陈冯富珍总干事在世界卫生组织执行委员会第136届会议上的报告（中英对照）

英文版：Report to the Executive Board at its 136th Session.doc 

中文版：在执行委员会第136届会议上的报告.doc 

Report to the Executive Board at its 136th Session

在执行委员会第136届会议上的报告

 

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界卫生组织总干事 陈冯富珍博士

 

Geneva, Switzerland

瑞士 日内瓦

 

26 January 2015

2015年1月26日

 

Mister Chairman, distinguished members of the Executive Board, Excellencies, colleagues in the UN system, ladies and gentlemen,

 

主席先生、尊敬的执行委员会委员、各位阁下、联合国系统的同事们、女士们、先生们，

 

We are meeting at a time of profound economic, social, and demographic transitions in a world in turmoil from multiple causes. Social inequalities have increased, with more of total global wealth held by just a few rich and powerful people. Numerous conflicts, sectarian clashes, and terrorist acts show the bleak side of humanity’s inhumanity.

 

我们是在世界因多种原因动荡不定，面临深刻的经济、社会和人口转型的时刻召开这次会议的。社会不平等加剧了，全球总财富有更多的部分掌握在少数富人和有权有势者手中。大量冲突、派系争斗和恐怖主义活动显示了人类非人性的阴暗一面。

 

Last year provided a brutal reminder of the continuing threat from emerging and epidemic-prone diseases. Ebola is by far the biggest and most tragic example.

 

去年一年，再度无情地提醒我们关注新的和流行性疾病的持续威胁。埃博拉显然是一个最耸人听闻和最具悲剧性的例子。

 

Currently, we face threats from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus now circulating widely throughout the Arabian Peninsula, multiple new strains of highly pathogenic avian influenza that have devastated poultry farms, and continuing human cases of H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza with a high fatality rate.

 

目前，我们面对种种威胁，包括当下横扫整个阿拉伯半岛的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒、蹂躏禽类养殖场的高致病性禽流感的多种新菌株，以及不断出现导致高死亡率的H5N1和H7N9禽流感人类病例。

 

The WHO Constitution refers to the “common danger” of unequal development and the importance of activities that contribute to the “harmony of human relations”.

 

世界卫生组织《组织法》提及不平衡发展是一种“共同的危害”，并提及推动“人类关系的和谐”的活动的重要性。

 

If public health has something to offer the world at large, it is this: growing evidence that well-functioning and inclusive health systems contribute to social cohesion, equity, and stability. They hold societies together and help reduce social tensions.

 

如果公共卫生还能对整个世界有所贡献，那它就是：越来越多的证据表明，运转良好的和包容性的卫生系统将有助于社会凝聚、平等和稳定。它们将社会聚拢在一起，帮助缓解社会紧张局势。

 

As I have said before, universal health coverage is one of the most powerful social equalizers among all policy options.

 

如我以前说过的，在所有政策方案中，全民健康覆盖是实现社会公正的最强大工具之一。

 

Health systems and supporting infrastructures, like laboratories and hospitals with electricity and running water, backed by road systems and enough staff and ambulances, are not a luxury to invest in when funds are available or other priorities have been met.

 

卫生系统以及支撑它们的基础设施，例如有水电供应的实验室和医院，连同背后的道路系统和充足的人员和救护车，不是在资金充裕或其它优先考虑得到满足的情况下，才会想起进行投资的奢侈品。

 

They are an essential cushion against the shocks our 21st century societies are delivering with ever greater frequency, whether from a changing climate or a runaway virus. Without this cushion, a shock to health can take on much broader dimensions. What begins as a health crisis can become a humanitarian, social, financial, and security crisis.

 

它们是抵御二十一世纪社会中日益频繁的种种冲击的不可或缺的缓冲，无论冲击是来自气候变化，还是来自失控的病毒。没有这一缓冲，人类健康将在更为广泛的层面上受到冲击。一场最初的卫生危机可以演化为人类、社会、金融和安全危机。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们、先生们，

 

Your agenda covers some of the most pressing public health problems of the day: the health effects of a changing climate, the threat from the failure of more and more antimicrobial medicines, and the need to overcome the dynamics of market failure that left clinicians empty-handed when treating a long-established and lethal disease like Ebola.

 

大家的议程涉及当今一些最为紧迫的公共卫生问题：气候变化带来的健康后果，越来越多的抗菌药物失效造成的威胁，还需要克服市场失灵，市场失灵导致临床医生在治疗埃博拉一类早已认定的和致命的疾病时一筹莫展。

 

Last year’s WHO conference on climate and health reminded the world that humans really are the most important species endangered by climate change. That conference, which attracted around 400 participants, was also the first carbon-neutral meeting ever held by WHO.

 

世卫组织去年的健康与气候变化问题会议提醒世界注意，人类实际上是气候变化导致的最重要的濒危物种。该次会议吸引了大约400名与会者，也是世卫组织曾经召开的第一次碳中和会议。

 

Many vector-borne diseases are highly sensitive to climate variables. Dengue is one. In recent years, the principal insect vectors that transmit this disease have silently spread worldwide and are now present in more than 150 countries. Dried mosquito eggs travel very well as stowaways in international cargo. Climate change may propel even wider spread.

 

许多媒介传播疾病对气候变化高度敏感。登革热即为其中之一。近些年来，传播此种疾病的主要昆虫病媒悄无声息地在全世界蔓延，目前出现在150多个国家。干蚊子卵如同偷渡者一样伴随国际货运长途旅行。气候变化则可能引发更为广泛的传播。

 

Resistance to antimicrobial medicines is happening in all parts of the world for an increasingly broad range of pathogens. The consequences for human health are severe, especially with so few replacement products in the pipeline. The world is moving towards a post-antibiotic era in which many common infectious diseases may once again kill.

 

在世界各个地区，日益众多的病源体对抗菌药物产生了耐药性。这对人类健康造成了严重后果，尤其是在生产线上，可以取而代之的产品少得可怜。世界正在走向后抗生素时代，在这个时代，许多原本普通的传染病很可能再度戕害生命。

 

In the absence of effective antibiotics, some of the most advanced interventions available to modern medicine, like organ transplantations, hip and joint replacements, cancer chemotherapy, and care of pre-term infants, could become too dangerous to perform.

 

由于缺乏有效的抗生素，一些现代医学中已有的最为先进的干预措施，例如器官移植、髋关节置换手术、癌症化疗，以及早产儿护理，都变得过于危险。

 

The consequences can be succinctly expressed: the end of modern medicine as we know it. Clinicians managing some cases of tuberculosis and gonorrhoea are already empty-handed as even “last resort” medicines no longer work.

 

对这些后果，可以有一个简单的表述，也即我们所谓的现代医学的终结。治疗一些结核病和淋病的临床医生已经一筹莫展，因为即使作为“最后手段”的药物也不再有效。

 

Clinicians are empty-handed for another big reason as well: the failure of current systems and incentives to stimulate the development of new medical products for diseases that disproportionately affect the poor. If we are serious about our commitment to fair and inclusive health care, we are morally obliged to use the powers of scientific research and pharmaceutical innovation to reduce some of the health-related misery of the poor.

 

临床医生的一筹莫展，还有另一个重大原因：当前的制度和激励措施不能够刺激人们开发新的医药产品，用来治疗主要是影响穷人的疾病。如果我们对公正和包容性卫生保健的承诺是严肃的，我们就负有道德义务，必须运用科学研究和药物创新的力量，减轻穷人一些与卫生相关联的苦难。