习近平主席在和平共处五项原则发表60周年纪念大会上的讲话（中英对照）

女士们、先生们、朋友们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

60年来，历经国际风云变幻的考验，和平共处五项原则作为一个开放包容的国际法原则，集中体现了主权、正义、民主、法治的价值观。

Having been tested by the evolution of international relations in the past six decades, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, as open and inclusive principles of international law, embody the values of sovereignty, justice, democracy and rule of law.

——和平共处五项原则已经成为国际关系基本准则和国际法基本原则。和平共处五项原则精辟体现了新型国际关系的本质特征，是一个相互联系、相辅相成、不可分割的统一体，适用于各种社会制度、发展水平、体量规模国家之间的关系。1955年，万隆会议通过的十项原则是对和平共处五项原则的引申和发展。上个世纪60年代兴起的不结盟运动把五项原则作为指导原则。1970年和1974年联合国大会通过的有关宣言都接受了和平共处五项原则。和平共处五项原则为当今世界一系列国际组织和国际文件所采纳，得到国际社会广泛赞同和遵守。

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have become the basic norms governing international relations as well as basic principles of international law. These Five Principles, as an integrated, interconnected and indivisible concept, capture the essence of today’s international relations, and can apply to relations among all countries regardless of their social system, stage of development or size. The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were expanded into ten principles adopted at the Bandung Conference in 1955. The Non-Aligned Movement which emerged in the 1960s adopted the Five Principles as its guiding principles. These principles were also incorporated in the relevant declarations adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1970 and 1974. Today, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are also endorsed by a host of international organizations and international instruments, and are widely supported and observed by the international community.

——和平共处五项原则有力维护了广大发展中国家权益。和平共处五项原则的精髓，就是所有国家主权一律平等，反对任何国家垄断国际事务。这为广大发展中国家捍卫国家主权和独立提供了强大思想武器，成为发展中国家团结合作、联合自强的旗帜，加深了广大发展中国家相互理解和信任，促进了南南合作，也推动了南北关系改善和发展。

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have effectively upheld the rights and interests of the developing world. The core of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence is that there is sovereign equality among all countries and that no country should monopolize international affairs. These principles offer a powerful intellectual tool for developing countries to uphold their sovereignty and independence, and they have thus become a rallying call for enhancing solidarity, cooperation and strength among them. These principles have deepened the mutual understanding and trust among developing countries, boosted South-South cooperation and also contributed to the improvement of North-South relations.

——和平共处五项原则为推动建立更加公正合理的国际政治经济秩序发挥了积极作用。和平共处五项原则摒弃了弱肉强食的丛林法则，壮大了反帝反殖力量，加速了殖民体系崩溃瓦解。在东西方冷战对峙的大背景下，所谓“大家庭”、“集团政治”、“势力范围”等方式都没有处理好国与国关系，反而带来了矛盾、激化了局势。与之形成鲜明对照的是，和平共处五项原则为和平解决国家间历史遗留问题及国际争端开辟了崭新道路。

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence have played a positive role in building a more equitable and rational international political and economic order. Rejecting the law of the jungle by which the strong bullies the weak, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence strengthened the movement against imperialism and colonialism that eventually brought colonialism to an end. During the Cold War of East-West confrontation, none of the policies such as “the big family”, “bloc politics” or “sphere of influence” was successful in handling state-to-state relations, and they only heightened antagonism and tension. By contrast, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence provided a new approach for peacefully resolving historical issues and international disputes.

女士们、先生们、朋友们！

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

当今世界正在发生深刻复杂的变化，和平、发展、合作、共赢的时代潮流更加强劲，国际社会日益成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。同时，国际关系中的不公正不平等现象仍很突出，全球性挑战层出不穷，各种地区冲突和局部战争此起彼伏，不少国家的民众特别是儿童依然生活在战火硝烟之中，不少发展中国家人民依然承受着饥寒的煎熬。维护世界和平、促进共同发展，依然任重道远。

Today’s world is going through profound and intricate changes. Peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit have become an unstoppable trend. Countries are bound together in this community of common destiny. On the other hand, injustice and inequality are still pronounced problems in international relations. Global challenges keep emerging, so do conflicts and local wars in various regions. People in many countries, children in particular, are ravaged by war. Many people in developing countries still suffer from hunger. To uphold global peace and promote common development remains a daunting challenge facing mankind.

