世卫总干事陈冯富珍在东南亚区域委员会第六十七届会议上的讲话（中英对照）

英文版：Address to the Regional Committee for South-East Asia, Sixty-seventh Session.doc

中文版：在东南亚区域委员会第六十七届会议上的讲话.doc

Address to the Regional Committee for South-East Asia, Sixty-seventh Session

在东南亚区域委员会第六十七届会议上的讲话

 

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界卫生组织总干事 陈冯富珍博士

 

Dhaka, Bangladesh

孟加拉国 达卡

 

10 September 2014

2014年9月10日

 

Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, honourable ministers, distinguished delegates, Dr Singh, colleagues in the UN family, ladies and gentlemen,

 

主席先生、各位阁下、尊敬的各位部长、各位代表、Singh博士、联合国大家庭的各位同仁、女士们、先生们：

 

I thank the government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh for hosting this Regional Committee. I thank this country’s friendly people for making us feel so welcome and at home.

 

我要感谢孟加拉人民共和国政府主办这次区域委员会。我要感谢该国人民的友好精神，使我们感受到这般热情和舒适。

 

Bangladesh has championed the importance of better health as a nation-building strategy. It has done so with a most appropriate emphasis. That is, on reaching the community at the grassroots level through its widespread network of community health workers.

 

孟加拉国一直将增进健康作为一项建国方略来捍卫其重要意义。通过最为适当的着力点已经这样去做了。这就是利用社区卫生工作者这一广泛网络来接近基层社区。

 

This is a solid foundation for universal health coverage.

 

这是为全民健康覆盖打下的一个坚实基础。

 

It is one of the best ways to ensure that a country has the resilience to withstand shocks, whether from climate change, with its promise of more frequent and severe extreme weather events, or from a virus.

 

这是确保一个国家具备承受冲击能力的最佳方式之一，而这种冲击无论是来自具有更加频繁并且更为严重的极端天气事件可能的气候变化，还是来自某一种病毒。

 

Like other parts of the world, countries in this region are on high alert for any possible importation of the Ebola virus in an air traveler.

 

本地区的各国与世界其它地方一样，在埃博拉病毒可能通过飞机旅客输入问题上保持高度警惕。

 

Hardly a day goes by without rumours of an imported case at an airport or in an emergency room somewhere in the world.

 

几乎天天都会见到世界某些地方的某一个机场或者某一急诊室出现输入病例的传闻。

 

This is understandable. The virus is deadly. The disease is dreadful. People are afraid.

 

这可以理解。这是个致命病毒。这个疾病令人畏惧。人们都很害怕。

 

This is the largest, most severe, and most complex Ebola outbreak ever seen in the nearly four-decade history of this disease. This is a fast-moving outbreak, with a number of unprecedented features, that is delivering one surprise after another.

 

这是该病出现近40年以来遇到的最大、最为严重且最为复杂的一次埃博拉疫情。疫情发展很快，伴有多个前所未有的征象，且一次又一次地使人感到意外。

 

As we look at what this virus has done to affected parts of west Africa, every country in the world wants to keep the Ebola virus out of its borders.

 

在我们审视这一病毒在西非疫情地区产生的影响之时，世界每个国家都希望将埃博拉病毒拒之国门之外。

 

What we see is this: decimated families and communities, abandoned villages, food and fuel shortages, uncollected bodies, two thousand fresh and recent graves, a rising number of orphans, and hospitals overflowing or shut down entirely.

 

我们看到的情况是：家庭和社区被毁，村庄遭遗弃，食品和燃料短缺，尸体无人收走，最近出现2000多个新坟墓，孤儿数量不断上升，医院人满为患或者整体关闭。

 

As the economists tell us: Revenues are down. Foreign exchange levels are down. Markets are not functioning. Airlines and ships are not coming in. Development projects are being cancelled. And business people have pulled out.

 

正如经济学家对我们所言：收入下降，外汇数量下滑，市场停滞，飞机和轮船不再进来，发展援助项目正在撤销，商人已经撤出。

 

In some areas, no health services whatsoever are functioning. Not for malaria, or tuberculosis, or AIDS. Not for childhood diarrhoeal disease and pneumonia, or even safe childbirth. Not for anything.

 

在某些地区，没有一处卫生服务可以运转。没有疟疾、结核病或艾滋病服务，没有儿童腹泻疾病和肺炎服务，甚至也没有安全生产服务。任何问题都没有服务。

 

Honourable ministers, imagine, just imagine something like that happening to your country, to your people.

 

尊敬的各位部长，仅请设想一下要是这种事情发生在你们的国度，发生在你们的国民身上。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们、先生们。

 

The whole world is watching this disease, and how WHO performs as we try to bring it under control.

 

整个世界都在注视这一疾病，在我们努力将其控制的过程中注视着世卫组织的表现如何。

 

What does this outbreak, that has been making headlines for months, tell us about the state of the world at large?

 

这次疫情一直是几个月来的头条新闻，它告诉我们世界上那些整体情况呢？

 

What does it tell world leaders, and the citizens who elect them, about the state and status of public health?

 

在公共卫生的状况和状态方面，它使世界领导人及其选民们知道了些什么？

 

I see six things.

 

我看有六个方面。

 

First, the outbreak spotlights the dangers of the world’s growing social and economic inequalities. The rich get the best care. The poor are left to die.

 

首先，这次疫情突显了世界上社会和经济不平等状况持续加重的危险。富人得到最好治疗。穷人则坐以待毙。

 

Second, rumours and panic are spreading even faster than the virus. Ebola sparks nearly universal fear. Fear vastly amplifies social disruption and economic losses well beyond the outbreak zones.

