王毅外长在“新起点、新理念、新实践—2013中国与世界”研讨会上的演讲

回顾2013年，中国外交付出了真诚与汗水，也收获了友谊和果实。盘点一年来的工作，我认为，有六大突出成果。

In 2013, China’s sincere efforts on the diplomatic front have been rewarded with friendship and achievements. Reviewing our work in the past year, I believe major achievements have been made in the following six areas.

第一，中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系提升到新阶段。今年3月，习近平总书记就任国家主席之后，首访首站就选择俄罗斯。中俄元首签署了一个份量很重的联合声明，明确承诺坚定支持对方发展复兴，坚定支持对方自主选择发展道路和社会政治制度的权利，坚定支持对方维护主权、领土完整、安全等核心利益，树立了大国之间互信合作的典范。双方签署一大批被称为“世纪合同”的合作协议，凸显出中俄关系的战略性和特殊性。从3月至今，中俄元首已5次会面，两国经济、能源、人文、地方、军事等各领域合作提升到新水平，国际战略协调与合作提升到新高度。中俄关系堪称中国对外关系中层次最高、内容最丰富的一对战略伙伴关系。

Firstly, the China-Russia Comprehensive and Strategic Partnership of Coordination has been elevated to a new stage. Russia was the first leg of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s first overseas visit in March as China’s President. The two presidents signed a joint statement that carried much weight. In the statement, the two countries explicitly committed to staunchly supporting each other’s development and revitalization, the right of independently choosing development path and social and political system and upholding such core interests as sovereignty, territorial integrity and security. It set up a fine example of mutual trust and cooperation between major countries. The two sides signed a large number of cooperation agreements which were known as agreements of the century, demonstrating the strategic and special nature of the China-Russia relations. Since last March, the two presidents of China and Russia have had five meetings, cooperation in economy, energy, culture, military and other areas as well as people-to-people and sub-national exchanges have been raised to a higher level, and international strategic coordination and cooperation between the two countries have scaled new heights. The China-Russia ties are a strategic relationship of the highest level and with the most substantive contents in China’s foreign relations.

第二，中美进入共同构建新型大国关系的新时期。历史上，大国之间，尤其是新兴大国与既有大国之间由竞争走向对抗甚至冲突，似乎成为一种难以摆脱的宿命。但在21世纪的今天，在全球化快速发展的背景下，中国不相信也不认同这个宿命，我们完全有信心，通过与美方的共同努力，来打破这一所谓“定律”。今年6月，习近平主席应邀与奥巴马总统在美国加利福尼亚州安纳伯格庄园举行会晤，就构建新型大国关系达成重要共识。习主席用三句话归纳了中美新型大国关系的内涵：一是不冲突不对抗，二是相互尊重，三是合作共赢。不冲突不对抗是必要前提，就是要改变对中美关系的负面预期，构建对中美关系前景的充分信心；相互尊重是基本原则，只有如此，中美才能求同存异，进而聚同化异，实现和谐相处；合作共赢是必由之路，只有始终坚持合作，不断加强合作，中美才能实现共赢。这个共赢，不仅是中美两家的共赢，也是世界各国的共赢。一年来，习主席同奥巴马总统2次会晤，拜登副总统访华，两国第五轮战略与经济对话、第四轮人文交流高层磋商成功举行，中美双边投资协定谈判进入实质性阶段，中美新型大国关系的内涵正在不断得到充实。

