世卫组织总干事向常驻联合国日内瓦办事处代表团通报埃博拉疫情（中英对照）

英文版：Briefing to United Nations Member States on the Ebola Outbreak and Response in G.doc

中文版：有关几内亚、利比里亚、尼日利亚和塞拉利昂埃博拉疫情和应对工作向联合国会员国的通报.doc

Briefing to United Nations Member States on the Ebola Outbreak and Response in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone

有关几内亚、利比里亚、尼日利亚和塞拉利昂埃博拉疫情和应对工作向联合国会员国的通报

 

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍博士

 

Geneva, Switzerland

瑞士日内瓦

 

12 August 2014

2014年8月12日

 

Distinguished Member States of the United Nations, ambassadors, diplomats, ladies and gentlemen,

 

尊敬的联合国会员国、各位大使、外交官、女士们、先生们：

 

Thank you. I want to share WHO’s assessment of the Ebola outbreak and brief you on the response.

 

谢谢各位。我借此机会介绍世卫组织对埃博拉疫情的评估并向各位通报我们的应对工作。

 

We are facing a public health emergency of international concern.

 

我们正面临一次国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。

 

The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa is a crisis. It is a crisis for the affected countries and their neighbours, for the African continent, and for the international community.

 

西非埃博拉病毒病疫情是一次危机。对受影响国家及其邻国、非洲大陆乃至整个国际社会都是一次危机。

 

The outbreak is unprecedented in its size, severity, and complexity. Cases are occurring in remote rural areas that are difficult to access, but also in capital cities.

 

疫情的规模、严重性和复杂性前所未有。病例既发生在偏远、不便的农村地区，也发生在首都城市。

 

Confirmation of the first case in Lagos, Nigeria, was a wake-up call. Ebola virus disease can be spread by international travel, placing every city with an international airport at risk of an imported case.

 

尼日利亚拉各斯确认的第一个病例敲响了警钟。埃博拉病毒病可以通过国际旅行传播，使每个有国际机场的城市都面临输入病例的风险。

 

To date, nearly 2000 people have been infected and more than 1000 have died. No one is talking about an early end to the outbreak.

 

迄今已有近两千人感染，一千余人死亡。没有人认为疫情会很快结束。

 

This is a severe health crisis, and it can rapidly become a humanitarian crisis if we do not do more to stop transmission.

 

这是一次严重的卫生危机。而且，如果我们不做更多努力阻断传播，它将很快发展为人道主义危机。

 

Decisions to seal off the hot zone of disease transmission, that is, the area where the borders of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone intersect, are critical for stopping the reinfection of areas via the cross-border movement of people.

 

封闭几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂交界区疾病传播热点区域的决定对于阻止跨境人员流动造成的重新感染至关重要。

 

More than one million people are affected, and these people need daily material support, including food. The isolation of this zone has made it even more difficult for agencies, like MSF, to bring in staff and supplies.

 

受到影响的人口达一百多万，他们需要日用物资支持，包括食物。这一区域的隔离使无国界医生组织等机构更难向该地派出人员或发送物资。

 

I have discussed this situation with the presidents of the three countries. The international community must come together to give them the resources they need.

 

我与这三个国家的总统讨论了当前形势。国际社会必须团结起来，给他们提供所需的资源。

 

The number of health-care workers who have been infected is unprecedented. In past outbreaks, transmission of the virus in health-care settings ended after the Ebola virus was identified and measures for infection control were put in place.

 

被感染卫生工作者的数量也是前所未有的。在过去的疫情中，确认埃博拉病毒并采取感染控制措施后，医疗保健环境下的病毒传播就会终止。

 

Not in the current outbreak. To date, nearly 170 health-care workers have been infected, and more than 80 have died.

 

这次疫情则不然。迄今，已有近170位卫生工作者被感染，80多位已经死亡。

 

The infections and deaths of health-care workers have three major consequences. First, they diminish one of the most important assets for the response to any outbreak.

 

卫生工作者的感染和死亡有三个主要后果。首先，这会减少应对任何疫情的最重要资产。

 

Second, they can lead to the closure of hospitals and isolation wards, especially when staff refuse to come to work. Third, they drive fear, already very high, to new extremes. The general public is asking this question: if well-trained and equipped doctors and nurses are getting infected, what hope is there for us?

 

其次，这会导致医院和隔离病房关闭，特别是如果医院员工拒绝上班的话。第三，这会使原本就很深的恐惧达到极端的程度。一般公众都在问：如果经过培训而且有防护的医生和护士都被感染了，我们还有什么希望？

 

This is what I heard yesterday, in a meeting with ambassadors from a core group of African countries. Many feel helpless and hopeless given the demands of this outbreak, which far outstrip their capacity to respond. Others on the panel will be sharing their assessments.

