克里国务卿在约翰·霍普金斯高级国际研究学院发表的讲话（中英对照）

Last year in Beijing, State Councilor Yang and I launched the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group, which is already engaged in pilot projects, policy exchanges, and more. We raised the climate change issue to the ministerial level so that we would be dealing with it on an ongoing high-level basis. And we’ve also been engaged since then in constant discussions aimed at ensuring that the global community can do everything possible to be able to reach a successful, ambitious climate agreement when we all meet in Paris next year. In February, we announced plans to exchange information and to discuss policies to develop respective plans to strengthen domestic emissions targets for the 2015 UN climate negotiations, what I just referred to. And by the way, we’ll be meeting shortly in Lima, Peru as the lead-up to this particular meeting next year in Paris. So there’s a lot of work going into this.

去年在北京，杨国务委员和我启动了美中气候变化工作组，这个工作组已经在进行试点项目、政策交流以及其他工作。我们把气候变化问题提升到部长级，让我们能够持续在高层处理这个问题。从那时起，我们也一直在不断进行商讨，以便确保国际社会尽一切可能，在明年全体聚会巴黎时，能够达成一项成功的大规模气候协议。我们在二月份宣布准备开展信息交流和政策讨论，以便制定各自计划，为我刚才提到的2015年联合国气候谈判确定更强有力的国内排放目标。顺便说一句，我们很快将在秘鲁利马举行会议，作为明年巴黎会的前奏。所以这方面将会有很多努力。

Next year, countries are supposed to come forward with their stated goals. And we hope that the partnership between China and the United States can help set an example for global leadership and for the seriousness of purpose on those targets and on the negotiations overall. If the two countries that together are nearing 50 percent of all the emissions in the world, which happen to be also the two largest economies in the world – if they can come together and show seriousness of purpose, imagine what the impact could be on the rest of the world. The United States and China are the two largest consumers of energy, and we are the world’s two largest emitters of global greenhouse gases. Together, we account for that roughly – it’s about 45 percent and climbing, unfortunately.

明年，各国应拿出各自的国家目标，我们希望，中国和美国的合作将有助于树立一个榜样，体现出全球领导作用和对这些目标及总体谈判的认真态度。如果共同排放量占到全球近50%的两个国家，恰恰也是世界上最大的两个经济体——如果这两个国家能够走到一起，显示出认真的决心，试想那将会对世界其他国家产生何种影响。美国和中国是世界上两个最大的能源消费国，是世界上温室气体排放最多的两个国家。我们两国的排放约占全球的45%，而且不幸的是还在继续上升。

So we need to solve this problem together. Why? Because neither one of us can possibly solve it alone. Even if every single American biked to work or carpooled to school or used only solar panels to power their homes – if we reduced our emissions to zero, if we planted each of us in America a dozen trees, if we somehow eliminated all of our domestic greenhouse gas emissions, guess what? That still wouldn’t be enough to counteract the carbon pollution coming from China and the rest of the world. And the same would be true for China if they reduced everything and we continued. We would wipe out their gains; they would wipe out our gains. Because today, if even one or two major economies neglects to respond to this threat, it will erase the good work done everywhere else.

因此，我们需要共同解决这个问题。为什么？因为我们两国中的任何一国都不可能单独解决问题。即使美国每一个人都骑车上班，或者拼车上学，或者家里只使用太阳能——如果我们把我们的排放减到零，如果在美国的每一个人都种一打12 棵树，如果我们设法消除了国内所有温室气体排放，你猜怎样？它仍然不足以抵消来自中国和世界其余国家的碳污染。如果中国停止所有排放而我们继续照旧，中国也会面对同样的情况。我们会使他们的增长付诸东流，他们也会使我们的增长化为乌有。因为在今天，哪怕只有一个或两个大型经济体忽视对这一威胁作出反应，都会将其他所有地方的成果一笔勾销。

Never before has there been a greater urgency to countries around the world coming together to meet what is not just an environmental threat but an economic threat, a security threat, a health threat, and a security threat because we will see refugees in certain parts of the country displaced by vast changes in the ability to grow food, the ability to receive water, and the ability to survive, and that will change the nature of security and conflict in the world. That’s the reality of what we’re up against. And that’s why it is so imperative that the United States and China lead the world with genuine reductions that put us on a path to real progress.

