在布鲁日欧洲学院的演讲 Speech
at the College of Europe
中华人民共和国主席
习近平 H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the
People’s Republic of China
2014年4月1日，布鲁日 Bruges, 1 April 2014
尊敬的菲利普国王夫妇， 尊敬的范龙佩主席， 尊敬的迪吕波首相， 尊敬的德维戈主席、莫纳尔院长， 尊敬的各位使节， 老师们，同学们， 女士们，先生们，朋友们：
Your
Majesties King Philippe and Queen Mathilde, President
Herman Van Rompuy, Prime
Minister Elio Di Rupo, President
Inigo Mendez de Vigo, Rector
Jorg Monar, Diplomatic
Envoys, Faculty
Members, Students, Ladies
and Gentlemen, Friends,
大家好！很高兴来到欧洲学院同大家见面。首先，我向学院的老师们、同学们，向各位关心和支持中国发展的欧洲朋友们，致以诚挚的问候和良好的祝愿！
Good morning! It is a great
pleasure for me to come to the College of Europe and meet with faculty members
and students. First of all, my warm greetings and best wishes to you and all
those in Europe who have shown interest in and support to the development of
China.
在弗拉芒语中，布鲁日就是“桥”的意思。桥不仅方便了大家的生活，同时也是沟通、理解、友谊的象征。我这次欧洲之行，就是希望同欧洲朋友一道，在亚欧大陆架起一座友谊和合作之桥。
In the Flemish language, Bruges
means “bridge”. A bridge not only makes life more convenient; it could also be
a symbol of communication, understanding and friendship. I have come to Europe
to build, together with our European friends, a bridge of friendship and
cooperation across the Eurasian continent.
刚才，我和菲利普国王夫妇一起，参观了位于根特的沃尔沃汽车工厂。这家工厂是比利时最大的汽车生产企业，也是中国、比利时、瑞典三方经济技术合作的典范，在“中国投资”和“欧洲技术”之间架起了一座互利共赢的桥梁。
Before coming here, I visited a
Volvo plant in Ghent together with King Philippe and Queen Mathilde. Volvo Cars
Ghent, the largest car manufacturer in Belgium, has become a model of economic
and technological cooperation between China, Belgium and Sweden. It has
actually set up a bridge linking Chinese investment with European technology.
What it leads to is mutual benefit and win-win cooperation.
欧洲学院诞生于第二次世界大战结束之后，是人们反思战争、渴望和平的产物。人类历史总是伴随着战争魔咒。第二次世界大战的惨烈，促使欧洲人民痛定思痛，在让·莫内、罗伯特·舒曼等一批政治家领导下，开始联合自强，为实现持久和平与繁荣而奋斗。
The College of Europe was created
after the end of World War II as a result of people’s reflection of the war and
their yearning for peace. Human history has far too often been haunted by the
specter of war. Having suffered from the calamity of World War II, people in
Europe began to think over about their past misery and started to unite, under
the leadership of statesmen like Jean Monnet and Robert Schuman, in a joint
pursuit for lasting peace and prosperity.
经过半个多世纪发展，欧洲学院不仅成为欧盟的重要智库，而且成为“欧洲政治精英的摇篮”。范龙佩先生说，欧洲学院“始终位于欧洲一体化的核心”，体现了“在战争废墟上诞生的欧洲信念”。
After more than half a century of
development, the College today not only serves as an important think tank for
the European Union. It is also seen as the cradle of political elites of
Europe. In the words of Mr. Van Rompuy, the College has always been “at the
heart of European integration” and is in itself an expression of the faith in
Europe born “out of the ruins of war”.
老师们、同学们！
Faculty Members, Students,
就在欧洲学院成立的1949年，中华人民共和国成立了，中华民族的发展从此开启了新的历史纪元。1975年，周恩来总理和索姆斯爵士审时度势，作出了中欧建交的决定。现在，中欧建立了全面战略伙伴关系，在60多个领域建立了对话磋商机制；2013年双方贸易额达到5591亿美元，双方每年人员往来500多万人次，留学生总数近30万人。中欧关系已经成为世界上最具影响力的双边关系之一。
In 1949 when the College of
Europe was established, the People’s Republic of China was founded, heralding a
new historical era in the development of the Chinese nation. Later in 1975,
late Chinese premier Zhou Enlai and Sir Christopher Soames, acting on their
assessment of the world situation then, decided that China and the European
Economic Community should establish diplomatic relations. Today, China and the
EU have a comprehensive strategic partnership. We have established dialogue and
consultation mechanisms in over 60 areas. Our trade last year reached 559.1
billion US dollars. Over five million visits are exchanged each year. And about
300,000 of our students are studying overseas either in Europe or in China. The
relationship between China and the EU has become one of the most important
bilateral relationships in the world.