新形势下，和平共处五项原则的精神不是过时了，而是历久弥新；和平共处五项原则的意义不是淡化了，而是历久弥深；和平共处五项原则的作用不是削弱了，而是历久弥坚。

In the new era today, the spirit of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, instead of being outdated, remains as relevant as ever; its significance, rather than diminishing, remains as important as ever; and its role, rather than being weakened, has continued to grow.

“凡益之道，与时偕行。”刚才，吴登盛总统、安萨里副总统都对新形势下坚持和弘扬和平共处五项原则、推动建设新型国际关系和美好世界谈了很好的想法和主张。在这个问题上，中国、印度、缅甸有着广泛共识。我愿谈几点看法。

As an ancient Chinese teaching goes, all good principles should adapt to changing times to remain relevant. Just now, both President U Thein Sein and Vice President Hamid Ansari have elaborated on how to carry forward the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence to build a new type of international relations and a better world in the new era. Indeed, China, India and Myanmar have a lot in common in this regard. Here, I wish to state the following:

第一，坚持主权平等。主权是国家独立的根本标志，也是国家利益的根本体现和可靠保证。主权和领土完整不容侵犯，各国应该尊重彼此核心利益和重大关切。这些都是硬道理，任何时候都不能丢弃，任何时候都不应动摇。

First, we should uphold sovereign equality. Sovereignty is the most important feature of any independent state as well as the embodiment and safeguard of its national interests. No infringement upon the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a country is allowed. Countries should respect each other’s core interests and key concerns. These are fundamental rules which should not be cast aside or undermined at any time.

国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国际社会平等成员，都有平等参与国际事务的权利。各国的事务应该由各国人民自己来管。我们要尊重各国自主选择的社会制度和发展道路，反对出于一己之利或一己之见，采用非法手段颠覆别国合法政权。

All countries, regardless of their size, strength or level of development, are equal members of the international community, and they are entitled to equal participation in international affairs. The internal affairs of a country should be managed by its own people. We should respect the right of a country to choose its own social system and model of development, and oppose the attempt to oust the legitimate government of a country through illegal means to seek self interests or to impose one’s own views.

第二，坚持共同安全。安全应该是普遍的。各国都有平等参与国际和地区安全事务的权利，也都有维护国际和地区安全的责任。我们要倡导共同、综合、合作、可持续安全的理念，尊重和保障每一个国家的安全。不能一个国家安全而其他国家不安全，一部分国家安全而另一部分国家不安全，更不能牺牲别国安全谋求自身所谓绝对安全。我们要加强国际和地区合作，共同应对日益增多的非传统安全威胁，坚决打击一切形式的恐怖主义，铲除恐怖主义滋生的土壤。

Second, we should uphold common security. Security should be universal. All countries have the right to participate in international and regional security affairs on an equal footing and shoulder the shared responsibility to maintain security both internationally and in various regions. We should champion common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security, and respect and ensure every country’s security. It is unacceptable to have security just for one country or some countries while leaving the rest insecure, and still less should one be allowed to seek the so-called “absolute security” of itself at the expense of others’ security. We need to step up cooperation at the global and regional level and jointly counter non-traditional security threats which are on the increase, fight against terrorism of all forms and remove the breeding ground of terrorism.

