国务院发展研究中心主任李伟在英国皇家国际事务研究所的演讲（中英对照）

加大能源技术创新，共同创造绿色、可持续和美好的明天

Strengthen the Innovation of Energy Technology and Work Together for a Green, Sustainable and Bright Future

——在英国皇家国际事务研究所的演讲

--Address at the Chatham House

国务院发展研究中心主任李伟

Li Wei, President, Development Research Center of the State Council

2014年7月7日

July 7, 2014

尊敬的尼布利特所长、威利茨部长，

女士们，先生们：

Distinguished Director Niblett,

Distinguished Minister Willetts,

Ladies and gentlemen,

下午好！

Good afternoon.

很荣幸来到历史悠久、享誉世界的国际事务领域著名研究机构——英国皇家国际事务研究所演讲。我和我的同事们很高兴本着开放、坦诚精神与各位朋友进行交流。

It is a great pleasure to address at the Chatham House, a time-honored and world-famous research institute in the field of international affairs. My colleagues and I are very glad to participate in exchanging views with an open and honest approach.

三周前，中国国务院总理李克强先生成功访问英国，在李克强总理和卡梅伦首相的见证下，中英双方签订了一系列重要合作协议，能源合作是其中的重头戏，加强智库交流和合作也是两国领导人达成的重要共识。李克强总理在英国皇家国际事务研究所和国际战略研究所共同主办的会议上发表了重要演讲。可以说，今天的活动是落实两国领导人达成的重要协议、促进中英双方深化合作的一个实际举措，感谢英国皇家国际事务研究所的精心安排和各位的积极参与。

Three weeks ago, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang paid a fruitful visit to the UK. Witnessed by Premier Li and Prime Minister Cameron, a series of important cooperation agreements were signed between the two countries. In the agreement, energy cooperation is highlighted and to enhance the communication and cooperation between our think tanks is an important consensus. At the event hosted jointly by the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Premier Li delivered an important speech. We can say that today’s activity is another practical move to implement the agreement reached by the leaders and to deepen cooperation between the two sides. I would like to express my gratitude for the thoughtful arrangement by Chatham House and for the active participation of you all.

下面，我仅对能源技术创新特别是中国能源技术创新谈一些看法，供各位参考。

Now, I would like to share some of my observations on the energy technology innovation, especially from the perspective of China.

一是能源技术创新将创造一个更加绿色、更加持续和更加美好的明天。能源是现代社会生存的物质基础，也是人类社会进步发展的动力源泉。从历史上看，蒸汽机的出现使得机械替代了劳动，集中式工厂开始出现；电力的出现实现了能源的便捷利用，使得大规模流水线作业成为可能。这些能源技术的突破，不仅仅改变了能源系统的本身，而且引发了第一次工业革命和第二次工业革命，使得社会生产力和人类福祉跃升上一个新的台阶。当然，飞速发展的同时也带来了环境污染、生态破坏、资源枯竭、全球变暖等问题，尤其是人类生活方式的快速转变和对生活质量追求的不断提升，极大地加剧了能源供给的矛盾，而对能源资源的争夺也常常导致国际形势紧张和地区冲突。但我们不会止步于此，人类追求美好生活的愿望与破解人类持续发展的难题是相辅相成、互为因果的。当前，在风电、太阳能、海洋能等可再生能源领域，在页岩气、页岩油等非常规油气领域，在新一代核电技术和核聚变领域，在电动汽车、智能楼宇等用能领域，出现了一系列的重大技术突破。新一代能源系统的轮廓正日渐清晰、逐步成型，并和互联网技术、新材料技术和生物技术一道开启了第三次工业革命的大门。非常值得庆幸的是，自上世纪90年代以来，全球在可再生能源和能效领域的研发投入和专利发明大幅上升，这些投入在当下已开花结果，让我们对未来更加充满信心和希望。我们坚信，人类的智慧和创新热情永远不会枯竭，增长没有极限，资源也会万世永续，人类的明天一定会更加美好。

