New
Urbanization 新型城镇化模式
This research provides a path for
China that will be efficient, inclusive and sustainable. Through better
allocation of land, labor, and capital this new model can share the benefits of
urbanization more widely than in the past. And it can be environmentally
sustainable while ensuring China’s food security.
这项研究为中国提供了实现高效、包容和可持续城镇化的一个路径。这种新模式通过更好地分配土地、劳动力和资本，可以比过去更广泛地分享城镇化的收益，而且可以实现环境可持续性，同时保障中国的粮食安全。
This is why we call it New
Urbanization.
这就是我们为什么称其为“新型城镇化”。
In this new model the government
will have a different role. It will support rather than supplant market forces.
It will allow China’s cities to grow more organically and efficiently. New
urbanization is not merely about bricks and mortar. It puts people at the
center of the strategy.
在这种城镇化新模式下，政府将发挥不同的作用。政府应当支持而不是取代市场。政府应当允许中国的城市更有机和更高效地成长。
新型城镇化不是仅仅关于砖瓦砂浆，而是在战略中突出以人为核心。
New urbanization must be
affordable and it will be. On current trends, China’s cities would spend some
$5.3 trillion on infrastructure over the next fifteen years. But with more
efficient, denser cities China can save some $1.4 trillion in infrastructure
spending - or 15 percent of last year’s GDP.
新型城市化必须而且也将会是负担得起的。按照目前的趋势，中国的城市在未来15年将在基础设施建设上投入约5.3万亿美元。但是，如果推进更高效、更密集的城市，中国可以在基础设施支出上节省约1.4万亿美元，相当于去年GDP的15％。
This report does not offer a
simple textbook solution, but recognizes the political economy - specific to
China. It outlines a comprehensive package of reforms, recognizing that the
issues are closely intertwined. They have to be addressed comprehensively:
Piecemeal reform will not solve the problems.
这份报告并没有提供一个简单的教科书式的解决方案，而是考虑到中国具体的政治经济情况。报告勾勒出一个全面的一揽子改革方案，考虑到各种问题紧密联系，必须进行全面的改革，零敲碎打的改革解决不了问题。
We have identified obstacles to
reforms; suggest sequencing and quick wins – steps that can make change happen.
We analyze short-term risks, and propose participatory approaches to generate
support and connect decision makers and citizens.
我们也说明了改革的障碍，提出了改革顺序和速赢建议，即，可以推动改革的步骤。我们分析了短期风险，建议以参与式方法来获得支持，加强决策者与公众的联系。
Together with a better revenue
structure, this provides the space for higher government spending on social services
for all migrants, while local borrowing can be brought down to more sustainable
levels.
同时，建立更好的收入结构，这样就为政府增加对所有外来人口的社会服务支出提供了空间，同时也可将地方政府债务降低到更具持续性的水平。
I am very excited that the
Chinese government is already implementing many of the recommendations of our
joint study. It focuses firmly on overcoming obstacles arising from increasing
inequality, urban pollution a slowdown of productivity and growth.
令我十分兴奋的是，中国政府已经在将我们合作研究中产生的许多建议付诸实施。政府正在集中力量克服由不平等加剧、城市污染和生产力及经济增长放缓形成的障碍。
The vision is about people:
providing services to all citizens in all cities, regardless of their residence
permit; better city planning and better coordination with the interests of the
people in mind.
我们的愿景是以人为中心：为所有城市的所有公民提供服务，无论他们有没有居住许可；改进城市规划，改进协调工作，时刻将人民的利益放在心里。
Recommendations 建议
Vice Minister Liu and Bert
Hofman, the Chief Economist of the East Asia Region of the World Bank, will
report the findings in more detail shortly.
刘副主任和世行亚太首席经济学家郝福满过一会儿将会更详细地报告研究成果。
But let me give you a brief
overview of the six policy priorities the report identifies:
我先向各位简要介绍一下报告明确的六个政策优先领域：
First, land management and
ownership are among the most pressing issues. Because so much farmland was
converted for urban expansions, the amount of available farmland has dropped to
the “red line” of what is considered to be the minimum necessary to ensure
China’s food security. This trend must be reversed: Urbanization must no longer
be driven by financing opportunities arising from land conversion.
首先，土地管理和土地所有权是当务之急。由于城市扩张征用了大量的农村土地，目前耕地面积已经逼近保障粮食安全的“红线”。
必须扭转这种趋势：城镇化决不能再靠土地融资来推动了。
Limits should be set up on rural
land taken for public purposes by local governments. Efficient and equitable
use and conversion of rural of land will require stronger property rights for
farmers and appropriate compensation based on fair value. And urban land
allocation needs to be driven by market prices as well.
对地方政府征收农村土地用于公共用途必须加以限制。实现农村土地的高效公平利用和用途转换，需要强化农民的产权，按照公平价值给予适当补偿。而城市土地分配也需要由市场价格来驱动。
Second, China needs a mobile and
versatile labor force with equal access to quality services. The hukou system needs to evolve into a
residency system over time. This will remove barriers to labor mobility from rural
to urban areas, as well as between cities, and boost workers’ wages. I am very
pleased to see that the authorities have already announced a reform of this
system and its application.