世界各国共同应对这一威胁的紧迫性从未像现在这样严重，这不仅仅是一个环境威胁，而且也是一个经济威胁，一个安全威胁，一个健康威胁。之所以也是安全威胁是因为，我们将看到在一些国家出现流离失所的难民，因为巨大的变化影响了粮食生产能力，影响了水源供应，影响了生存，而这将改变世界安全和冲突的性质。这是我们所面对的现实。这就是为什么必须要美国和中国在全球发挥带头作用 ，通过真正的减排踏上真正的进步道路。

The good news is that our shared responsibility to address climate change brings with it one of the greatest economic opportunities in history. With shared responsibility can come shared prosperity. The solution to climate change is as clear as the problem itself. And it’s not somewhere out there, pie in the sky, over the horizon, impossible to grab ahold of; it’s staring us in the face. The solution is energy policy. It’s as simple as that. Make the right choices in your energy policy, you solve the problem of climate change.

令人欣慰的是，共同承担解决气候变化问题的责任给我们带来了历史上最大的经济机会之一。共同的责任可以带来共同的繁荣。解决气候变化问题的方法同问题本身一样清晰。它并不是远在天边，遥不可及，抓不到，摸不着；它就在我们眼前。解决方法就是能源政策。就这么简单。你在能源政策中作出正确的选择，你就能解决气候变化问题。

Guess what? You also happen to kick your economies into gear. You produce millions of jobs. You create economic opportunity unlike any that we have ever known, because the global energy market of the future is poised to be the largest market the world has ever known. Between now and 2035, investment in the sector is expected to reach nearly $17 trillion. The market that made everybody wealthy in America – everybody saw their income go up in the 1990s, and the greatest wealth in the history of our nation was created in the 1990s. It was a $1 trillion market with one billion users. The energy market is a $6 trillion market with four to five billion users today, and it’s going to grow to maybe nine billion users over the next 30, 40, 50 years. Think of that. Seventeen trillion dollars is more than the entire GDP of China and India combined. And with a few smart choices, together we can ensure that clean energy is the most attractive investment in the global energy sector and that entrepreneurs around the world can prosper as they help us innovate our way out of this mess and towards a healthier planet.

你猜怎样？你还恰好能让经济更上一层楼，带来数百万就业机会。你会创造出我们不曾有的经济机会，因为未来的全球能源市场将成为世界自有史以来所知的最大市场。从现在到2035年，在能源行业的投资预期将达到近17万亿美元。让美国所有人变得富有的那个市场——20世纪90年代所有人看到了收入增加，20世纪90年代创造了我国有史以来规模最大的财富——它是一个1万亿美元、拥有10亿用户的市场。能源市场今天是一个6万亿美元市场，拥有40到50亿用户，在未来30、40、50年里用户人数将可能增长到90亿。想想看。17万亿美元超过了中国加印度全部国内生产值的总和。通过一些明智的选择，我们能够一起确保清洁能源在全球能源业中对投资最具有吸引力，世界各地的实业家可以通过发明创造有助于我们走出这种困境和让地球更健康的新方法而发财致富。

And none of this will happen if we don’t make it happen. How our two countries lead – China and the United States – or don’t lead on climate and clean energy will make the difference as to whether or not we’re able to fully take advantage of this unprecedented economic opportunity and whether the world is able to effectively address climate change and the threat that it poses to global security, prosperity, and health.

我们如果无所作为，这一切都不会发生。在气候和清洁能源问题上，我们两国如何发挥领导作用——中国和美国——或者不发挥领导作用，都会产生影响，这关系到我们能否充分利用这个前所未有的经济机会，关系到全世界能否有效地应对气候变化及其对全球安全、繁荣和健康构成的威胁。

Our cooperation also makes a difference when it comes to nuclear proliferation. We are very encouraged by China’s serious engagement on the Iran negotiations as a full partner in the P5+1, and we’re very hopeful that working more closely together the United States and China will ultimately bring North Korea to the realization that its current approach is leading to a dead end, and the only path that will bring it security and prosperity is to make real progress towards denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula. Our cooperation there also can make a difference.