对待国家间存在的分歧和争端，要坚持通过对话协商以和平方式解决，以对话增互信，以对话解纷争，以对话促安全，不能动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。热衷于使用武力，不是强大的表现，而是道义贫乏、理念苍白的表现。只有基于道义、理念的安全，才是基础牢固、真正持久的安全。我们要推动建设开放、透明、平等的亚太安全合作新架构，推动各国共同维护地区和世界和平安全。

Disputes and differences between countries should be resolved through dialogue, consultation and peaceful means. We should increase mutual trust, and settle disputes and promote security through dialogue. Willful threat or use of force should be rejected. Flexing military muscles only reveals the lack of moral ground or vision rather than reflecting one’s strength. Security can be solid and enduring only if it is based on moral high ground and vision. We should work for a new architecture of Asia-Pacific security cooperation that is open, transparent and equality-based, and bring all countries together in a common endeavor to maintain peace and security in both our region and the world.

第三，坚持共同发展。天空足够大，地球足够大，世界也足够大，容得下各国共同发展繁荣。一些国家越来越富裕，另一些国家长期贫穷落后，这样的局面是不可持续的。水涨船高，小河有水大河满，大家发展才能发展大家。各国在谋求自身发展时，应该积极促进其他国家共同发展，让发展成果更多更好惠及各国人民。

Third, we should advance common development. The sky, earth and world are big enough to allow the common development and prosperity of all countries. Today, some countries are getting richer while others are locked in poverty and underdevelopment. Such a situation should not be allowed to continue. Just as rising water lifts all boats and more water in the tributaries make a wider river, all will benefit when everyone develops. When developing themselves, countries should work actively for common development of others so that the gains of development will reach more people in the world.

我们要共同维护和发展开放型世界经济，共同促进世界经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长，推动贸易和投资自由化便利化，坚持开放的区域合作，反对各种形式的保护主义，反对任何以邻为壑、转嫁危机的意图和做法。

We should jointly uphold and develop an open global economy, promote strong, sustainable and balanced global growth as well as trade and investment liberalization and facilitation and uphold open regional cooperation. We should oppose protectionism of all forms and any attempt or practice to hurt others’ interests or shift crisis to others.

我们要推动南南合作和南北对话，增强发展中国家自主发展能力，推动发达国家承担更多责任，努力缩小南北差距，建立更加平等均衡的新型全球发展伙伴关系，夯实世界经济长期稳定发展基础。

We should enhance South-South cooperation and North-South dialogue, strengthen developing countries’ capacity for self-development, urge developed countries to shoulder more responsibilities, and narrow the North-South gap. This will help build a more equal and more balanced new global partnership for development and cement the foundation for achieving long-term and stable global growth.

第四，坚持合作共赢。“合则强，孤则弱。”合作共赢应该成为各国处理国际事务的基本政策取向。合作共赢是普遍适用的原则，不仅适用于经济领域，而且适用于政治、安全、文化等其他领域。

Fourth, we should promote win-win cooperation. “Cooperation generates strength while isolation only leads to weakness.” Win-win cooperation should be the basic policy goal of all countries in handling international affairs. It is a universal principle that applies to not only the economic field, but political, security, cultural and other areas as well.

我们应该把本国利益同各国共同利益结合起来，努力扩大各方共同利益的汇合点，不能这边搭台、那边拆台，要相互补台、好戏连台。要积极树立双赢、多赢、共赢的新理念，摒弃你输我赢、赢者通吃的旧思维，“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，天下大同”。

Countries should align their own interests with those of other countries and expand areas of converging interests. Instead of undercutting each other’s efforts, countries should reinforce each other’s endeavor and make greater common progress. We should champion a new vision of win-win outcomes for all and reject the obsolete notion of zero-sum game or winner taking all. Countries should respect others’ interests while pursuing their own and advance common interests of all.

我们要坚持同舟共济、权责共担，携手应对气候变化、能源资源安全、网络安全、重大自然灾害等日益增多的全球性问题，共同呵护人类赖以生存的地球家园。

We should help each other out in times of difficulty and assume both rights and responsibilities. We should work together to address growing global issues such as climate change, energy and resources security, cyber security and major natural disasters, in a common endeavor to protect our planet which is so crucial to our survival.

