陈冯富珍在经济及社会理事会“埃博拉威胁经济和社会进步”特别会议上的主旨演讲（中英 ...

英文版：Keynote address at the Special Meeting of the Economic and Social Council.doc

中文版：在经济及社会理事会“埃博拉威胁经济和社会进步”特别会议上的主旨演讲.doc 

Keynote Address at the Special Meeting of the Economic and Social Council on “Ebola: A Threat to Economic and Social Progress”

在经济及社会理事会“埃博拉威胁经济和社会进步”特别会议上的主旨演讲

 

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世卫组织总干事陈冯富珍博士

 

New York, USA

美国纽约

 

5 December 2014

2014年12月5日

 

Excellencies, distinguished representatives of missions, fellow UN agencies, ladies and gentlemen,

 

诸位阁下，尊敬的代表们，联合国各机构同仁，女士们，先生们：

 

I thank the President of ECOSOC for convening this important meeting.

 

我感谢经社理事会主席召开这次重要会议。

 

The Ebola epidemic ravaging parts of West Africa represents the case of an old disease in a new context that allowed it to spread undetected for three months and take off in unprecedented ways.

 

正在西非肆虐的埃博拉流行病疫情是在新环境下旧病新发，悄悄流行了三个月后，急剧空前恶化。

 

What are the contextual factors fuelling the epidemic?

 

什么是助长此次疫情的环境因素呢？

 

This has been West Africa’s first encounter with Ebola virus disease. No clinician had ever managed a patient. No laboratory had ever handled a diagnostic specimen. No government had the experience to understand what a disease like Ebola could do to a country’s future.

 

这是西非首次埃博拉病毒病疫情。该地区此前没有临床医生治疗过埃博拉病人，没有实验室处理过诊断标本，政府也缺乏经验，不了解埃博拉这样的疾病可能会对国家未来造成多大损害。

 

The 3 hardest hit countries, Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, are among the poorest in the world. Borders are porous and population mobility is high as people move around, looking for work.

 

几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂这三个疫情最严重国家也是全世界最贫穷的国家。这几个国家的边境管制很松，很多人为找工作四处奔走，人口流动性很高。

 

Movement of Ebola patients across borders in their quest to find treatment beds has ignited further chains of transmission and flare-ups in areas that were approaching control.

 

埃博拉患者跨越国界求医进一步扩大了传播链，在快要控制住局势的地区引发新的疫情。

 

Community resistance has been a problem, leading to hidden cases and secret burials. Riots by angry and frightened communities and strikes by health care workers and burial teams have further disrupted control efforts.

 

社区抵制一直是个难题，造成病例隐而不报，尸体被悄悄埋葬。愤怒和恐慌的当地人的骚乱以及医护人员和掩埋尸体人员的罢工进一步扰乱了控制工作。

 

Public health infrastructures in all 3 countries were damaged or destroyed during years of civil war and unrest. The 3 countries had only 1 to 2 doctors to serve a population of nearly 100,000. That number is now even smaller as nearly 600 doctors, nurses, and other health care workers have been infected and more than half of them have died.

 

在连续多年的内战和动乱中，这3个国家的公共卫生基础设施遭到破坏。在这3个国家中，每10万人只有一两名医生。由于近600名医生、护士和其他卫生保健工作者被感染而且半数以上已经死亡，现在医生比例甚至更低。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们，先生们：

 

Prior to the epidemic, these countries were making very good progress in health and development.

 

而在这次疫情之前，这些国家在卫生和发展领域正取得良好进展。

 

This is the largest, longest, most severe, and most complex Ebola epidemic in the nearly four-decade history of this disease. What began as a health crisis has become a crisis with humanitarian, social, economic, and security implications.

 

这是埃博拉病近40年历史上最大规模、最为漫长、最严重和最复杂的疫情。它已从刚开始时的卫生领域危机演变成一场人道主义、社会、经济和安全危机。

 

Travel and trade bans have been imposed. Markets are not functioning. Fields are fallow. Fear of Ebola is moving faster than the virus. This is an unforgiving virus.

 

实施了旅游和贸易禁令；市场停转；耕地荒芜。对埃博拉的恐惧情绪扩散速度比病毒还快。这是一个无情的病毒。

 

Guinea, which experienced the first outbreak, has had at least 3 cyclical waves of declining cases followed by flare-ups and hot spots in new places.

 

几内亚在首次暴发疫情后，经历了至少三次起伏期，病例数减少后又突然增加并在新的地方出现热点。

 

Liberia, the most severely affected country, is making good progress but we cannot be complacent as the virus has moved from large cities into remote rural areas.

 

利比里亚是受影响最严重的国家，目前正取得良好进展，但我们不能掉以轻心，因为该病毒已从大城市传至偏远农村地区。

 

Cases continue to increase in Sierra Leone, especially in Freetown. Development partners and UN agencies are scaling up action to support the government.