同时，我们也要看到，中欧关系发展空间还很大，潜力还远远没有发挥出来。为了把中欧关系推向前进，中方需要加深对欧洲的了解，欧方也需要加深对中国的了解。历史是现实的根源，任何一个国家的今天都来自昨天。只有了解一个国家从哪里来，才能弄懂这个国家今天怎么会是这样而不是那样，也才能搞清楚这个国家未来会往哪里去和不会往哪里去。
Having said that, we should not
forget that there is still greater room for the growth of China-EU relations
and the potential is yet to be fully tapped. To move our relationship forward,
China needs to know more about Europe, and Europe needs to know more about
China. For any country in the world, the past always holds the key to the
present and the present is always rooted in the past. Only when we know where a
country has come from, could we possibly understand why the country is what it
is today, and only then could we realize in which direction it is heading.
借此机会，我想给大家谈谈中国是一个什么样的国家，希望有助于大家观察中国、研究中国、认识中国。介绍中国是一个很大的课题，我选择中国几个最显著的特点来讲讲。
So let me use this opportunity to
describe to you what a country China is. I hope it will be helpful to you as
you try to observe, understand and study China. Of course, a thorough account
of the country would be too big a topic for today, so I will just focus on the
following few features of China.
第一，中国是有着悠久文明的国家。在世界几大古代文明中，中华文明是没有中断、延续发展至今的文明，已经有5000多年历史了。我们的祖先在几千年前创造的文字至今仍在使用。2000多年前，中国就出现了诸子百家的盛况，老子、孔子、墨子等思想家上究天文、下穷地理，广泛探讨人与人、人与社会、人与自然关系的真谛，提出了博大精深的思想体系。他们提出的很多理念，如孝悌忠信、礼义廉耻、仁者爱人、与人为善、天人合一、道法自然、自强不息等，至今仍然深深影响着中国人的生活。中国人看待世界、看待社会、看待人生，有自己独特的价值体系。中国人独特而悠久的精神世界，让中国人具有很强的民族自信心，也培育了以爱国主义为核心的民族精神。
First, China has a time-honored
civilization. Of the world’s ancient civilizations, the Chinese civilization
has continued uninterrupted to this day. In fact, it has spanned over 5,000
years. The Chinese characters, invented by our ancestors several millennia ago,
are still used today. Over 2,000 years ago, there was an era of great
intellectual accomplishments in China, which is referred to as “the period of
one hundred masters and schools of thought”. Great thinkers such as Laozi,
Confucius and Mozi, to name just a few, explored a wide range of topics from
the universe to the Earth, and from man’s relations with nature to relations
amongst human beings and to that between the individual and society. The
extensive and profound schools of thought they established covered many
important ideas, such as the moral injunction of fidelity to one’s parents and
brothers and to the monarch and friends, the sense of propriety, justice,
integrity and honor, the emphasis on benevolence and kindness towards fellow
human beings and the belief that man should be in harmony with nature, follow
nature’s course and unremittingly pursue self-renewal. These values and
teachings still carry a profound impact on Chinese people’s way of life today,
underpinning the unique value system in the Chinese outlook of the world, of
society and of life itself. And this unique and time-honored intellectual
legacy has instilled a strong sense of national confidence in the Chinese
people and nurtured a national spirit with patriotism at the very core.
第二，中国是经历了深重苦难的国家。在工业革命发生前的几千年时间里，中国经济、科技、文化一直走在世界的第一方阵之中。近代以后，中国的封建统治者夜郎自大、闭关锁国，导致中国落后于时代发展步伐，中国逐步成为半殖民地半封建社会。外国列强入侵不断，中国社会动荡不已，人民生活极度贫困。穷则思变，乱则思定。中国人民经过逾百年前赴后继的不屈抗争，付出几千万人伤亡的巨大牺牲，终于掌握了自己的命运。中国人民对被侵略、被奴役的历史记忆犹新，尤其珍惜今天的生活。中国人民希望和平、反对战争，所以始终奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持不干涉别国内政、也不允许别人干涉中国内政。我们过去一直是这样做的，今后也会这样做下去。
Second, China has gone through
many vicissitudes. For several thousand years before the industrial revolution,
China had been leading the world in economic, technological and cultural
development. However, feudal rulers of the 18th and 19th centuries closed the
door of China in boastful ignorance and China was since left behind in the
trend of development. The country was subdued to a semi-colonial and
semi-feudal society. As a result of incessant foreign invasions thereafter,
China experienced great social turmoil and its people had to lead a life of
extreme destitution. Poverty prompted the call for change and people
experiencing turmoil aspired for stability. After a hundred years of persistent
and unyielding struggle, the Chinese people, sacrificing tens of millions of
lives, ultimately took their destiny back into their own hands. Nevertheless,
the memory of foreign invasion and bullying has never been erased from the
minds of the Chinese people, and that explains why we cherish so dearly the
life we lead today. The Chinese people want peace; we do not want war. This is
the reason why China follows an independent foreign policy of peace. China is
committed to non-interference in other countries’ internal affairs, and China
will not allow others to interfere in its own affairs. This is the position we
have upheld in the past. It is what we will continue to uphold in the future.
