economic development. Relations among Asian countries have also improved.

 

Asia is seeing new progress in regional cooperation. FTA negotiations and connectivity projects are thriving. Economic integration is picking up speed. Asia has become the biggest driving force for global economic growth. War is almost unthinkable. This is the main trend of today’s Asia. This is also the way to go for Asia.

 

与此同时，亚洲也面临不少安全挑战,既有二战残余，冷战积怨，海上和平稳定的“暗礁”等历史遗留的安全矛盾，更有自然灾害、跨国犯罪、网络安全、能源和粮食安全等日益突出的非传统安全挑战。此外，通过强化双边军事同盟寻求个别国家绝对安全的做法依然存在，一些国家间互信赤字仍待弥补。

 

Having said that, to be frank, Asia is still faced with many security challenges. Legacies of the Second World War and the Cold War, and territorial and maritime disputes continue to affect Asian security.

 

There are also growing non-traditional security challenges, such as natural disasters, transnational crimes, cyber security, energy and food security. In addition, there are still attempts in our region to seek absolute security through strengthening military alliances. The trust deficit between some countries remains large.

 

在全球化日益深入发展的今天，各国相互依存日益紧密，一荣俱荣，一损俱损，正成为命运共同体。各国办好自己的事，就是对地区和平、发展和安全的重大贡献。我认为，只有开放包容，相互尊重，加强合作，各国才能实现安全与发展的良性循环，携手营造和谐稳定的安全环境。

 

As globalization deepens, countries are more closely inter-connected than ever before, becoming a community of common destiny. As a general rule, if every country can manage its own affairs well, that would be a big contribution to regional peace, development and security.

 

In my humble submission, only with openness, inclusiveness, mutual respect and cooperation can countries achieve security and development, and create a harmonious environment for regional security.

 

针对已经发生重大变化的世界形势，上世纪90年代以来，中国在逐步深入参与地区安全合作的进程中，提出了“新安全观”理念。我们不认同基于零和博弈、武力争霸、强权政治的旧安全观，主张各国共同努力，培育以互信、互利、平等、协作为特征的新安全理念，倡导全面安全、合作安全、共同安全。简言之，就是3C安全观（Comprehensive security, Cooperative security, Common security）。

 

China put forward a concept of New Approach to Security in the 1990s. We don’t believe in the old security concept based on zero-sum game, military hegemony and power politics.

 

Countries should follow a new approach to security based on mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and collaboration. This can be called the 3C security approach, namely comprehensive security, cooperative security and common security.

 

全面安全是指安全是全方位的，具有很强的关联性。安全不仅包括军事安全，也包括经济安全、金融安全、粮食安全等。在自然灾害、跨国犯罪等综合性和跨国性安全挑战面前，任何国家都难以独善其身，解决这些问题必须综合施策。

 

Comprehensive security means that security is multi-faceted and interconnected. It includes not just military security, but also economic security, financial security and food security. Comprehensive challenges require comprehensive solutions. And no country can cope alone.

 

合作安全是指安全需要通过合作来实现。各方都要平等参与，以和平、合作的方式处理分歧。李克强总理不久前出席东亚峰会时，用“一把筷子捆在一起不容易折断”的比喻说明合作安全的重要性。每个国家都对地区安全负有责任，都应承担应有的义务。

 

Cooperative security means that security should be realized through cooperation and equal participation of all relevant parties. Disputes should be solved in a peaceful and cooperative manner.

 

At the recent EAS, Premier Li Keqiang used chopsticks as an example to show the importance of cooperative security. He said, one can’t break the chopsticks if you bundle many of them together. His message is that every country has a responsibility for regional security.

 

共同安全是指安全是所有相关方的共享安全，不能追求一国的绝对安全，或将一国的安全建立在损害他国安全的基础上。应承认安全关切的多样性，在实现自身安全利益的同时要认真考虑对方的安全关切。以东北亚为例，东北亚的安全应是涵盖所有地区国家的安全，应建立让主要当事国都平等参与的次区域安全机制，否则难以实现真正安全。

 

Common security means security for all. No country should seek absolute security for itself or its own security at the cost of others. Countries should consider the security concerns of other countries while seeking its own security.

