李克强总理在中希海洋合作论坛上的讲话（中英对照）

努力建设和平合作和谐之海

For Peace, Cooperation and Harmony in the Ocean

——在中希海洋合作论坛上的讲话

– Remarks at the China-Greece Marine Cooperation Forum

中华人民共和国国务院总理 李克强

H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

2014年6月20日，雅典

Athens, 20 June 2014

今天，中国和希腊，一个位于太平洋西岸的国家和一个位于地中海北岸的国家，共同举办中希海洋合作论坛，这在两国交往史上还是第一次，有着十分丰富的内涵，具有特殊深远的意义。

Today, the China-Greece marine cooperation forum is being held, the first of its kind in the history of exchanges between China and Greece, one on the western coast of the Pacific and the other on the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The event is therefore of special and profound significance as it offers plenty room for discussion.

中国和希腊都是毗邻大海的古老国家，都有悠久的航海历史。2500多年前，当中国春秋时期的齐景公在渤海和黄海海域留下航行记录时，古希腊城邦雅典的商船穿梭于地中海沿岸。爱琴海孕育了伟大的古希腊文明，也塑造了希腊人包容乐观向上的精神和理性勇敢的性格。希腊人还创造了先进的航海技术，促进了海洋文化的发展。

China and Greece are both ancient countries facing the sea and both have a long tradition of navigation. When Duke Jing of the state of Qi of China’s Spring and Autumn Period navigated in China’s Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea over 2,500 years ago, merchant ships of Athens, the ancient Greek city-state, sailed along the coast of the Mediterranean. The Aegean Sea has nurtured the great ancient Greek civilization and shaped the character of the Greek people, known for being inclusive, optimistic, courageous and for their good sense of reasoning. Greece has also created advanced navigation technologies and promoted the development of an oceanic culture.

中华文明的发展历程中也没有离开过海洋，正是以大海为主要纽带，我们同其他国家互通有无，古代的海上丝绸之路与陆上丝绸之路南北呼应。600多年前，中国航海家郑和率领庞大的船队，把中华文化带到了东南亚、西亚、非洲东海岸。20世纪70年代末，中国开启了改革开放的伟大事业，沿海城市率先对外开放，中国再次通过海洋走向世界。

Likewise, the development of the Chinese civilization has never been separated from the influence of oceans. It has been via the ocean that China has conducted trade with other countries, in the process of which the Silk Road on the land in the north complemented the maritime one in the south. Over 600 years ago, Chinese navigator Zheng He and his impressive fleet brought along Chinese culture to Southeast Asia, West Asia and the east coast of Africa. With the introduction of the great cause of reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, China’s coastal cities became the first to open to the outside world. The ocean, once again, helped China reach out to the world.

海洋与人类发展息息相关。世界进入大航海时代后，随着新大陆的发现和新航线的开辟，商品、资本、人力突破地域限制，逐步形成全球贸易网络。不断发展的海洋交通，为经济全球化和贸易自由化提供了有力支撑。开发利用海洋空间、海上资源，已成为沿海国家发展的重要依托。当然，海洋既为人类增添福祉，也带来诸多共同挑战。无论是维护海洋安全，还是保护海洋生态，任务都相当艰巨。我们愿同世界各国一道，通过发展海洋事业带动经济发展、深化国际合作、促进世界和平，努力建设一个和平、合作、和谐的海洋。

The ocean is closely related to the development of mankind. Since the Age of Navigation, the discovery of the new continent and the opening of new navigation routes have enabled the flow of goods, capital and personnel across different regions and made the formation of a global trade network possible. Constantly developing transportation on the sea has served as strong support to economic globalization and trade liberalization. The exploration and exploitation of the space and resources of oceans have become an important focus in the economic development of many coastal countries. It goes without saying that oceans have brought both blessing and common challenges to mankind, as we face heavy tasks of safeguarding maritime security and conserving the marine ecology. We stand ready to work with other countries to boost economic growth, deepen international cooperation and promote world peace through the ocean and to foster peace, cooperation and harmony in the ocean.

——共同建设和平之海。历史反复昭示人们，向海而兴，背海而衰，为开发海洋而进行的合作，给各国带来发展；但是为争夺海洋发生的战争，则给人类带来灾难。第二次世界大战后，特别是《联合国海洋法公约》缔结以来，国际社会在联合国框架下，逐步建立和完善了全球海洋新秩序。中国是《公约》缔约国，为维护《公约》宗旨原则做出了积极努力。我们将坚定不移走和平发展道路，坚决反对海洋霸权，致力于在尊重历史事实和国际法的基础上，通过当事方直接对话谈判解决双边海洋争端和纠纷。对维护海上和平秩序的行为，我们都会坚定支持；对破坏海上和平秩序的行为，我们都会坚决反对。中国坚定维护国家主权和领土完整，致力于维护地区的和平与秩序。我们愿同相关国家加强沟通与合作，完善双边和多边机制，共同维护海上航行自由与通道安全，共同打击海盗、海上恐怖主义，应对海洋灾害，构建和平安宁的海洋秩序。