第三，中国是实行中国特色社会主义的国家。1911年，孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命，推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度。旧的制度推翻了，中国向何处去？中国人苦苦寻找适合中国国情的道路。君主立宪制、复辟帝制、议会制、多党制、总统制都想过了、试过了，结果都行不通。最后，中国选择了社会主义道路。在建设社会主义实践中，我们有成功也有失误，甚至发生过严重曲折。改革开放以后，在邓小平先生领导下，我们从中国国情和时代要求出发，探索和开拓国家发展道路，形成了中国特色社会主义，提出要建设社会主义市场经济、民主政治、先进文化、和谐社会、生态文明，维护社会公平正义，促进人的全面发展，坚持和平发展，全面建成小康社会，进而实现现代化，逐步实现全体人民共同富裕。独特的文化传统，独特的历史命运，独特的国情，注定了中国必然走适合自己特点的发展道路。我们走出了这样一条道路，并且取得了成功。
Third, China is a socialist
country with Chinese characteristics. In 1911, the revolution led by Dr. Sun
Yat-sen overthrew the autocratic monarchy that had ruled China for several
thousand years. But once the old system was gone, where China would go became
the question. The Chinese people then started exploring long and hard for a
path that would suit China’s national conditions. They experimented with
constitutional monarchy, imperial restoration, parliamentarism, multi-party
system and presidential government, yet nothing really worked. Finally, China
took on the path of socialism. Admittedly, in the process of building
socialism, we have had successful experience and also made mistakes. We have
even suffered serious setbacks. After the “reform and opening-up” was launched
under the leadership of Mr. Deng Xiaoping, we have, acting in line with China’s
national conditions and the trend of the times, explored and blazed a trail of
development and established socialism with Chinese characteristics. Our aim is
to build a socialist market economy, democracy, an advanced culture, a
harmonious society and a sound eco-system, uphold social equity and justice,
promote all-round development of the people, pursue peaceful development,
complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and
eventually achieve modernization and ensure prosperity for all. The uniqueness
of China’s cultural tradition, history and circumstances determines that China
needs to follow a development path that suits its own reality. In fact, we have
found such a path and achieved success along this path.
第四，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家。中国发展取得了历史性进步，经济总量已经跃升到世界第二位。作为有着13亿多人口的国家，中国用几十年的时间走完了发达国家几百年走过的发展历程，无疑是值得骄傲和自豪的。同时，我们也清醒认识到，中国经济总量虽大，但除以13亿多人口，人均国内生产总值还排在世界第八十位左右。中国城乡低保人口有7400多万人，每年城镇新增劳动力有1000多万人，几亿农村劳动力需要转移就业和落户城镇，还有8500多万残疾人。根据世界银行的标准，中国还有2亿多人口生活在贫困线以下，这差不多相当于法国、德国、英国人口的总和。今年春节前后的40天里，中国航空、铁路、公路承载了大约36亿人次的流动，相当于每天都有9000万人在流动之中。所以，让13亿多人都过上好日子，还需要付出长期的艰苦努力。中国目前的中心任务依然是经济建设，并在经济发展的基础上推动社会全面进步。
Fourth, China is the world’s
biggest developing country. China has made historic progress in development. It
is now the second largest economy in the world. It has achieved in several
decades what took developed countries several centuries to achieve. This is,
without doubt, a proud achievement for a country whose population exceeds 1.3
billion. In the meantime, we are clearly aware that the large size of the
Chinese economy, when divided by 1.3 billion, sends China to around the 80th
place in terms of per capita GDP. In China, over 74 million people rely on
basic living allowances; each year, more than 10 million urban people would
join the job market and several hundred million rural people need to be
transferred to non-agricultural jobs and settle down in urban areas; more than
85 million people are with disabilities; and more than 200 million people are
still living under the poverty line set by the World Bank, and that is roughly
the population of France, Germany and the UK combined. In the 40-day-long
season of the last Chinese New Year, China’s airlines, railroads and highways
transported 3.6 billion passengers, which means 90 million people were on the
move each day. Therefore, to make the lives of the 1.3 billion Chinese people
more comfortable requires still arduous efforts for years to come. Economic
development remains the top priority for China, and we still need to work on
that basis to achieve social progress in all areas.
