戴秉国在生态文明贵阳国际论坛2014年会“共建绿色丝绸之路”分论坛上的发言（中英对照 ...

中文版：戴秉国在生态文明贵阳国际论坛2014年会“共建绿色丝绸之路”分论坛上的发言.doc

英文版：Jointly Build the Silk Roads for the 21st Century with Openness and Inclusiveness.doc

开放包容，共建21世纪丝绸之路

Jointly Build the Silk Roads for the 21st Century with Openness and Inclusiveness

 

——戴秉国在生态文明贵阳国际论坛2014年会“共建绿色丝绸之路”分论坛上的发言

– Speech by H.E. Dai Bingguo at Eco Forum Global Annual Conference Guiyang 2014

 

2014年7月11日 贵阳

Guiyang, 11 July 2014

 

大家下午好。

 

Good afternoon.

 

很高兴出席生态文明贵阳国际论坛2014年会。今年的年会首次举办丝绸之路分论坛，将生态文明和丝绸之路结合在一起，契合时代潮流和领导人倡议，反映了丝绸之路沿途数十个国家几十亿民众的心声。

 

It is my pleasure to attend the Eco Forum Global Annual Conference Guiyang 2014. This year, a sub-forum on the Silk Roads is held for the first time, which combines the themes of eco-friendliness and the Silk Roads. It answers the call of the time, follows the initiatives of our leaders and also speaks to the aspirations of billions of people from dozens of countries along the Silk Roads.

 

大家知道，在漫漫2000多年的历史长河中，我们的先人劈荆斩浪、排除万难，开辟了陆海丝绸之路，为东西方的交流、沟通、融合，为人类的文明和进步作出了巨大贡献。历史已经证明：

 

As we know, in the course of over 2,000 years, our ancestors traversed through thorns and waves and opened the ancient Silk Road and the maritime Silk Road, making immense contribution to the exchanges and integration between the East and the West as well as human civilization and progress.

 

古丝绸之路是一条沟通中外、互通有无的共同繁荣发展之路。丝绸之路发端于中国。陆上丝路途经中亚、南亚、西亚、欧洲以至北非，穿越近30个国家，全长近8000公里。海上丝路穿过黄海、东海、南海、太平洋、印度洋，近抵朝鲜、日本、东南亚各国，远达南太诸岛、南亚各国乃至东非。中国通过陆海丝路输出了什么？不是刀与剑，血与火，而是丝绸、瓷器等大量商品和井渠术、冶炼术、蚕桑术、造纸术、活字印刷术、火药等古代文明成果。同时，各国的苜蓿、葡萄、胡萝卜、胡椒、胡桃、石榴、大蒜、香料、珠宝、琉璃等物产源源东来，西方的玻璃制造、阿拉伯的天文历法、医术等也传入东方。2000多年来，陆海丝路上来来往往的物流、人流和技术交流大大提升了各国生产力和民众生活水平，推动沿路各个国家、各个民族经济一次次走向繁荣。

 

It has been proved that the ancient Silk Roads were roads towards common prosperity and development that connected China with the rest of the world through trade and cultural exchanges. With its starting point in China, the 8,000-kilometer-long Silk Road ran through nearly 30 countries in Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Europe and North Africa. The maritime Silk Road ran through the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean towards the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Southeast Asian countries and even as far as countries in the South Pacific, South Asia and East Africa. What China exported via the Silk Roads on the land and the sea was not weapons or war, but silk, porcelain and products of ancient Chinese civilization such as well-drilling technique, metallurgy, silkworm breeding, papermaking, movable-type printing and gunpowder. Through this road, goods from other countries, such as alfalfa, grapes, carrots, pepper, walnuts, pomegranates, garlic, spices, jewelry and colored glaze, also came to China, along with the art of glass making and the Arabic astronomy, calendar and medicine. Over those 2,000 years and more, the exchange of goods, people and technologies via the overland and maritime Silk Roads greatly improved the productivity and people’s lives of all countries and contributed to the prosperity of all nations along the way.