 

昨天与来自核心非洲国家的大使们开会时我就听到了这个信息。鉴于这次疫情的压力已远远超出应对能力，很多人感到无助和绝望。今天的其他发言人还会谈到他们对形势的判断。

 

As just one example, a facility treating 70 Ebola patients needs at least 250 health-care workers. In this region, staff are scarce and hospitals with isolation facilities are virtually non-existent.

 

我在这里举一个例子。一家收治70位埃博拉病患者的设施需要至少250位卫生工作者。而这个区域员工稀缺，且基本上没有带隔离设施的医院。

 

Many facilities lack reliable supplies of electricity and running water. Other severe infectious diseases, like malaria, typhoid fever, and Lassa fever, and many chronic diseases are being neglected, as people are too frightened to seek hospital care.

 

许多设施没有可靠的电力和自来水供应。疟疾、伤寒和拉沙热等其它严重传染病以及许多慢性病都被忽视了，因为人们害怕去医院。

 

Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have only recently returned to political stability following years of civil war and conflict, which left health systems largely destroyed or severely disabled.

 

此前几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂都经历过多年内战和冲突，近些年才重获政治稳定。而战争和冲突很大程度上毁灭或严重破坏了卫生系统。

 

The outbreak, which is already having serious economic consequences, threatens to push these countries backwards. Airlines are cancelling flights. Companies are moving their staff out.

 

疫情已经产生严重经济后果，将很可能使这些国家倒退。航空公司正在取消航班。公司正在撤离员工。

 

Let me be clear. Travel bans will not stop this outbreak. But preventive efforts will.

 

我得说明，旅行禁令将无法阻止疫情，但预防工作可以。

 

Standard measures, like early detection and isolation of cases, contact tracing and monitoring, and rigorous procedures for infection control, have stopped previous Ebola outbreaks and can do so again. We have learned much during past outbreaks, including in Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.

 

及早发现并隔离病例、追踪并监测接触者以及严格执行感染控制措施等标准做法曾经阻止了以前的埃博拉疫情，这回也可以发挥作用。我们已经从过去发生在乌干达、刚果民主共和国和加蓬等国的疫情中学到很多东西。

 

But like the outbreak, the challenges to containment are unprecedented. The recent surge in the number of cases has stretched all capacities to the breaking point.

 

但是，和这次疫情一样，遏制病毒传播的挑战前所未有。最近病例数大幅度增加已经使所有应对能力紧张到极点。

 

Supplies of personal protective equipment and disinfectants are inadequate. Rumours and myths abound. The outbreak continues to outstrip diagnostic capacity, delaying the confirmation or exclusion of cases and impeding contact tracing.

 

个人防护设备和消毒剂供应不足。谣言和神话满天飞。疫情发展超出诊断能力，造成确认或排除病例方面的拖延，也影响了接触者追踪。

 

Some treatment facilities are overflowing. All beds are occupied and patients are being turned away.

 

一些治疗机构人满为患。所有床位都已被占，无法接收患者。

 

Other facilities are empty. The fact that Ebola has no cure reinforces the desire of families to care for loved ones in their homes or seek help from traditional healers. Both practices fuel further transmission.

 

其他机构则空空如也。因为埃博拉无法治愈，患者家庭越发想要在家护理自己的亲人或者寻求传统治疗师的帮助。这两种做法都导致病毒进一步传播。

 

Deep-seated traditional burial practices, which involve close contact with highly infectious corpses, are another major impediment to control. In Guinea, for example, around 60% of cases have been associated with burial practices.

 

根深蒂固的传统埋葬方法涉及与具有高度传染性的尸体密切接触，这是控制疫情的又一个主要障碍。例如，在几内亚，约60%的病例被发现与埋葬方法有关。

 

Data from the field show that risks of transmission are greatly diminished when burials are performed, with dignity, by properly trained teams with pay, mobile phones, and designated vehicles.

 

来自现场的数据表明，如果能够由经过适当培训、获得报酬、使用手机和专门车辆的团队提供有尊严的埋葬，则传播风险可以大大降低。

 

Six months into the outbreak, fear is proving to be the most difficult barrier to overcome. Fear causes contacts of cases to escape from the surveillance system, families to hide symptomatic loved ones, and patients to flee treatment centres. Fear, and the hostility it can provoke, have threatened the security of national and international response teams.

 

疫情发生六个月来的情况证明，恐惧是最难克服的障碍。恐惧导致病例接触者逃离监测、家庭把出现症状的亲人藏匿起来、患者逃离治疗中心。恐惧和恐惧引起的敌意威胁着有关国家和国际应对团队的安全。