我们的合作还可以为解决核扩散问题发挥作用。中国作为5常加1的正式成员十分严肃地参与伊朗的谈判，我们为此感到很受鼓舞。我们十分希望美国与中国共同密切合作，最终能使北韩认识到其目前的行为没有任何出路，实现安全和繁荣的唯一道路是朝鲜半岛无核化取得实际进展。我们在这个问题上的合作也可以产生影响。

It can also make a difference in countering violent extremist groups like ISIL, which seek to harm people in every corner of the globe. And it can help in bringing stability to places like Afghanistan, where today we are partnering to support political cohesiveness and prevent Afghanistan from again becoming a safe haven for terrorists. We welcome China’s role as a critical player in the Afghan region. And just last week, in fact, President Ghani, our Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Dan Feldman, and President Obama’s counselor John Podesta all traveled to Beijing to participate in a conference focused on supporting Afghan peace and reconstruction.

在抗击伊斯兰国等暴力极端主义团伙的问题上也可以取得成效。这些团伙试图在全球每一个角落对人民造成伤害。合作有助于为阿富汗等地带来稳定。今天，我们作为合作伙伴支持政治凝聚，防止阿富汗再次沦为恐怖主义的安全巢穴。我们欢迎中国作为阿富汗地区重要角色发挥的作用。实际上就在上星期，加尼总统、我们的阿富汗和巴基斯坦事务特别代表丹·费尔德曼和欧巴马总统顾问约翰·波德斯塔都前往北京出席有关支持阿富汗和平与重建的会议。

And as we’ve seen recently with the Ebola epidemic, China has also shown that it is prepared to take on a bigger role in addressing international crises – including those that emerge far from Asia, even those on the opposite side of the globe. We’re very grateful that China has committed more than $130 million to date in aid and supplies to help address the Ebola crisis. And last week, China announced its plans to dispatch a unit from the People’s Liberation Army to Liberia to help manage the crisis. That’s global leadership, and it’s important, and that cooperation with us is more than welcome.

最近在我们看到埃博拉疫情蔓延之际，中国也表示准备为战胜国际性危机发挥更大的作用——包括远在亚洲以外地区，甚至在地球另一边出现的危机。我们十分感谢中国至今承诺为解决埃博拉危机提供1.3亿美元的援助和物资。上星期，中国宣布计划派遣中国人民解放军某部前往利比里亚参加管理危机的行动。这是全球领导作用，具有重要意义，与我们的合作十分值得赞赏。

We all need to do more, and fast. But the kind of support from China that we’ve seen is critical, and it speaks to China’s understanding of global interests and responsibilities. The fact is that among the major threats and crises that face the world today, there really isn’t one that couldn’t be addressed more effectively with expanded U.S.-China cooperation.

我们都需要做更多的工作，而且行动要快。但是我们看到中国提供的这种支持十分重要，体现了中国对全球利益和责任的理解。事实说明，对于全世界今天面临的主要威胁和危机，通过美中扩展相互关系，任何问题都能更有效地得到解决。

But as State Councilor Yang and I discussed earlier this month in Boston, with China engaged more and more on the global stage, our cooperation can also be used to seize opportunities for change and for growth, like the many opportunities for development in Africa, Central America, and other parts of Asia. And we talked about that in Boston, about the possibility of the United States and China cooperating on specific development targets.

这个月早些时候，杨国务委员和我在波士顿谈到，中国在国际舞台上越来越多地进行参与，双方的合作也有利于抓住促进变革和增长的机会，例如在非洲、中美洲和亚洲其他地区有很多促进发展的机会。我们在波士顿谈到这个问题，谈到美国和中国在特定的发展目标上相互合作的可能性。

There are countries across these regions where both China and the United States are already deeply invested. If we double-down on coordinating our assistance and development work, if we ensure that our approaches are complementary and coordinated, we can bring more communities into the 21st century faster, we could help millions of families lift themselves out of poverty, we can give more people across the world the tools and the data to shape their own future. And as we help more countries to make the transition from foreign aid to foreign trade, we’ll all benefit in terms of economic growth, expanded export markets, job creation, and ultimately, the stability and the prosperity and the dignity that comes from that. Beyond that, as these regions become more prosperous, believe me, they’re going to become more stable. And that, in the end, means we can all be more secure.