 

在塞拉利昂，特别是在弗里敦市，病例数继续增加。各发展伙伴及联合国各机构正加紧采取行动支持该国政府。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们，先生们：

 

Cyclical patterns of apparent control followed by intense transmission will almost certainly continue as long as communities refuse to cooperate with response teams, families continue to hide cases and refuse safe burials, and the public continues to view treatment centres as places of contagion and almost certain death.

 

只要当地社区拒绝与应对小组合作，只要家庭继续隐瞒病例和拒绝安全掩埋尸体，只要民众仍将治疗中心视为传染点并认为去那里后几乎必死无疑，那么，在看来已控制住局势后再度发生密集传播疫情的反复模式几乎肯定会延续下去。

 

But there are some bright points. Like the swift victories in Senegal and Nigeria and Mali’s determined efforts, after 2 imported cases from Guinea, to hold onward transmission to very small numbers.

 

但也有一些亮点。塞内加尔、尼日利亚和马里在发现若干输入病例后作出坚定努力，迅速取得胜利，只有很少人遭进一步感染。

 

Another bright point is the unprecedented support from the international community, nongovernmental organizations, and the UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response, or UNMEER.

 

另一亮点是，国际社会、非政府组织以及联合国埃博拉应急特派团（UNMEER）提供了前所未有的支持。

 

WHO is providing the technical know-how to stop transmission, adapting new strategies as the outbreaks evolve. The World Food Programme is not only delivering food and other supplies to meet daily needs but is sharing its logistical capacities with other agencies.

 

世卫组织正为阻断传播提供技术专长，并正根据疫情的演变灵活制定新战略。世界粮食计划署不仅提供食物和其他物资以满足日常需求，还向其它机构提供了后勤支持。

 

The World Bank has contributed millions of dollars to support strategic operations. Among other activities, UNICEF has undertaken massive social mobilization campaigns aimed at changing traditional behaviours. The vast majority of safe burials are undertaken by Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers.

 

世界银行为支持开展战略性活动捐献了大量资金。联合国儿童基金会也开展了多项活动，并发起大规模社会动员运动，以努力改变传统习俗。红十字会和红新月会志愿人员承担了绝大多数安全掩埋尸体活动。

 

Finally, the Ebola epidemic has created opportunities for these countries to rebuild and strengthen basic public health infrastructures and systems, including human resources, to detect and respond to outbreaks and other health challenges.

 

最后，埃博拉疫情为这些国家带来了重建和加强包括人力资源在内的公共卫生基础设施和系统以发现和应对疫情等卫生挑战的机会。

 

Resilient health systems are important to withstand the shocks that our 21st century world is delivering with ever-greater frequency and force. These can be shocks from a killer virus or shocks from a changing climate.

 

稳健的卫生系统很重要。有了稳健的卫生系统，才能顶住21世纪日益频繁和日益强大的冲击。这些冲击可能来自病毒杀手，也可以源自气候变化。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们，先生们：

 

Let me end on a positive note.

 

最后，我要讲一下积极因素。

 

A year ago, the message about Ebola was grim. This is a deadly and dreaded disease with no vaccine, no treatment, and no cure.

 

一年前，埃博拉情况极为糟糕。这是一个致命的可怕疾病，没有疫苗，没有治疗方案，没有治愈办法。

 

Thanks to the efforts of scientists and industry, this is no longer entirely true.

 

而今天，在科学家和业界的努力下，情况已有所改观。

 

Efforts to fast-track research and development of Ebola vaccines are racing ahead. Clinical trials are under way and the results look promising.

 

正加紧努力迅速开展埃博拉疫苗研发工作。正在进行临床试验，试验结果看来很有希望。

 

WHO, working with experts and scientists from around the world, has prioritized a number of experimental therapies, including some potential cures, which are also undergoing clinical trials.

 

世卫组织与世界各地专家和科学家合作，将重点放在一些试验性疗法上，包括重点研究一些潜在的治疗方法，并正进行临床试验。

 

Most experts are convinced that this will not be Africa’s last large Ebola outbreak. At least 22 African countries have the ecological conditions, the wildlife species, and the hunting practices that favour a return of Ebola at some time in the future.

 

多数专家认为，这不会是非洲最后一次大规模埃博拉疫情。至少有22个非洲国家的生态条件、野生动物和狩猎习俗可能会促成今后某个时候再度暴发埃博拉疫情。

 

In my view, our collective experiences to date will leave the world much better prepared to respond to such an event. This is especially true if more resources are devoted to getting basic public health infrastructures and resilient health systems, especially strong community health services, based on primary health care, in place.

 

我认为，有了我们迄今积累的集体经验，世界防范和应对这类事件的能力已大幅增强。如果能为建立公共卫生基础设施和稳健的卫生系统投入更多资源，特别是在初级卫生保健基础上提供良好的社区卫生服务，应对能力就会大不一样。

 

Your moderator, Dr Paul Farmer, knows this well.

 

本次会议专题讨论主持人Paul Farmer博士深知这一点。

 

Thank you.

 

谢谢大家。