 

第二，传言和恐慌的传播速度比病毒还快。埃博拉几乎在全世界范围内触发了恐惧。这种恐惧大大加大了在疫情发生地之外出现的社会混乱和经济损失。

 

The World Bank estimates that the vast majority of economic losses during any outbreak arise from the uncoordinated and irrational efforts of the public to avoid infection.

 

世界银行估计，疫情期间出现的绝大部分经济损失源自公众在避免感染方面所作的努力不够协调并且不够合理。

 

Third, when a deadly and dreaded virus hits the destitute and spirals out of control, the whole world is put at risk.

 

第三，当致命、可怕病毒影响到赤贫人员并且在失控情况下继续上升时，整个世界都处于危险之中。

 

Our 21st century societies are interconnected, interdependent, and electronically wired together as never before. We see this now with a very dangerous outbreak in Nigeria’s oil and natural gas hub.

 

21世纪的社会相互关联、相互依存并前所未有地以电子方式连在一起。现在通过在尼日利亚的石油和天然气枢纽发生的一次十分危险疫情我们就看到了这一点。

 

Nigeria is the world’s fourth largest oil producer and second largest supplier of natural gas. The outbreak in the country’s energy hub can potentially dampen economic outlooks worldwide.

 

尼日利亚是世界第四大石油生产国，第二大天然气供应国。在这个国家的能源枢纽暴发的疫情可能会对整个世界的经济前景带来阴影。

 

Fourth, decades of neglect of fundamental health systems and services mean that a shock, like climate change or a disease run wild, can bring a country to its knees.

         

第四，几十年来对基本卫生体系和服务的忽视就意味着气候变化或者疾病横行等冲击就可能使国家陷入瘫痪。

 

You cannot build these systems up during a crisis. Instead, they collapse. A dysfunctional health system means zero population resilience.

 

出现危机期间不可能建立起这类系统。相反，它们会遭受崩溃。卫生系统运转失常就意味着整个人口没有任何抵御力。

 

Fifth (and I feel very strongly about this): Ebola emerged nearly 40 years ago. Why are clinicians still empty-handed, with no vaccine or cure? Because Ebola has been, historically, geographically confined to poor African nations.

 

第五（对此我深有感触）：埃博拉在近40年前就已出现。临床医生们为何依然两手空空，没有疫苗，也没有治愈办法？这是因为从历史和地理角度看，埃博拉局限于处境贫寒的非洲国家。

 

The R&D incentive is virtually nonexistent. A profit-driven industry does not invest in products for markets that cannot pay.

 

几乎没有任何研发激励动力。追求利益的厂家不会对没有支付能力的市场产品作出投资。

 

We have been trying to make this issue visible for ages. Now people see it clearly and dramatically, in the daily headlines and TV news.

 

多年来我们一直努力使人们看到这一问题。现在人们可以在每日头条和电视新闻中十分清晰地看到这一点了。

 

Finally, the world is ill-prepared to respond to any severe, sustained, and threatening public health emergency. This was the conclusion reached by a panel of experts commissioned to review events during the 2009 influenza pandemic and distil lessons for the future.

 

最后，这个世界并没有为应对任何严重、持续性并且具有威胁的突发公共卫生事件作出很好准备。这是对2009年流感大流行事件进行审查并为将来吸取经验的一个专家组作出的结论。

 

With Ebola, that prediction has come true.

 

在埃博拉问题上这一预言成真。

 

I also see two specific lessons for WHO.

 

我还看到世卫组织要吸取的两条具体经验。

 

One: We must continue to push for the inclusion of health, and health systems, on the post-2015 development agenda.

 

其一：我们必须继续推动将卫生和卫生系统纳入到2015年后发展议程之中。

 

We now have some much more compelling evidence for doing so, and a much more responsive audience. People are now willing to hear arguments that have fallen on deaf ears for years.

 

现在我们在这方面拥有更多令人信服的证据，也有更多富有责任的倾听者。现在人们愿意听取多年来被置若罔闻的论据。

 

Two: The pressures of this outbreak are revealing some cracks and weaknesses at WHO, some dysfunctional elements that must be corrected urgently as part of organizational reform. At all three levels.

 

其二：这次疫情压力揭示出世卫组织存在的一些缺陷和弱点，某些运转不良问题必须在组织改革过程中得到快速纠正。这涉及我们所有三个层面。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们、先生们，

 

Let’s get down to business. You have a packed and important agenda.

 

我们言归正传。你们的会议议程十分紧凑且十分重要。

 

Accountability means counting. You must improve your systems for civil registration and vital statistics.

 

问责制就意味着数字计算。你们必须改善民事登记和生命统计系统。

 

You need more, and better educated, health-care staff. Find them. Train them. Encourage them. Give them the right incentives.

 

你们需要更多、受到更好教育的卫生保健工作人员。要找到他们，对他们进行培训并加以鼓励，要给他们适当奖赏。

 

Traditional medicine is important for this region. Improve it.

 

传统医学在本地区具有重要地位。要做出改进。

 

Continue to work on the various prongs of your strategy for preventing noncommunicable diseases, also by reducing the harmful use of alcohol.

 

继续围绕你们预防非传染病疾病战略的各个方面开展工作，也可通过减少有害使用酒精这一方法。

 

WHO has given countries a menu of proven alcohol policy options. They work. Use them.

 

世卫组织向各国提供了一份经过验证的酒精政策方案选单。这些方案行之有效，要加以利用。

 

Viral hepatitis has finally emerged from obscurity to receive the attention it deserves. Make that attention even sharper.

 

病毒性肝炎最终从淹没中显现出来，得到了应有重视。要使这种重视更加鲜明。

 

I thank you for your attention and wish you a most productive session.

 

我要感谢你们的倾听，祝这次会议取得丰富成果。