First, the innovation of energy technology will create a greener, more sustainable and brighter future. Energy is both the material living basis in modern society and the source of motivation for the progress of human society. Historically, due to the invention of steam engine, machine production started to replace human labor, and centralized factories began to appear; and thanks to electric power, the utilization of energy became convenient, making it possible to work in large-scale assembly lines. Those energy technology breakthroughs not only changed the energy system itself, but also sparked the first and the second industrial revolutions, leading the social productivity and the level of people’s welfare to a new stage. Admittedly, the speedy development has triggered some problems, such as environmental pollution, ecological destruction, the depletion of natural resources and global warming. And the rapid changes of lifestyles and the unceasing pursuit of living quality have greatly aggravated the contradiction between energy supply and demand. Besides, the competition for energy resources has often led to international tensions and regional conflicts. However, we will not hold our steps. The desire for a better life and the effort to realize sustainable development complement each other and interact as both cause and effect. At present, a series of breakthrough have been achieved, not only in the field of renewable energy, such as wind power, solar power and marine energy, but also in shale gas, shale oil and other unconventional oil and gas; and breakthroughs can also be found in the new generation of nuclear technology and nuclear fusion, as well as the use of energy in electric vehicles and intelligent buildings. The new-generation energy system is gradually taking a clear shape. Together with internet technology, new material technology and biological technology, the new energy system is opening the door of the third industrial revolution. Fortunately, since the 1990s, the global R&D investments and patented inventions in the field of renewable energy and energy efficiency have increased remarkably. And today those efforts have bared fruits and gained reward, giving us hope and confidence for the future. We firmly believe that, human wisdom and the enthusiasm for innovation will never dry up, growth will not hit the ceiling, resources could be sustainable, and tomorrow will be nicer.

二是中国能源问题的根本出路在于创新。中国是世界上能源消耗最大的国家之一，并在相当长的时间内保持较快的增长速度。这里，我要说的是这并非中国的过错，一是中国占了世界总人口的近1/5；二是中国的能源消耗为许多国家提供了大量价廉实用的商品。根据我们的测算，即使中国经济增速从10%左右过渡到一段时间内7%左右的中高速增长，未来十年中国的能源消耗仍将保持4%左右的增长速度。相应地，能源开发利用带来的环境资源压力会更大，2013年中国的石油对外依存度达到了58%，首次成为第一大石油进口国。中国的大气环境污染特别是PM2.5污染问题已成为社会公众关注的焦点。在温室气体排放方面，虽然作为发展中国家，发展仍然是中国面临的首要任务，但我们也清晰地认识到气候变化给中国和世界带来的危害，中国将会为全球控制气候变化做出应有的和发展阶段可以承受的贡献。我们在研究中国能源战略时，切实地感觉到中国的能源问题是世界性难题，没有哪个国家的能源需求如此巨大，而资源供应如此有限，环境生态问题又如此紧迫。

Second, the fundamental way out to solve China’s energy problem lies in innovation. China is one of the biggest energy consumers in the world and will keep its rapid growth for a considerably long time. I should say that it is not China’s fault, because, on one hand, China has accounted for almost 1/5 of the world population, and on the other hand, the energy consumed has enabled China to provide a lot of cheap and practical products for many other countries. According to our calculation, despite the slowdown of average economic growth rate from around 10% to 7%, China will keep an average increase rate of about 4% in energy consumption in the following ten years. As a result, energy exploitation and utilization will lead to higher pressure from environment and resources. China’s dependence on oil import reached 58% in 2013, having become the biggest oil importer in the world for the first time. The air pollution problem, especially the PM_2.5 pollution in China, has become the focus of public attention. In terms of greenhouse gas emission, though China is still a developing country facing the primary task of development, it is also fully aware of the harmful effect brought by climate change to China and to the world. And China will make due and currently affordable contribution to the global efforts to address the climate change. During our research on China’s energy strategy, we have truly realized that China’s energy problem is a worldwide one, as there is no other country as China faced with such huge energy demand, limited resources supply and urgent ecological problem.