 

习近平主席在今年博鳌亚洲论坛演讲中说到，和平犹如空气和阳光，受益而不觉，失之则难存。亚洲和平稳定的大环境来之不易，我们应如何维护和促进亚洲的安全？从新安全观出发，中方主张从以下方面努力实现地区安全。

 

For instance, true security in Northeast Asia can only be achieved with a sub-regional security mechanism ensuring the security of all relevant countries.

 

In his address to this year’s Boao Forum for Asia, President Xi Jinping said peace is just like air and sunshine. One hardly notices them, yet none can live without them. The peaceful and stable environment in Asia has not come easily.

 

What should we do to maintain and promote security in Asia? Following the new security approach, China believes that the efforts should be made in the following areas.

 

第一，推动地区经济一体化是维护亚洲安全的重要基础。发展与安全联系紧密，相互促进。没有安全，发展就没有坚实的基础。没有发展，安全就如无本之木。对于很多国家来说，发展就是最大的安全。亚洲在经济合作方面已有比较完善的框架安排，东盟与对话伙伴（10+1）、东盟与中日韩（10+3）合作等蓬勃开展，“区域全面经济伙伴关系”（RCEP）、中日韩等自贸区谈判不断推进，金融和互联互通等合作迈出坚实步伐。我们应继续推动区域合作深入发展，拉紧各国利益纽带，为亚洲的共同发展与繁荣不懈努力。

 

Firstly, promoting regional economic integration is the foundation for Asian security. Development and security are mutually reinforcing. We cannot achieve one without the other. For many countries, development is also the biggest security interest.

 

Asia has a sound framework for economic cooperation. we have 10+1 and 10+3 cooperation. RCEP and China-Japan-Korea FTA negotiations are making progress. We should continue to strengthen the bond of shared interests among countries through regional cooperation, and make efforts for the common development and prosperity of Asia.

 

第二，大国良性互动是维护亚洲安全的根本保障。大国如何相处对维护地区和平与发展至关重要。大国应客观理性看待对方战略意图，抛弃冷战思维，相互尊重对方利益和关切，合作应对全球挑战。这是地区国家的期待，也是大国的责任。

 

Secondly, good relations among major countries are a crucial factor for Asian security. They should be rational in judging each other’s strategic motives, respect each other’s interests and concerns, and work together to tackle global challenges.

 

第三，完善现有地区多边机制是维护亚洲安全的重要途径。我们应坚持多边主义，反对单边主义，东盟地区论坛、东盟防长扩大会、东亚峰会等机制包容性强，在推动非传统安全务实合作方面取得了不少积极成果，日益受到各方重视与认可，应不断完善自身机制建设，在推动地区非传统安全合作方面发挥更大作用。

 

Thirdly, existing regional mechanisms provides an important channel for promoting Asian security. We should adhere to multilateralism and oppose unilateralism. Regional mechanisms such as ARF, ADMM Plus and EAS are highly active and inclusive. They should play a bigger role in promoting regional non-traditional security cooperation.

 

第四，培育亚洲安全新架构是维护亚洲安全的必要环节。各方越来越认识到，安全合作长期滞后于经济合作不利于亚洲的长远稳定发展，建立一个符合地区实际、满足各方需要的区域安全架构势在必行。俄罗斯、印尼等国分别提出签署亚太安全合作原则宣言、印太友好合作条约等倡议，一些学者也提出了“共生安全秩序”（consociational security order）等理念，这些都是对区域安全架构的有益探讨。中方认为，这一架构应建立在新安全观基础上，应有利于促进地区经济合作和安全合作两轮驱动。当然，新架构的建立必然是渐进的过程，应遵循协商一致、不干涉内政，照顾各方舒适度等原则，从具体功能性合作入手，使各方逐步积累相互信任和舒适度。

 

Fourthly, fostering a new security architecture is a necessary part of promoting Asian security. There is a growing awareness that security cooperation in our region has lagged far behind economic cooperation. This is not in the interest of Asia’s long term development. A regional security architecture that works well for the region and caters to the needs of all parties should be established.

 

Russia and Indonesia came up with proposals such as signing a principle declaration for Asia-Pacific security cooperation and an Indo-Pacific Treaty of Amity and Cooperation. Some scholars also proposed the concept of Consociational Security Order in the Asia Pacific. All these are useful ideas.