在这些地区的有些国家，中国和美国都已经进行了大量的投入。如果我们为协调我们的援助和发展事务加倍努力，如果我们保证我们采取的方式可以相辅相成，相互协调，我们就可以更快地促使更多的社区进入21世纪，我们就能够帮助数百万家庭摆脱贫困，我们就可以为世界各地更多的人们提供决定自己未来的工具和资料。在帮助更多的国家从接受外援向对外贸易过渡之际，我们都能从中受益，例如获得经济增长，扩大出口市场，创造工作机会，最终实现稳定和繁荣以及随之而来的尊严。除此之外，请相信我，这些地区在实现更大繁荣的同时，也将实现更大程度的稳定。这最终意味合作我们都能更安全。

The bottom line is this: The United States and China comprise one quarter of the global population. We make up one third of the global economy. We generate one fifth of the global trade. And when we are pulling in the same direction on any issue, we can bend the curve in a way that few other nations on Earth can accomplish.

最根本的一点是：美国和中国占全球人口的四分之一。我们占全球经济的三分之一。我们创造全球贸易的五分之一。当我们在任何一个问题上向同一个方向推进时，我们都能以地球上几乎所有国家都难以企及的方式扭转趋势。

Between governments, we’re doing more than ever in order to ensure that that is the case. Jack Lew, our Secretary of Treasury, and I meet regularly with our counterparts in the Strategic and Economic Dialogue with China. Today, although we have more than a hundred different bilateral dialogues on everything from trade to transportation, we are, in fact, focused at the highest level on a regular basis.

在两国政府之间，我们正在做出比以往更多的努力，以确保做到这一点。我和财政部长杰克·卢定期与我们在同中国进行的战略与经济对话中的有关官员会面。今天，尽管我们总共展开了100多项不同的双边对话，涵盖从贸易到运输的方方面面，但我们实际上着重于在最高级别的定期对话。

But I’ll tell you, if this relationship is going to live up to its full potential, government-to-government cooperation alone is not enough. We have to continue also to deepen our people-to-people ties. A recent poll indicated that Americans view China less favorably than they did just a few years ago, and vice versa; Chinese view us less favorably. So obviously, we need to do more to connect our peoples and to make sure that we’re communicating effectively between each other so that we are communicating to our peoples effectively. We need to build on the sense of common purpose and camaraderie that can be essential to sustaining our relationship for decades to come. And that is the logic behind the dialogue on exchange that I co-chair with China’s Vice Premier Madame Liu.

不过我要告诉你们，这种关系如果要发挥出全部潜力，单靠政府与政府之间的合作是不够的。我们还必须继续深化我们人民之间的联系。最近的一次民意调查显示，美国人对中国的看法不如短短几年前那么有利，反之亦然，中国人对我们的看法也不如过去有利。因此，我们显然需要付出更大的努力在我们的人民之间建立联系，确保我们相互间正在有效地沟通交流，以使我们有效地同我们的人民沟通交流。我们需要在共同的使命感以及志同道合的精神的基础上努力，这对于在今后数十年长期保持我们的关系至关重要。而且这正是我和中国国务院副总理刘女士共同主持的有关交换项目的对话背后的道理。

One of the best ways for us to improve our connection is by expanding the student exchanges – I just stopped and met with a bunch of students who have been part of the exchange here from SAIS, and we all – I hope you’re all aware of President Obama’s 100,000 Strong initiative. Today, more students from China study in the United States than any other foreign country, and we are actively investing in ways to expand study abroad opportunities for American students in China, because we recognize that nothing brings about a common understanding more than effectively getting the chance to live in another country, see the world through another lens, and forge friendships that can last for decades.