第五，中国是正在发生深刻变革的国家。我们的先人早就提出了“天行健，君子以自强不息”的思想，强调要“苟日新，日日新，又日新”。在激烈的国际竞争中前行，就如同逆水行舟，不进则退。改革是由问题倒逼而产生，又在不断解决问题中而深化。我们强调，改革开放只有进行时、没有完成时。中国已经进入改革的深水区，需要解决的都是难啃的硬骨头，这个时候需要“明知山有虎，偏向虎山行”的勇气，不断把改革推向前进。我们推进改革的原则是胆子要大、步子要稳。“图难于其易，为大于其细。天下难事，必作于易；天下大事，必作于细。”随着中国改革不断推进，中国必将继续发生深刻变化。同时，我也相信，中国全面深化改革，不仅将为中国现代化建设提供强大推动力量，而且将为世界带来新的发展机遇。
Fifth, China is a country
undergoing profound changes. Our ancestors taught us that “as heaven maintains
vigor through movement, a gentleman should constantly strive for
self-perfection”, and that “if one can make things better for one day, he
should make them better every day”. Being faced with fierce international
competition is like sailing against the current. One either forges ahead or
falls behind. Reform, which was first forced upon us by problems, goes deeper
in addressing the problems. We know keenly that reform and opening-up is an
ongoing process that will never stop. China’s reform has entered a deep water
zone, where problems crying to be resolved are all difficult ones. What we need
is the courage to move the reform forward. To use a Chinese saying, we must “get
ready to go into the mountain, being fully aware that there may be tigers to
encounter”. The principle we have laid down for reform is to act with courage
while moving forward with steady steps. As we say in China, he who wants to
accomplish a big and difficult undertaking should start with easier things
first and make sure that all details are attended to. With the deepening of
reform, China will continue to undergo profound changes. I believe that our
efforts of deepening reform comprehensively will not only provide strong
momentum for China’s modernization drive, but also bring new development
opportunities to the world.
总之，观察和认识中国，历史和现实都要看，物质和精神也都要看。中华民族5000多年文明史，中国人民近代以来170多年斗争史，中国共产党90多年奋斗史，中华人民共和国60多年发展史，改革开放30多年探索史，这些历史一脉相承，不可割裂。脱离了中国的历史，脱离了中国的文化，脱离了中国人的精神世界，脱离了当代中国的深刻变革，是难以正确认识中国的。
To observe and understand China
properly, one needs to bear in mind both China’s past and present and draw
reference from both China’s accomplishments and the Chinese way of thinking.
The 5,000-year-long Chinese civilization, the 170-year struggle by the Chinese
people since modern times, the 90-year-plus journey of the Communist Party of
China, the 60-year-plus development of the People’s Republic and the
30-year-plus reform and opening-up should all be taken into account. They each
make an integral part of China’s history, and none should be taken out of the
historical context. One can hardly understand China well without a proper
understanding of China’s history, culture, the Chinese people’s way of thinking
and the profound changes taking place in China today.
世界是多向度发展的，世界历史更不是单线式前进的。中国不能全盘照搬别国的政治制度和发展模式，否则的话不仅会水土不服，而且会带来灾难性后果。2000多年前中国人就认识到了这个道理：“橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳，叶徒相似，其实味不同。所以然者何？水土异也。”
The world’s development is
multi-dimensional, and its history is never a linear movement. China cannot
copy the political system or development model of other countries, because it
would not fit us and it might even lead to catastrophic consequences. The
Chinese people, over 2,000 year ago, had come to understand this from a simple
fact that the tasty orange, grown in southern China, would turn sour once it is
grown in the north. The leaves may look the same, but the fruits taste quite
different, because the north means different location and different climate.
有一个法国作家说，朋友看朋友是透明的，他们彼此交换生命。希望我的介绍能够让中国在你们眼前更透明一些。我也真诚希望，欧洲学院能够培养出大批了解中国、理解中国的人才，为中欧关系发展源源不断提供人才和智力支撑。
A French writer once said that
friends are transparent to friends because they exchange life. I hope what I
just shared with you could draw for you a more transparent picture of China. I
also sincerely hope that the College of Europe will produce a large number of
talents who know and understand China well so as to provide a constant source
of talent and intellectual support for the growth of China-Europe relations. |
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