 

古丝绸之路是一条各种文明相互交融借鉴的共同进步之路。上个世纪的英国哲人罗素曾说，不同文明的接触，常常成为人类进步的里程碑。丝绸之路绵延2000多年的历史，是一部东西方文化和思想的交流史、互鉴史。一部部中国、印度、西亚、罗马、希腊等东西方文明的历史更是见证了丝绸之路超越道路和流通功能、推动不同文明间交流互鉴、相互融合的辉煌历程。从张謇、郑和西行的伟大创举，到马可·波罗、利玛窦坎坷艰辛的东方之旅，无不彰显出来自不同文化背景的人们对于异域文明的发自内心的好奇、尊重与求索。在中国，唐玄奘沿着丝绸之路取来印度的真经，以佛教为代表的异域文化对中国本土文化产生了深刻而久远的影响，而中国本土特有的谦和、顺势而为的精神又为各种异域文化发扬光大提供了包容的土壤。在西方，以伏尔泰为代表的西方思想家们也许从未到过中国，但他们却从丝绸之路上传来的儒家、道家、《易经》等中国典籍中敏锐地发觉和吸取了中国在道德、法律、文官制度等方面的精髓，推动欧洲实现了又一次的思想解放。正如法国前总统希拉克当年所说，法国的启蒙思想家在“中国看到了一个理性、和谐的世界，这个世界听命于自然法则且又体现了宇宙之大秩序”。

 

The ancient Silk Roads were roads of integration and mutual learning among various civilizations towards common progress. The 20th century British philosopher Bertrand Russell observed and I quote, “Contacts between different civilizations have often in the past proved to be landmarks in human progress.” The 2,000-year history of the ancient Silk Roads is a history of exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western cultures and thinking. Both the Eastern and Western civilizations, including those of China, India, West Asian countries, Rome and Greece, witnessed the growth of the Silk Roads from mere transportation and trading routes to a catalyst of two-way learning and integration between civilizations. The pioneering westward journeys of Zhang Qian and Zheng He and the arduous eastward journeys of Marco Polo and Matteo Ricci all reflected the genuine curiosity and respect of people towards another culture. After Hiuen Tsang’s pilgrimage through the Silk Road to India in the Tang Dynasty in quest of Buddhist scriptures, foreign cultures, represented by Buddhism, began to have a profound and far-reaching influence on the Chinese culture. Likewise, the spirit of being modest and adaptive, inherent in the Chinese culture, provided the breeding ground for the growth and spread of foreign cultures in China. Voltaire and other Western thinkers had never been to China, but from Chinese classics introduced via the Silk Roads, such as Confucianism, Taoism and the Book of Changes, they were quick to discover the essence of China’s moral, legal and civil service system while pushing for yet another liberation of mind across Europe. As former French President Jacques Chirac put it, the French Enlightenment thinkers saw a sensible and harmonious world in China, a world that submitted itself to the law of nature and manifested the overriding order of the cosmos.

 

古丝绸之路是一条亲仁善邻、追求和而不同的和平友好之路。如果用一个字来归纳中华民族精神最根本的特性，我以为，那就是“和”。无论在自然界还是人类社会，都强调阴阳调和，“万物各得其和以生，各得其养以成”。早在2700多年前的春秋时期，齐国的思想家、政治家管仲就提出了不结盟、不黩武、善与邻、管好边的四原则，主张内外均和，不用兵革，开放国门，唯善是举。这一“和”的思想对丝绸之路的开辟乃至对中华民族2000多年来的对外政策都产生了深远的影响。陆海两条丝绸之路首先是中国与周边的各个国家、各个民族之间的大道通途，居相邻，路相衔，情相近、心相通。可以说，2000多年来，绝大多数时间里，陆海两条丝绸之路上流动的都是和平、友谊、繁荣和文明。

 

The ancient Silk Roads were roads for peace and friendship featuring benevolence, good-neighborliness, and harmony without uniformity. In my view, the fundamental spirit of the Chinese nation boils down to “harmony”. Be it in Mother Nature or human society, it is important to have harmonious combination of yin and yang so that “All living things live in harmony and grow with nourishments.” In the Spring and Autumn Period of China more than 2,700 years ago, Guan Zhong, an ancient philosopher and politician of Qi Kingdom, put forward four principles, namely non-alliance, non-belligerence, good-neighborliness and proper management of border areas. He advocated harmony at home and abroad, no use of force, opening up to the outside world and meritocracy. The philosophy of harmony had a far-reaching impact on building the Silk Road and even the foreign policy of China over the past 2,000 years. The overland and maritime Silk Roads had not only geographically connected China with its neighboring countries and nations, but also created a cultural bond. It is fair to say that for most of the time over the past two millennia, the two ancient Silk Roads have been a symbol of peace, friendship, prosperity and civilization.