– Working together for an ocean of peace. History has repeatedly demonstrated that engagements with the ocean leads to prosperity and that isolation from the ocean leads to decline. Cooperation in developing the oceans brings development to all countries while war fought over the ocean inflicts disasters to mankind. After World War II, especially with the conclusion of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the international community has, over time, established and improved the new global maritime order within the UN framework. As a signatory to the Convention, China has made great efforts to uphold its purposes and principles. China will follow the path of peaceful development, firmly oppose hegemony on the sea and stand for settling bilateral maritime conflicts and disputes on the basis of respecting historical facts and international law and through direct dialogue and negotiation between parties involved. China is steadfastly supportive to all acts for peace and order on the sea and resolutely against any move to the contrary. China firmly safeguards its national sovereignty and territorial integrity and commits itself to maintaining regional peace and order. We will step up communication and cooperation with relevant countries and improve bilateral and multilateral mechanisms to jointly safeguard navigation freedom and security of shipping lanes, fight piracy and terrorism on the sea and cope with oceanic disasters in a bid to foster peace and tranquility in the ocean.

——共同建设合作之海。海洋占地球面积的70%,承载着世界经济发展与合作共赢的希望。目前，遍布各大洋、连接各大洲的众多航线构成了全球经济一体化的大通道，海洋承载着国际贸易最活跃的部分。世界上众多城市和人口分布在沿海，大多数的发达城市也分布在沿海，大部分经济活动集中在沿海，一半以上的对外贸易量依靠海运，一半左右的石油通过海上运输。中国愿同海洋国家一道，积极构建海洋合作伙伴关系，共同建设海上通道、发展海洋经济、利用海洋资源、探索海洋奥秘，为扩大国际海洋合作做出贡献。

– Working together for an ocean of cooperation. The ocean covers 70% of the world’s surface and carries the hope of world economic development and win-win cooperation. Navigation routes across oceans which connect continents constitute the passageways of global economic integration. The ocean witnesses the most dynamic global trade. Many cities and people as well as most of the developed cities and economic activities are in coastal areas. Half of the world’s traded goods and about half of the shipment of petroleum are transported through the ocean. China will work with all coastal countries to forge partnerships for marine cooperation, build shipping lanes, develop marine economy, utilize marine resources, and explore the unknown about the ocean so as to contribute to wider international marine cooperation.

——共同建设和谐之海。海洋是全人类的共同财富，应当建成绿色家园。人类已经进入21世纪，海洋不仅不是隔断各国沟通联系的障碍，而且日益成为不同文明间开放兼容、交流互鉴的桥梁和纽带。人们走向宽阔的海洋，就会拥有宽广的胸怀。海纳百川是中国文化传统的精华之一，体现了包容并蓄的美德，这与古希腊哲人所说“和谐会促进正义、美和善”异曲同工。人海合一是人与自然和谐相处的大道。各国都应坚持在开发海洋的同时，善待海洋生态，保护海洋环境，让海洋永远成为人类可以依赖、可以栖息、可以耕耘的美好家园。

– Working together for an ocean of harmony. The ocean is an asset shared by mankind and should be developed into a green home. In the 21st century, the ocean should not be a barrier to contacts between countries. Rather, it is increasingly becoming a bridge and bond of openness, inclusiveness, exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations. Those who are ready to embrace the vast ocean must be people with a broad mind. Inclusiveness is one of the essential cultural traditions of China and a virtue that enables nations to accommodate each other. It is in accord with the belief of ancient Greek philosophers that harmony generates justice, beauty and kindness. Harmony between man and the ocean is key to harmony between man and nature. While working on the development of the ocean, countries need to treat the marine ecology kindly and protect the marine environment so that the ocean will remain a place people can depend on and develop.

中国和希腊两国的友谊始于大海，又超越大海。建交42年来，双方理解日益加深，政治互信不断增强。尤其在各自困难时彼此患难与共、相互帮扶。希腊曾三次协助中国大规模海外撤员。1.3万名中国人顺利撤出利比亚的情景，至今深深铭刻在中国人民的心中。当希腊面临主权债务危机时，中国也毫不犹豫提供了支持。中国始终是欧洲债券，特别是好朋友希腊的国债长期和负责任的投资者。患难见真情，两国人民以海结缘的友谊经受了岁月和风雨考验，值得倍加珍惜。此访期间，我们看到，在希腊人民的辛勤努力下，主权债务危机的阴影正在逐步消散，结构性改革已经取得新的成效，各方面对希腊经济前景的信心明显增强。中方对希腊取得的成就感到高兴，并将继续采取合作的措施支持贵国经济复苏。