第五，坚持包容互鉴。文明多样性是人类社会的基本特征。当今世界有70亿人口，200多个国家和地区，2500多个民族，5000多种语言。不同民族、不同文明多姿多彩、各有千秋，没有优劣之分，只有特色之别。

Fifth, we should champion inclusiveness and mutual learning. Diversity of civilizations is a defining feature of the human society. In today’s world, there are 7 billion people of more than 2,500 ethnic groups who live in over 200 countries and regions and speak more than 5,000 languages. Different nations and civilizations are rich in diversity and have their own distinct features. No one is superior or inferior to others.

“万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖。”我们要尊重文明多样性，推动不同文明交流对话、和平共处、和谐共生，不能唯我独尊、贬低其他文明和民族。人类历史告诉我们，企图建立单一文明的一统天下，只是一种不切实际的幻想。

“All living things are nourished without injuring one another, and all roads run parallel without interfering with one another.” We should respect diversity of civilizations and promote exchanges, dialogue, peaceful and harmonious coexistence among different civilizations and should not seek supremacy or denigrate other civilizations and nations. Human history tells us that any attempt to establish a dominant civilization in the world is an illusion.

尺有所短，寸有所长。我们要倡导交流互鉴，注重汲取不同国家、不同民族创造的优秀文明成果，取长补短，兼收并蓄，共同绘就人类文明美好画卷。

Everything has its strengths and weaknesses. We should promote mutual learning and draw on all that is good created by different countries, nations and civilizations in a joint effort to create a splendid human civilization.

第六，坚持公平正义。“大道之行也，天下为公。”公平正义是世界各国人民在国际关系领域追求的崇高目标。在当今国际关系中，公平正义还远远没有实现。

Sixth, we should uphold fairness and justice. According to the ancient Chinese philosophy, “A just cause should be pursued for the common good”. Justice is the noble goal that people of all countries pursue in international relations. However, we are still far away from realizing this goal.

我们应该共同推动国际关系民主化。世界的命运必须由各国人民共同掌握，世界上的事情应该由各国政府和人民共同商量来办。垄断国际事务的想法是落后于时代的，垄断国际事务的行动也肯定是不能成功的。

We should jointly promote greater democracy in international relations. The destiny of the world must be determined by people of all countries, and world affairs should be managed through consultation by governments and peoples of all countries. The notion of dominating international affairs belongs to a different age, and such an attempt is doomed to failure.

我们应该共同推动国际关系法治化。推动各方在国际关系中遵守国际法和公认的国际关系基本原则，用统一适用的规则来明是非、促和平、谋发展。“法者，天下之准绳也。”在国际社会中，法律应该是共同的准绳，没有只适用他人、不适用自己的法律，也没有只适用自己、不适用他人的法律。适用法律不能有双重标准。我们应该共同维护国际法和国际秩序的权威性和严肃性，各国都应该依法行使权利，反对歪曲国际法，反对以“法治”之名行侵害他国正当权益、破坏和平稳定之实。

We should jointly promote the rule of law in international relations. We should urge all parties to abide by international law and well-recognized basic principles governing international relations and use widely applicable rules to tell right from wrong and pursue peace and development. The ancient Chinese believed that “law is the yardstick for measuring all things under the heaven”. In the international society, there should be just one law that applies to all. There is no such law that applies to others but not oneself, or vice versa. There should not be double standards when applying the law. We should jointly uphold the authority and sanctity of international law and the international order. All countries should exercise their rights in accordance with the law, oppose bending international law, and reject any attempt to undermine, in the name of “rule of law”, other countries’ legitimate rights and interests as well as peace and stability.

我们应该共同推动国际关系合理化。适应国际力量对比新变化推进全球治理体系改革，体现各方关切和诉求，更好维护广大发展中国家正当权益。

We should jointly promote more balanced international relations, advance reform in global governance in keeping with new changes in the relative strengths of international forces, respond to concerns and aspirations of various parties, and better uphold the legitimate rights and interests of developing countries.