 

女士们，先生们，朋友们，

 

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Dear Friends,

 

2000多年的沧桑巨变改变了我们共同生活的这个星球的面貌，经济全球化、社会信息化乃至数据化革命把我们带入了人类命运共同体的新时期。而另一方面，人类又共同面临一系列的难题和挑战，其中，一个严酷的事实是，我们所说的21世纪丝绸之路沿途国家，绝大多数都还是发展中国家，还存在着区域和城乡发展不平衡的老大难问题，还居住着为数众多的吃不饱肚子、喝不上干净水、缺医少药的贫困人口。要和平、要安全、要发展、要就业、要一个良好的生态环境，正日益成为绝大多数人的共识。从某种意义上讲，“一带一路”理念为这些问题的解决指出了一条行之有效的出路。今天，我们建设21世纪的丝绸之路既要继承发扬古丝绸之路的好传统，又要与时俱进，开拓创新，共同创造新的辉煌。

 

Our planet has changed profoundly over the past 2,000 years. Economic globalization, IT application and digital revolution have brought us into a new era when we are in a community of shared destiny. Mankind still faces a series of tough challenges, among which is a harsh reality that most of the countries along the Silk Roads for the 21st Century are developing countries with the longstanding problem of uneven development between urban and rural areas and among different regions, where many impoverished people still lack access to food, clean water, health services and medicine. Peace, security, development, employment and a sound ecosystem have increasingly become the common aspirations of most of the people. In a sense, the idea of “One Belt One Road” (Silk Road Economic Belt and Maritime Silk Road of the 21st Century) provides a viable solution to those issues. In building the Silk Roads for the 21st Century, we should carry forward the fine tradition of the ancient Silk Roads and at the same time keep up with the times and make pioneering efforts to jointly make new achievements.

 

我想，首先，需要共同营造一个持久和平稳定的国际地区大环境。丝绸之路沿途各国大小不同、政治制度不同、发展阶段不同、文化传统不同，但大家求和平谋发展的愿望是共同的，各国间利益交融、安危与共的命运是共同的。各国都要致力于维护新的陆海丝绸之路沿途地区海、陆安全，要按照和平共处五项原则这个处理国家间关系的黄金法则切实做到相互尊重、平等相待、和平友好相处。没有和平稳定的大环境，21世纪的丝绸之路的建设将是一句空话。我们中国将坚定不移地走和平发展道路，绝不走扩张称霸的死路。古丝绸之路的历史充分证明，即便在汉唐这些中国强盛时代，中国人始终是丝绸之路上和平和友好交流与合作的使者。21世纪，中国仍然始终是维护丝绸之路和平稳定的重要力量。我们将坚持共商、共建、共享原则，愿与世界各国特别是丝绸之路沿途各国一道共同致力于为21世纪的丝绸之路建设营造和平稳定的国际和地区大环境。不管中国将来如何发展强大，这一条都不会改变。

 

In my opinion, first, we need to work together to create an international and regional environment of enduring peace and stability. Countries along the Silk Roads differ in size, political system, development level and cultural tradition, but share the aspiration of pursuing peace and development. We have a common destiny of shared interests. We need to commit ourselves to the security of the regions along the new overland and maritime Silk Roads, embrace the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence as the golden rule in handling state-to-state relations, and respect each other with all sincerity, treat each other as equals and live in peace and harmony. Without a peaceful and stable environment, building the Silk Roads for the 21st Century would be an empty slogan. China will stick to the path of peaceful development and reject expansion and hegemony which is a dead end. The history of the ancient Silk Roads testified that the Chinese people were envoys of peaceful and friendly exchanges and cooperation, even in the Han and Tang dynasties when the country was most strong and prosperous. In the 21st century, China still is an important force for peace and stability along the Silk Roads. We will uphold the principles of working together through consultation and sharing the benefits, and join the other countries in the world, in particular those along the Silk Roads to foster a peaceful and stable international and regional environment for building the Silk Roads for the 21st Century. This position will not change even when China becomes more developed and stronger in the future.