The friendship between China and Greece originated from the ocean, yet it goes far beyond the ocean. Over the past 42 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the two sides have deepened mutual understanding, enhanced political trust and helped and supported each other in difficult times. Greece has helped China during three massive overseas evacuation operations involving Chinese nationals. The Chinese people still keep a vivid memory of the evacuation of 13,000 Chinese from Libya. And, when Greece was faced with a sovereign debt crisis, China readily provided support to Greece. China has always been a long-term and responsible investor of the European government bonds, especially the government bonds of Greece, China’s good friend. A friend in need is a friend indeed. The friendship between our two peoples, who have been brought together by the ocean, has stood the test of time and hardship, and should be cherished all the more. During this visit, we have seen that as a result of the hard work of the Greek people, the dark clouds of the sovereign debt crisis are being gradually dispersed, structural reforms have produced new results, and confidence in the Greek economy is markedly rising. China feels happy for what Greece has accomplished and will continue to take cooperative measures to support economic recovery of Greece.

中国和希腊的传统友谊基于我们的理念有许多相似之处，中希在和谐、正义、公平等方面是心灵相通的。刚才萨马拉斯总理提到中国的老子、孔子。中国人也十分熟悉贵国先哲的名字，像苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德。希腊很多神话故事在中国家喻户晓。中国古老的传说也为希腊人津津乐道。我听说希腊有这样一个说法，“一位希腊人的骨子里可能藏着一位中国人，一位中国人的骨子里可能藏着一位希腊人。”它表达了一种非常值得我们珍视的情感，就是中希友谊牢不可破。

The traditional friendship between China and Greece is based on the many commonalities in our thinking. China and Greece are of the same mind on harmony, justice and fairness. Prime Minister Samaras mentioned China’s philosophers Laozi and Confucius. Actually, the Chinese people are also very familiar with the names of your ancient philosophers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Many Greek myths are well-known in China and China’s legends are widely told among the Greek people. I heard people in Greece say that there may be a Chinese hidden in a Greek and a Greek hidden in a Chinese. In fact, it represents something very valuable, an unbreakable friendship between China and Greece.

此次是我担任中国政府总理后首访南欧国家，就选择了希腊。我们不仅开展了深入交流，更要推动务实合作。昨天，我同萨马拉斯总理进行了深入会谈，达成广泛共识。两国签署了海洋合作谅解备忘录，决定将2015年定为中希海洋年，成立中希政府间海洋合作委员会，加强在海洋科技、环保、防灾减灾和海上执法等领域务实合作。

I have chosen Greece to be the destination of my first visit as China’s Premier to a Southern European country. During the visit, we have not only carried out in-depth exchanges, but more importantly, advanced practical cooperation. Yesterday, Prime Minister Samaras and I had in-depth talks and reached broad agreement. The two sides signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Marine Affairs and announced the decisions to designate 2015 as the year of oceans for China and Greece, establish the inter-governmental Joint Committee of Marine Collaboration and enhance practical cooperation in marine science and technology, environmental protection, disaster prevention and reduction, maritime law enforcement and other areas.

今天上午，我同萨马拉斯总理一同考察了比雷埃夫斯港，在那里中国的中远集团同贵国企业进行了富有成果的合作。需要指出的是，从中国的沿海通过苏伊士运河经地中海到达比港，是中国到欧洲最短的航运距离。比港有着十分优越的地理位置，中国和欧盟的贸易规模巨大，欧盟是中国第一大贸易伙伴，每时每刻都有大量货物往来，其中80％通过海上运输。如果我们把中国到比港的这条航线建设好，它就能成为中欧贸易发展十分重要的又一条大通道，正像萨马拉斯总理所说，比港就会成为中国到欧洲的重要门户。中希在比港合作，也会使比港成为欧洲乃至世界上最具竞争力的港口。

This morning, Prime Minister Samaras and I toured the Piraeus container terminal. The China Ocean Shipping Company (COSCO) operating there has conducted fruitful cooperation with Greek companies. I want to point out that the shortest distance of shipping from China’s coast to Europe is through the Suez Canal to Piraeus via the Mediterranean. The two-way trade between China and the EU is of a huge size and the EU is China’s largest trading partner. Every day, goods are traded between China and the EU, and 80% of them are transported on the sea. If we fully develop the route of Piraeus, which enjoys a remarkable geographical advantage, it will become yet another major passage for China-EU trade, or, in the words of Prime Minister Samaras, an important gateway from China to Europe. China-Greece cooperation will make Piraeus the most competitive port in Europe and even the world.