Secondly, China and the US have entered a new era of jointly building a new model of major-country relations. Historically, it seemed unavoidable for major countries, especially emerging powers and established powers, to engage in competition and eventually slip into confrontation or even conflicts. But in a rapidly globalizing world of the 21st century, China does not believe in or subscribe to such fatalism. We are fully confident in breaking this so-called “pattern” by working together with the US. In June this year, President Xi Jinping, upon invitation, had a meeting with President Obama at Annenberg Estate, California. They reached important agreement on building a new model of major-country relations. President Xi characterized this new model of major-country relationship with three defining features: no conflict or confrontation, mutual respect, and win-win cooperation. No conflict or confrontation is the necessary prerequisite. It would enable both sides to abandon bearish expectations on their relations and foster confidence in their prospects. Mutual respect is the basic principle. If this principle is not followed, the two countries will not be able to seek common ground while shelving differences, accumulate consensus while addressing differences, and live with each other in harmony. Win-win cooperation is the only way forward. If China and the US fail to continue and enhance their cooperation, they won’t achieve win-win results, which will not only benefit the two countries, but also the world at large. In 2013, President Xi and President Obama met twice. This year also saw Vice President Biden’s visit to China, the successful conclusion of the fifth round of Strategic and Economic Dialogues and the fourth round of High-level Consultation on People-to-people Exchange, and the start of substantive negotiations between China and the US on a bilateral investment treaty. All these have substantiated the new model of major-country relations between China and the US.

第三，中国周边外交开创出新局面。周边是中国安身立命之所、发展繁荣之基。中国新一届政府把周边外交放在外交全局中更加突出的重要位置上。习近平主席、李克强总理就任后首访首站都选择了周边国家，中国同周边21个国家开展国家元首和政府首脑级别交往，基本实现了高层交往全覆盖。一年来，中国积极践行惠及周边、互利共赢的合作理念，提出一系列重大合作倡议，有力加强了同周边国家的务实合作。中国坚持将心比心、以诚相待的相处之道，深化了同周边国家的政治互信。中国大力倡导开放包容、求同存异的地区精神，推动10+1、10+3、东亚峰会、上海合作组织等各种区域合作机制相互补充、相互促进，为维护地区和平、促进地区发展作出了重要贡献。今年10月，中国召开了建国以来首次周边外交工作座谈会，确立了今后5-10年中国周边外交的战略目标、基本方针和总体布局，为周边外交开辟了更加广阔的前景。

Thirdly, China has broken new ground in its neighborhood diplomacy. China’s neighborhood is crucial to its security, development and prosperity. The new government of China has given greater importance to neighborhood diplomacy in its overall diplomatic agenda. Both President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang made neighboring countries the first leg of their first overseas visits after taking office. They exchanged visits with the heads of state and government of 21 neighboring countries and there have been extensive high-level contacts between China and its neighbors. Over the past year, China has put in practice its cooperation concept of benefitting neighbors for win-win results, proposed a number of major cooperation initiatives, and has seen its practical cooperation with its neighbors enhanced. We have deepened political mutual trust with them in a spirit of treating others with every sincerity. We have vigorously advocated the regional spirit of openness, inclusiveness and agreeing to disagree, encouraged various regional cooperation mechanisms such as 10+1, 10+3, the East Asia Summit and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to complement and reinforce each other, and make significant contribution to regional peace and development. In October this year, we held the first conference on neighborhood diplomacy since the founding of the PRC, which set out the strategic objectives, basic principles and overall plan for our neighborhood diplomacy in the next five to ten years, thus opening up even greater prospects for neighborhood diplomacy.

第四，中国同广大发展中国家团结合作迈上新台阶。发展中国家是中国外交的根基。今年习近平主席访问坦桑尼亚等非洲三国，会见十多位非洲国家领导人，宣布了一系列支持非洲的新措施，签署了40多个合作文件，包含了一批有利非洲国计民生的大项目。非洲国家领导人有力批驳所谓中国在非洲推行“新殖民主义”的谬论，高度赞赏中国奉行的对非政策。习近平主席出访墨西哥等拉美三国，签署24项合作文件，与加勒比地区8国领导人分别举行双边会谈，宣布支持加勒比国家经济和社会发展的一系列新举措，受到各方热烈欢迎。中国的综合国力确实有了很大增强，但中国仍然是一个发展中国家。对中国来说，坚持发展中国家的定位，首先符合客观事实，同时也是要随时提醒自己，不论中国发展到什么程度，我们都将坚持为发展中国家说话办事，坚定维护发展中国家的正当权利和共同利益。

