国际货币基金总裁拉加德在美国对外关系委员会的演讲（中英对照）

2. Structural reforms, infrastructure, and trade – generating more inclusive growth

二、结构改革、基础设施和贸易——创造更具包容性的增长

Let me be blunt: more than six years after the start of the Great Recession, too many people still do not feel the recovery. In too many countries, unemployment remains high and inequality has increased. This is why we need a decisive push for structural reforms to boost current and potential growth over the medium term.

坦率地讲，“大衰退”开始之后六年多了，太多的人现在仍然没有感觉到复苏。在太多的国家，失业率居高不下，不平等已经加剧。这就是为什么我们需要坚决推动结构改革，以加快当前的增长，并提高中期潜在增长。

2015 must be the year of action. This means removing deep-seated distortions in labor and product markets; it means revamping creaking infrastructures and building new ones; it means trade liberalization and pressing ahead with reforms in education, health, and social safety nets. It also means unleashing the economic power of women.

2015年必须是付诸行动的一年。这意味着，消除劳动力和产品市场根深蒂固的扭曲；这意味着，改造陈旧的基础设施，建设新的基础设施；这意味着，放开贸易，推进教育、卫生和社会安全网改革；这还意味着，释放妇女的经济力量。

I would like to expand on two potential game changers.

对于两个可能彻底改变现状的方面，我想展开谈一谈。

Infrastructure investment

基础设施投资

One is infrastructure investment – where it is carefully chosen and efficient. Let me be clear: I am not referring to the proverbial “bridges to nowhere”. IMF research shows that increased public infrastructure investment raises output in the short term by boosting demand; and in the long term by raising the economy’s productive capacity. Indeed, lifting quality infrastructure investment is a major part of the G-20 growth agenda, which is estimated to add more than US$2 trillion to the global economy over the next four years.

一是基础设施投资——认真选择投资项目，高效加以实施。我明确地说，我不是指那种“绝路桥”。基金组织的研究表明，增加公共基础设施投资在短期内能够通过刺激需求而扩大产出，在长期内能够通过提高经济生产能力而扩大产出。实际上，增加高质量基础设施投资是二十国集团增长议程的重要内容，估计今后四年内可能使全球经济扩大2万亿美元以上。

The scope for such investments varies across countries, depending on their fiscal space and infrastructure gaps. India and Brazil, for example, would need to focus on removing bottlenecks – in transportation and energy – that constrain their growth. In the U.S. and Germany, it is more about fixing up existing infrastructure after decades of under-investment.

这种投资的范围因不同国家而异，取决于它们的财政空间和基础设施缺口。例如，印度和巴西需要把重点放在消除瓶颈上，这些瓶颈体现在交通运输和能源领域，制约了它们的成长。美国和德国主要应当在几十年的投资不足后修复现有的基础设施。

Whatever the need, now is the time to show determination – for example, by following through on the European Commission’s ambitious