我们还规划围绕比港发展修船业、船舶制造业，并从比港开始逐步改造从希腊通向欧洲腹地的铁路干线。这样做不仅有利于两国，有利于中欧，也有利于欧洲的繁荣发展，实现平衡可持续增长。我们愿与希方共同努力，把比港打造成为双方合作的亮点。今天的论坛不是坐而论道，而是要真正做些实事，争取结出硕果。

We also plan to develop the ship repair and shipbuilding industries in Piraeus and, starting from Piraeus, gradually upgrade the trunk railway from Greece to the hinterland of Europe. This will not only be conducive to China, but to Greece and the growth of China-EU relations. It will help Europe as it endeavors to achieve prosperity, development and balanced and sustainable growth. We stand ready to work with Greece to make Piraeus a highlight in our cooperation. Today’s forum is not a mere talk shop, but is intended to facilitate real results out of our cooperation.

与此同时，中希要深入推进航运产业合作。希腊是世界船舶运力第一大国，中国是世界船舶制造和货物进出口第一大国，也是希腊船东最主要的造船基地。双方合作正在向以航运为龙头的全产业链扩展，覆盖工业和服务业诸多方面。包括设计、营销、运输、物流仓储、金融保险等多个环节，两国在这些领域合作互有优势，需要我们着力开拓。

At the same time, China and Greece need to deepen cooperation in the shipping industry. Greece has the biggest shipping capacity in the world, while China is the largest shipbuilder and trader in goods and a primary shipbuilding base for Greek ship owners. Our cooperation is expanding to the whole spectrum of industrial chains, led by the shipping industry and covering various aspects of industry and services, and consists of multiple links such as design, marketing, transport, logistics, storage, finance and insurance. Our two countries hold respective strengths in these areas and need to work harder on it to expand cooperation.

两国还要拓展贸易投资合作领域。希腊的橄榄油、葡萄酒、大理石等农矿产品和加工制品在世界享有盛誉。我们将优化贸易结构，增加从希进口，欢迎希腊企业到中国推销优质产品。中方还愿扩大在希投资，鼓励本国企业以多种方式同希方合作，在机场、铁路、公路、水电等领域，不断拓展双方互利互惠合作。去年中国公民出境近1亿人次，如果有1％到希腊，就是100万人次，扩大中希两国旅游等人文合作潜力巨大。

What is more, we need to expand areas of trade and investment cooperation. Greek olive oil, wine, marble and other agricultural and mining products as well as processed products are well-known in the world. We will improve trade mix and increase imports from Greece, and welcome Greek companies to China to promote quality products. We will also invest more in Greece, encourage Chinese companies to cooperate with the Greek side in multiple forms and expand our mutually beneficial cooperation in such areas as airport, railway, highway and hydropower facilities. Last year, the Chinese made nearly 100 million outbound trips. If only 1% of them would come to Greece, that would be one million visits. There is indeed great potential to tap in tourism and people-to-people exchanges.

中希合作是中欧关系发展的组成部分。希腊是欧盟重要一员，是中国在欧盟的友好合作伙伴之一。目前希腊还在担任欧盟轮值主席国。中方愿与希方共同推动落实《中欧合作2020战略规划》，推动中欧深化海洋合作，为拓展中欧全面战略伙伴关系，构建和平、增长、改革、文明四大伙伴发挥积极作用。

China-Greece cooperation is part of a growing China-EU relationship. Greece is an important member of the EU and a friendly cooperation partner for China in the EU. Greece now holds the rotating EU presidency. China wishes to work with Greece to implement the China-EU 2020 Strategic Agenda for Cooperation, deepen China-EU marine cooperation and play an active part in expanding the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership and make the two sides partners for peace, growth, reform and civilization.

生活在海边的民族最懂得海的启示。大海有潮起潮落，一个国家的经济发展也会有起有伏，建设现代海洋文明同样需要我们有勇气乘风破浪。大海可以海纳百川，国与国之间也应相互包容、开展对话、交流互鉴。同时，中希两国是有着古老文明和智慧的国家。我们要在未来的航程中携手同行，以大海般的胸怀和历久弥新的智慧，让古老的中华文明与希腊文明绽放出时代的光彩，为塑造根植传统、面向未来的现代海洋文明做出两国特殊的贡献！

People living by the sea know best how the sea may inspire us. The sea has seen both high tide and low tide. A country’s economy may follow the same course, and our endeavor to build a modern-time oceanic civilization also requires the courage to brave difficulties. The sea is vast and refuses no rivers or streams. Likewise, countries need to accommodate each other, talk with and learn more from each other. Both China and Greece are ancient civilizations and both have benefited from our traditional wisdom. In our future journeys, China will join hands with Greece and, drawing on the durable wisdom of the sea and in the same measure of its openness, strive to make the ancient Chinese and Greek civilizations shine with new splendor in our time and make distinct contribution to fostering a modern oceanic civilization that is rooted in tradition and oriented towards the future.