近期，中国国家主席习近平就能源问题发表重要讲话，明确指出，中国要实现能源消费革命、能源供给革命、能源技术革命和能源体制革命。这就是说，中国要走出一条新型的能源发展道路，构建起高效、绿色、安全的能源系统。在这个系统中，不仅需要新兴的可再生能源技术和智能能源技术，需要先进的非常规油气技术和核电技术，还需要传统的节能技术和煤炭清洁高效利用技术，所有的这些技术在中国都有用武之地。中国也认识到技术创新在构建新型能源系统中的巨大作用，近年来，中国能源节约的70%是来自于高效节能的新设备的应用，风电、太阳能发电装机的快速增加提供了大量的清洁能源。2013年中国风电装机成为世界第一，达到9142万千瓦，大体上相当于英国发电装机总量。从发展的趋势来看，新技术的应用在未来的中国能源发展中将发挥更为关键的作用。

Recently, Chinese President Xi Jinping has delivered an important speech on energy issue, explicitly pointing out that China is in need of a series of revolution in energy consumption, energy supply, energy technology and energy institutions. That is to say, China has to pursue a new path of energy development and build an efficient, green and safe energy system. In this system, there is a need not only for the emerging renewable energy technology and smart energy technology, but also for the advanced unconventional oil and gas technology and nuclear power technology. In addition there is also the need for the traditional energy-saving technology and the technology of clean and efficient utilization of coal. All these technologies have their places in China. China has also realized the importance of technical innovation in building a new energy system. In recent years, 70% of the saved energy is owing to the application of energy-efficient new equipment, and the fast growing capacity of wind and solar power generation has provided a great amount of clean energy. In 2013, China ran the top of the world in wind power generation, reaching 91.42 million kilowatt, roughly equivalent to the total power generation capacity in the UK. Judging from the development trend, the application of new technologies will play a more crucial role in China’s energy development.

三是中国能源技术创新要实现从追赶到引领的跨越。通过引进、消化、吸收，中国能源技术正努力追赶国际先进水平。目前，中国钢铁、电解铝等行业的平均能耗已接近世界平均水平，超超临界火力发电综合能效处于世界先进水平，特高压输电技术实现商业化应用，在全球率先建设了第三代核电站，并准备出口相关技术、产品和运营服务。下一步，中国要进一步将全球现有的先进技术应用到国内。但是，仅停留在技术追赶层面，还远不能满足中国能源发展对能源技术创新的需求。为解决中国的能源问题，也是为了全球的可持续发展，中国将和国际社会一道，在拓展能源科学前沿、提供创新性的技术、产品和服务上为全人类作出更大贡献。中国政府高度重视技术创新，中国国家主席习近平在刚刚召开的科学院院士和工程院院士大会上发出了 “创新、创新、再创新”的号召。

Third, from “catching-up” to “leading”, China’s energy technology calls for innovation. China is working hard to catch up with the world advanced energy technologies, through introducing, digesting and absorbing technologies. At present, China’s average energy consumption in steel, electrolytic aluminum and other industries has approached the world average level; the comprehensive energy efficiency of ultra-supercritical thermal power has achieved world advanced level; the application of UHV power transmission technology has been commercialized; China has taken the lead in building the third-generation nuclear power plant and is planning to export relative technologies, products and operation services. Next, further efforts will be made to apply the existing advanced technologies from around the world in China. However, technological catch-up is far from enough to meet the demand for energy technology innovation in China. To solve this problem and to ensure the global sustainable development, China will work with the international community and make more contributions in expanding the cutting-edge energy science and in providing innovative technologies, products and services. Chinese government has attached great importance to technological innovation. Chinese President Xi Jinping called for ‘innovation, innovation and further innovation’ at the conference for academicians from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