Fourthly, the unity and cooperation between China and other developing countries have come to a new phase. Developing countries are the foundation for China’s diplomacy. In 2013, President Xi Jinping visited Tanzania and two other African countries, met with over 10 African leaders, announced a host of new measures supporting Africa, and signed over 40 cooperation agreements with them, including major projects that bear on their national development and people’s wellbeing. Meanwhile, African leaders have forcefully refuted the so-called “neo-colonialism” by China in Africa, and have highly appreciated China’s policy towards Africa. In addition, President Xi Jinping visited Mexico and two other Latin American countries this year. During the trip, he signed 24 cooperation documents, had bilateral talks with leaders from eight Caribbean countries, and announced a set of new measures supporting the economic and social development of Caribbean countries. All this has been very well received. Notwithstanding a substantial increase in its aggregate national strength, China has remained a developing country. This is an objective fact that we should recognize, and it will remind us that no matter how far we go in the course of development, we should always speak for developing countries, act in their interests, and firmly uphold their legitimate rights and shared interests.

第五，中国的负责任大国作用得到新体现。作为联合国安理会常任理事国，中国时刻意识到自己肩负的国际责任和义务，一年来积极参与解决重大国际和地区问题。中国是世界和平的维护者。不论是在叙利亚局势战与和的紧要关头，还是伊朗核问题谈判进与退的关键时刻，中国都坚定维护国际关系基本准则，维护公平正义，反对战争和强权，为叙利亚问题重回政治解决轨道和六国与伊朗达成协议发挥了积极作用。中国是亚洲安全稳定的建设者。我们与各方共同努力，缓解了朝鲜半岛的紧张局势，积极推动重启六方会谈，支持阿富汗和平重建进程，为维护地区和平稳定发挥了至关重要的作用。中国是国际发展事业的贡献者。我们积极参与制定2015年后发展议程，为应对气候变化等全球性问题提出中国方案、贡献中国力量。

Fifthly, China has given full play to the role of a responsible major country and made new contribution in the world. As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has never forgotten its international responsibilities and obligations, and has taken an active part in addressing major regional and international issues. China is a defender of world peace. At the make-or-break moments in both Syria and the Iranian nuclear talks, China has resolutely safeguarded the basic norms governing international relations, upheld equity and justice, and opposed war and power politics. It has thus played a positive role in bringing the Syrian issue back to the track of a political settlement and concluding an agreement between the P5+1 and Iran. China is a builder of Asian security and stability. We have worked together with other parties to ease tension on the Korean Peninsula, actively pushed for a resumption of the Six-Party Talks, and supported peace and the reconstruction process in Afghanistan. We have thus played a vital part in maintaining regional peace and stability. China is a contributor to the cause of international development. We have actively participated in the making of the post-2015 development agenda, and offered our proposals for and contributed our share to possible solutions to climate change and other global issues.

第六，中国在维护国家利益方面的努力取得新成果。习近平主席强调，中国将坚定不移走和平发展道路，但绝不以牺牲中国国家利益为代价。一年来，我们坚定贯彻中央决策部署，有力遏制了个别国家侵犯我国领土主权和海洋权益的非法行径。同时，我们主张在充分尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上，通过对话和谈判寻找妥善解决办法。中方同东盟国家在落实《南海各方行为宣言》框架下启动“南海行为准则”磋商，同文莱、越南就推进共同开发与海上合作达成一致，维护了南海的和平稳定。

Sixthly, China has achieved new progress in upholding its national interests. President Xi Jinping underscored that China will be firmly committed to the path of peaceful development, but not at the expense of its national interests. Over the past year, we have unswervingly implemented the decisions and arrangements of the central leadership and effectively forestalled the illegal acts of individual countries to encroach upon China’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests. We also maintain that relevant issues need to be resolved properly through dialogue and negotiation on the basis of fully respecting historical facts and international law. China and ASEAN countries have launched consultations on a code of conduct in the South China Sea within the framework of implementing the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. China has reached agreement with Brunei and Vietnam on promoting joint development and maritime cooperation. All these contributed to the peace and stability in the South China Sea.