我们改善我们之间的联系的最佳方式之一是扩大学生交换——我刚刚停下来见到了来自SAIS 的在这里参加交换项目的一些学生，而且我们都——我希望你们都知道欧巴马总统的10万人留学计划。今天，在美国留学的中国学生比其他任何一个国家都多，而且我们正在积极投资于扩大美国学生出国到中国学习的机会的各种途径，因为我们认识到，没有什么比切实获得到另一个国家生活、透过另一个视角观察世界以及缔结能够延续几十年的友谊的机会更能促成相互理解了。

I’ll just tell you very quickly the number of foreign ministers that I interact with very regularly in the Middle East and elsewhere, proudly sit in front of me and talk to me about their graduate school or undergraduate school experiences in the United States. It has lasted with them forever, and it helps them and us to be able to work through difficult moments.

我只想非常简短地告诉你们，有好几位我在中东地区及其他地区非常频繁地与之接触的外交部长，自豪地坐在我面前同我谈起他们在美国读研究生或读大学的经历。他们永远都记得这些，而且这有助于他们和我们度过一些艰难的时刻。

Let me take this opportunity to note that this is not an earthshattering new principle I’ve just articulated. It is something that SAIS has long understood. You’ve had an international campus in Nanjing for nearly 30 years, and it focuses on everything, from facilitating student exchanges to all the prospects of business and relationships in the future. And as a result, its students are better prepared than most for the globalized world that we live in. But believe it or not, there are a lot of places that don’t take it for granted the way you do, for whom this would actually be a new enterprise, even now in 2014.

请让我借这个机会说明，我刚刚讲到的并不是什么惊天动地的新原则。这是SAIS 长期以来一直深知的一个原则。你们在南京建立国际校区已有近30年了，它侧重于方方面面，从促进学生交换到未来商务及种种关系的一切前景。其结果是，它的学生面对我们所处的这个全球化世界比大多数人都更有准备。但不论你们相信与否，有很多地方并不像你们这样认为这是理所当然的，对于他们而言这实际上是一个新的事业，即便是在2014年的今天。

So I want to thank David Lampton and the others as SAIS for their leadership on this effort. Ultimately, the United States and China need to find more ways to interact at more levels of government, across more sectors and among more people who live in all the corners of our nations. And these connections will help us to understand each other better and to forge a better relationship going forward. They’ll help us work through our differences, and these connections will ultimately erase the misperceptions and stereotypes that fuel mistrust, and these connections will help us pull in the same direction and take advantage of the unique opportunities our countries have to help each other and ultimately to help the world.

因此，我要感谢戴维·兰普顿以及SAIS 的其他人士为这一努力发挥的领导作用。最终，美国和中国需要找到更多的方式在更多的政府层面接触交往，涉及更多的部门以及生活在我们两国各个地方的更多的人民。这些联系将帮助我们加深相互理解并在向前推进的过程中打造一种更好的关系。这些联系将帮助我们解决分歧，而且最终将能消除滋生不信任的误解和固有观念，这些联系还将帮助我们向同一个方向推进，并利用我们两国所拥有的相互帮助乃至最终帮助全世界的独特的机会。

We don’t underestimate – I certainly don’t – the complexity of the world we’re living in today and the sensitivity of this challenge that we face. The path to a productive relationship between the United States and China has seen its bumps, and it may see more. But the fact is that it has never been more important to us to be able to continue down the path that we are on. Our two nations face a genuine test of leadership. We have to make the right choices in both Washington and in Beijing.

我们不会低估——我当然不会——我们今天所处的这个世界的复杂性以及我们所面临的这一挑战的敏感性。美国与中国建立卓有成效的关系的道路曾有过坎坷，而且还可能出现更多的颠簸。但事实是，我们能够继续沿着现在这条道路走下去比以往任何时候都更加重要。我们两国都面临着一个对于领导力的真正的考验。我们在华盛顿和北京都必须做出正确的抉择。

In many ways, the world we’re living in today is much more like 19th-century and 18th-century global diplomacy, the balance of power and different interests, than it is the bifurcated, bipolar world we lived in in the Cold War and much of the 20th century. This is a new bursting on the scene of new powers. But guess what? They’re doing the things we wanted them to do. At least 15 of today’s donor countries giving aid to other countries were only 10 and 15 years ago recipient countries of aid themselves. And we welcome the growth of these nations to their global responsibilities and to the assumption of increased global ability to make a difference.