第二，中国需要促进具备技能的劳动者自由流动，推进基本公共服务均等化。户籍制度需要逐步向居住证制度转变。这样可以消除劳动力从农村向城市流动以及在城市之间流动的障碍，提高劳动者工资水平。我很高兴地看到当局已经宣布进行户籍制度改革并付诸实行。
Third, place urban finances on a
more sustainable footing and create financial discipline for local governments.
The recent audit of local Government debt is a call for action.
第三，将城市融资建立在更可持续的基础之上，同时建立有效约束地方政府的财政纪律。最近对地方政府的债务审计要求采取行动。
The Bank and the DRC recommend an
overhaul of the intergovernmental grant and revenue system. In the future a
higher portion of local expenditures needs to be financed through local
revenues, such as phased-in property taxes and adequate charges for urban
services. Transparent financing will impose financial discipline on local
leadership, making them more accountable to residents. Local governments will
borrow, but within strict central government rules to avoid over-indebtedness.
世行和发展研究中心建议改革政府间转移支付制度和财政体制。未来需要通过逐步设置不动产税和提高城市服务价格，扩大地方财政收入基础。
提高财政透明度可以对地方领导层施加财务纪律，使他们对居民更加负起责任。地方政府可以直接举债，但须在中央政府严格规定的框架内，以避免过度负债。
Fourth, reforming urban planning
and design will be critical. Moving towards market-driven pricing for
industrial land can encourage land-intensive industries to move to smaller,
secondary cities. Cities could move to flexible zoning, with smaller plots and
more mixed land use, which would make them denser and more efficient. To accord
smaller cities a stronger economic base and increase services, zoning needs to
shift away from industries toward commercial and residential use. Linking
transport infrastructure with urban centers and promoting coordination among
cities would encourage better management of congestion and pollution.
第四，步骤城市规划和设计至关重要。
逐步实行以市场为基础给工业用地定价，可以鼓励土地密集型工业企业向二三线城市转移。
在城市内部可以制订灵活的分区规划，促进更小地块、更加混合的土地使用，实现更密集和更高效的开发。为了给较小的城市提供更加坚实的经济基础和发展服务业，分区规划可从工业用地转向商业和住宅用地。以交通基础设施加强主城区与外围地区的连接，加强城市之间的协调，可以有效治理交通拥堵和环境污染。
Fifth, environmental degradation
needs to be halted and reversed. China already has tough environmental laws,
regulations and standards. China has also piloted many technical solutions to
address pollution and increase resource use efficiency for many years that
could be brought to scale. Now the most important task for achieving greener
urbanization is vigorous enforcement of those standards. At the heart of this
are better institutions and incentives. Better data collection and sharing will
encourage greater public participation in holding polluters accountable.
第五，环境退化趋势需要加以遏制和扭转。中国已有严格的环保法律、法规和标准。中国多年来也开展了许多缓解污染和提高资源利用率的技术解决方案试点，可以扩大规模。
推进绿色城镇化最重要的是严格执法，其核心是形成较好的制度和激励措施。改进数据收集和分享可以鼓励更大程度的公众参与，追究污染者的责任。
Sixth and finally, improving
local governance. The performance evaluation of local officials should give
greater weight and incentives to successful urbanization.
第六也是最后一点，改善地方政府治理。调整地方官员的绩效评估体系，对城镇化成功与否给予更大的权重和激励。
Conclusion 结束语
I want to conclude by
highlighting that this joint research work we are presenting to you today is
proof in point that the government not only knows the issues around
urbanization but recognizes the opportunities sound urbanization brings for
more and better growth as well. In other words this it is not about the ‘What’
but about the ‘How.
最后，我想强调指出，我们今天向各位介绍的合作研究成果，充分证明了政府不仅了解围绕城镇化的各种问题，而且也认识到管理好城镇化可以带来更多更好的增长机遇。换句话说，这不仅仅是
“做什么”的问题，也是“怎么做”的问题。
Over the last three decades China
has grown faster than any other country in the world. It has lifted over 500
million people out of extreme poverty. These are extraordinary achievements.
在过去30年里，中国的增长速度超过世界上任何国家，使5亿多人摆脱了绝对贫困，这是非同寻常的成就。
Ending extreme poverty by 2030
and promoting shared prosperity is our shared vision. China has shown the world
that it is well on track to end poverty. It can build on this success by
getting urbanization right and ensuring that all citizens will benefit from
development and growth on an equitable basis. 到2030年消除绝对贫困和促进共享繁荣是我们的愿景。中国已向全世界表明，它正在稳步迈向消除贫困的目标。
中国可以再接再厉，管理好城镇化，确保全体公民从发展和经济增长中公平受益。
最后我想说，我深信这项研究不仅对北京的政策制定者有用，也对其他面临类似挑战的国家有益。这份报告也可以为他们提供指导。
China is ready to embark on its
new urbanization. This report can help lead the way.
中国准备迈上新型城镇化之路，这份报告可以起到引导作用。
Dear Vice Ministers, ladies and
gentlemen,
各位部长，女士们，先生们，
Thank you: it is a privilege to
work with you side by side on such a worthy undertaking.
谢谢你们，和你们并肩从事这样一项高尚的事业，我们深感荣幸。 |