中国在技术创新上也加大了投入，2013年，中国R＆D投入占GDP的比重达到了2.09%，接近欧盟和英国的投入水平，考虑到中国目前发展阶段和经济体量，这已经是相当大的投入。能源也是科技投入的重要领域，中国已将油气开发和大型核电列入16个重大科技专项，进行科技攻关。在可再生能源发电、新一代超超临界发电、煤制油、煤制气等领域进行了大量的研发投入，相关技术水平也取得了长足的进步，中国的煤制油技术水平和专利拥有量都处于领先水平。尽管取得上述成绩，我们也清醒地看到，创新能力的形成需要知识、人才和科研体系的长期积累。中国能源技术创新仍然面临着底子薄、积累少、体系散的问题，加上一些体制机制的束缚，中国能源技术创新从追赶到引领的跨越还需要较长的时间。但我也相信，通过加强基础研发能力建设，完善体制机制，中国一定会在能源技术创新上做出更大的成绩、更多的贡献。

China has increased its investment in technological innovation. In 2013, the share of R&D input in GDP reached 2.09%, approaching the level of the European Union and the UK. Considering the current development stage and economic size of China, it was already a considerably large input. Energy is an important area for technological input. China has put the oil and gas development and large nuclear power plant construction on the list of the 16 key national science and technology projects. A great amount of investment has been put into R&D in the fields of renewable energy power generation, new-generation ultra-supercritical power generation, coal-to-liquids and coal-to-gas. Great progress has been made in related technologies and China has taken the lead in coal-to-liquids technology and the number of related paten holding. Despite the achievements, we clearly see the fact that the formation of innovation capability calls for a long-term accumulation of knowledge, talents and scientific research system. China’s energy technology innovation is based on a weak foundation, in lack of accumulation, faced with a scattered system and sometimes constrained by the existing institutions and mechanisms. China still has a long way to go in transforming from “catching-up” to “leading” in the innovation of energy technology. But I also believe that China will make greater achievement as well as contribution in the innovation of energy technology, through strengthening the basic R&D capacity and improving the institutions and mechanisms.

四是以开放协作实现中国能源技术创新的跨越。开放和协作已成为技术创新的潮流，创新活动不再局限于某个企业、某个地区或某个国家内，越来越多的企业在全球范围内整合人才、技术和资本等要素进行创新。在中国新能源领域有很多鲜活的案例，不少企业的创业者留学归国，掌握了先进的知识和技术，利用国际资本市场，招募全球人才并和国际产业配套，利用国内大量的熟练劳动力和庞大的制造能力，生产出物美价廉的新能源产品，供应国内的同时还出口到国外。要支持这种开放式创新，充分发挥各国在创新上的比较优势，形成全球能源技术创新的体系和良好生态。就中国而言，我们正在推动经济体制改革，发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，同时更好发挥政府作用；进一步完善能源行业的产业组织结构、价格形成机制，并在研究制定环境税，为能源技术创新提供持久的内生动力。同时，加大知识产权的保护力度，切实保护创新者的利益；进一步优化政策环境，为优秀人才到中国创新创业、为各国企业到中国开展研究开发活动，提供便利条件。另一方面，国际社会也要适应中国在创新领域的崛起，在国际贸易和绿地投资方面给予中国公平公正的待遇。这不仅有利于双方，也有利于全球的可持续发展，因为能源技术创新不同于其他技术创新，有很强的正外部性，在给创新者和使用者带来价值的同时，也为全球的可持续发展作出重大贡献。