 

第二，建设21世纪的丝绸之路需要有一个开放包容的心态。去年我曾提出过一个观点，就是心态决定生态。实际上，世界上好多东西都受到人们心态的影响。我们不仅要讲生态文明，更要讲心态文明。当前，在人类社会日益紧密互联的全球经济体系中，商品流、服务流、金融流、数据流、通信流、人员流、知识密集型流等等，相互交织，改变了、而且继续深刻改变着人类的生产生活状态。在这样一个相互依存、休戚与共而又势不可当的历史潮流中，要想成功建设21世纪的丝绸之路，有着不同文明和发展水平的沿途国家应当本着海纳百川的胸怀，开放包容的心态积极参与进去。谁都不要孤芳自赏、唯我独尊；不要同舟共挤，而要同舟共济；不要只想自己发展、妒嫉别人发展；不要只想自己好、唯恐别人好。要把别人的发展视为自身的机遇，并努力促进别人的发展从而为自己创造更好的发展机遇，以实现各自在更高水平上的发展。总之，大家的心眼都要大一点、好一点、善一点。纵观人类发展历史，一种文明不可能唯我独尊，各种文明和而不同，和谐共处才是常态。一个国家不可能永久领先，此起彼伏，你追我赶，相互促进才是常态。各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，才能天下大同。

 

Second, to build the Silk Roads for the 21st Century requires an open and inclusive mentality. Last year I raised a viewpoint that mentality determines the state of ecology. In fact, many things in the world are influenced by people’s mentality. We need both ecological progress and good mentality. The humanity today is closely interconnected in the global economy. We see flows of commodities, services, finance, data, communications, personnel and knowledge working together to profoundly change our ways of work and life. Facing this overwhelming historical trend in a highly interdependent world, countries along the Silk Roads with different cultural backgrounds and development levels need to participate in the building of the Silk Roads for the 21st Century with an open and inclusive mind to make the endeavor a success. No one should indulge in self-admiration or seek supremacy. We should stand together instead of squeezing each other out and reject the mindset of pursuing one’s own development at the expense of others and envying or fearing others’ development. We need to view others’ development as an opportunity to ourselves, and help others develop to create more opportunities for ourselves and achieve a higher level of common development. All in all, we should all have an inclusive, kind and generous mind. In human history, no single civilization can assume primacy. The harmonious coexistence of different civilizations is the normality. No countries remain at the forefront forever. The normality is mutual reinforcement through competition among all nations. Countries should respect each other’s interests while pursuing their own and advance common interests of all.

 

第三，建设21世纪的丝绸之路需要惠及沿途国家的民生。我们常说，民之所望，施政所向。新华社记者曾经问哈萨克斯坦一名21岁的女大学生爱拉，“如果把汉语、石油和丝绸之路三者放在一起，你最先想到的是什么？”爱拉回答说，就是两个字，“就业”。13年前，来自也门的阿里在中国广州开了第一家沙巴餐馆，7年前，他又在浙江义乌开了第二家。阿里说，“我的梦想是拿到一张中国绿卡”。也许，21世纪丝绸之路建设的伟力就来自这些不同国家、一个个充满活力的个体民众当中。只有让丝绸之路带来的繁荣与发展惠及沿途的国家、城市、社区和普通民众，让大家共享发展的成果，共同沐浴在和平安宁与繁荣富裕的阳光当中，21世纪丝绸之路才能越走越宽广。

 

Third, the Silk Roads for the 21st Century should benefit the people in countries along the way. We often say that the government should work to fulfill the aspirations of the people. A journalist of Xinhua News Agency once asked Ella, a 21-year-old Kazakh college girl, “If the Chinese language, oil and the Silk Road are put together, what does it first remind you of?” Ella answered with a simple word, “Jobs.” Thirteen years ago, Ali, a Yemeni opened his first Saba Restaurant in Guangzhou, China. Seven years ago, he opened a second one in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province. He once said, “My dream is to get a Chinese Green Card.” The driving force for building the Silk Roads for the 21st Century may come from these energetic individuals. Only by benefiting all the countries, cities, communities and the people along the Silk Roads, sharing development gains with everyone and bringing peace, security, prosperity and wealth to all, can we shape an even brighter future for the Silk Roads for the 21st century.