在很多方面，我们今天所处的世界与19世纪和18世纪的全球外交时代更加相似，存在权力平衡以及不同的利益，与我们在冷战时期以及20世纪大部分时期所处的一分为二的两极化的世界不太一样。新兴大国的格局突然有了一种新动向。但猜猜结果怎样？他们正在做我们希望他们做的事情。今天向其他国家提供援助的捐助国中至少有15个在短短10到15年前自己还是受援国。我们欢迎这些国家的成长，从而承担他们的全球责任并发挥得到增强的全球能力以产生影响。

But it’s more complicated. When other countries have stronger economies and when there’s more competition for goods and services and for market share, it’s a more complicated world. And with the release of sectarianism and radical religious extremism and other things that have come with this transformation and confrontation with modernity, we all face a more difficult, complex diplomatic path.

但现实更加复杂。当其他国家拥有更强大的经济，当获得商品和服务以及市场份额的竞争增多时，这个世界更加错综复杂。而且随着与这种转型以及与现代化的对抗而被发泄出来的宗派主义以及激进的宗教极端主义和其他东西，我们都面临着一条更加艰难、更加复杂的外交道路。

But it is clear that coming from the different places we come from, China and the United States, we actually do have the opportunity as two leading powers to find solutions to major challenges facing the world today. And if we can cooperate together and help show the way, that will help bring other nations along and establish the norms for the rest of the world. We have an opportunity to demonstrate how a major power and an emerging power can cooperate to serve the interests of both, and in doing so, improve the prospects for stability, prosperity, and peace around the equator, from pole to pole, throughout this world we live in.

但显而易见的是，中国和美国经历了不同的历程，的确有机会作为两大主导力量为今日世界所面临的种种重大挑战寻求解决方案。如果我们能够共同合作并帮助指明道路，就将有助于其他国家参与进来并为全世界其他地区确立标准。我们拥有一个机会来展示一个主要大国和一个新兴大国怎样才能合作增进双方的利益，而且在这样做的过程中在我们身处的整个世界里改善稳定、繁荣与和平的前景，纵贯赤道，横跨两极。

Maybe that’s a lofty objective; I don’t think it’s too lofty. I think it’s easy to say it in a speech, yes – a lot harder to produce it. But it will be in the doing of it, in the quality of our dialogue, in the persistent search for solutions to issues large and small, in the determination to manage the differences and find the big places to cooperate, and in order to seize the opportunities when they arise, that will provide the real measure of failure or success in this approach.

也许这是一个远大的目标，但我不认为它遥不可及。我认为在发表演讲时说到这些容易，是的——付诸实现则要难得多。但这种做法成败与否的真正的衡量标准在于切实去做，在于我们的对话的质量，在于不懈地寻求解决大大小小的问题的方案，在于决心处理分歧并找到进行合作的广大领域，以及为了在机会出现时抓住它们。

When he was in the twilight of his life, Paul Nitze was asked about the extraordinary contributions he had made to the Marshall Plan, to NATO, to the U.S.-Soviet relations. He didn’t brag, he didn’t boast, he just said: “I have been extremely lucky. I have been around at a time when important things needed to be done.”

保罗·尼采在垂暮之年被问及他对马歇尔计划、北约组织以及美国同苏联的关系所做的卓越贡献。他没有夸大其词，也没有自吹自擂，他只是说：“我一生极其幸运。我生活在一个重大事业需要完成的时代。”

There has never been a demand more than there is today for important things to be done. I hope that the United States and China – who are both blessed with great strength, with ample resources, with extraordinary people – can do important things now and can do them together. And I hope that as we come together in Beijing in the days ahead, as we work together in the months and years to come, that we are going to meet that charge and live up to the standard that Paul Nitze said, not just when he founded this school but when he lived his life.

今天，完成重大事业的要求比以往任何时候都更加迫切。我希望美国和中国——两国都有幸拥有巨大的实力、富饶的资源和杰出的人民——现在能够从事重大事业并能够共同从事这些事业。我希望当我们在今后几天汇聚北京之时，当我们在今后的岁月中共同努力之时，我们将能肩负这一使命并履行保罗·尼采所阐明的准则，不仅是他在创立这所学院之时，而且是他毕生都践行的准则。

Thank you all very much. (Applause.)

非常感谢大家。（掌声）