Fourth, Speed up the innovation of energy technology with an open and collaborative manner. Openness and collaboration have already become a new trend in technological innovation, as innovative activities are no longer limited within single enterprise, single region or single country. An increasing number of enterprises have conducted their innovation by integrating talents, technology and capital from around the world. There are a lot of successful cases in the new energy industry in China. Many business entrepreneurs have returned from their overseas study with a good command of advanced knowledge and technology. By making the use of international capital market, they recruit global talents and fit in the international industry; and by utilizing the large number of skilled domestic labor and the huge manufacturing capacity in China, they produce new energy products attractive both in price and in quality, and sell them both at home and abroad. To support this kind of open innovation, we need to give play to the comparative advantages of different countries in terms of innovation, and create a pleasant environment and system for global energy technology innovation. As to China, we are now promoting the economic system reform so as to endow the market a decisive role in allocating resources and at the same time give a better play to the role of the government. Further efforts are being made to improve the industrial organization structure and the pricing mechanism in energy industry, and a research is conducted on enacting environmental taxes, in order to provide lasting endogenous power for energy technology innovation. Meanwhile, intensified efforts are being made to protect intellectual property rights to safeguard the interests of innovators. Policy environment will be further improved so as to facilitate innovation and related businesses of global talents and R&D activities of international enterprises in China. On the other hand, the international community should adapt to the rise of China in innovation and give fair treatment to China in the international trade and greenfield investment. This is not only beneficial to both sides of the cooperation, but also to the global sustainable development, because, different from other kinds of technological innovation, the innovation in energy technology is externally influential, that is to say, it can also make contributions to global sustainable development while it brings value to both innovators and users.

女士们、先生们，作为智库，中国国务院发展研究中心正致力推动两国能源领域特别是政策领域的合作。2013年12月，在李克强总理和卡梅伦首相的见证下，作为两国的合作内容，中国国务院发展研究中心和壳牌公司签订了中国天然气发展战略研究，这是继《中国中长期能源发展战略研究》之后双方又一重大合作研究项目。在李克强总理访问英国之时，明确提出中英相关智库合作举办中英改革和创新论坛，国务院发展研究中心愿意作为论坛的中方承办单位。国务院发展研究中心和英国皇家国防事务研究所也有长期的合作，继中国低碳经济发展途径和低碳工业化发展战略之后，目前正在开展能源资源全球治理研究。我们双方已签订合作谅解备忘录，希望通过双方的进一步合作，分享经验、交流政策、共同推动中英两国及全球的绿色低碳和创新发展。

Ladies and gentlemen,

As a think tank in China, DRC is committed to promoting the cooperation between the two countries in the field of energy and especially in policies. In December 2013, under the witness of Premier Li Keqiang and Prime Minister Cameron, DRC and Royal Dutch Shell signed an agreement concerning the research on the strategy for China’s natural gas development as a part of the cooperation between the two countries. This is another major joint research project after the Research on China’s Medium and Long Term Energy Development Strategy. During his visit in the UK Premier Li proposed the idea of jointly hosting a China-UK forum on reform and innovation by relevant think tanks of the two countries, and DRC is willing to be the Chinese organizer of the forum. Having shared a long-term cooperation, DRC and the Chatham House are jointly conducting a research on the global governance of energy resources following the collaborative research on the ways of China’s low carbon economy development and low carbon industrial development strategy. Now we have signed a Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation, in the hope of sharing experiences and exchanging views on policies, so as to promote the green low carbon development and innovation of the two countries and of the whole world.

女士们，先生们，中国先哲老子说过“千里之行，始于足下”，英国诗人勃朗宁曾说“让今天点亮明天”。两国先贤们用相似的警言昭示着我们，让我们无论国别，无论肤色，共同行动起来，加大能源技术创新，为了同一个地球，为了人类更美好的明天而努力！

Ladies and gentlemen, the Chinese sage Lao Zi once said, “journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”, and the English poet Browning wrote, “light tomorrow with today”. People from two different countries convey one same idea that despite nationalities and skin colors, we should join hands and take actions—strengthen the innovation of energy technology, for our planet and for our brighter future!

感谢英国皇家国防事务研究所的盛情邀请。谢谢大家。

Thank you. And thanks again for the invitation of Chatham House.