阿奇姆·施泰纳在第15届非洲部长级环境会议开幕式上的主旨发言（中英对照）

Conserving Natural Capital

保护自然资源

Africa, the world’s second-largest continent, holds a huge proportion of the world’s natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable.

非洲是世界第二大洲，可再生及非可再生资源的蕴藏量占世界总储量的比重很大。

According to the African Development Bank:

非洲发展银行统计资料显示：

– About 30 per cent of the world’s mineral reserves are in Africa,

·非洲矿储量约占世界矿储藏量总量的30%

– The continent has 8 per cent of the world’s natural gas reserves,

·天然气储量的8%

– 12 per cent of its oil reserves,

·石油储量的12%

– 40 per cent of its gold,

·金储量的四成

– and 80-90 per cent of its chromium and platinum.

·铬和铂总量的80-90%

– Africa holds 65 per cent of the world’s arable land,

·可耕地总面积的65%

– 10 per cent of internal renewable fresh water sources.

·内部可再生水资源总量的十分之一

– The African fisheries sector is estimated to be worth $24 billion.

·非洲渔业产值高达240亿美元左右

Natural capital is a critical asset, especially for low-income countries, in which it constitutes around 36 per cent of total wealth.

自然资源是一项关键的资产，对于低收入国家尤为重要，占总收入的36%左右。

Ecosystem services such as water, hydrologic regulation, soil fertility, biodiversity, climate change adaptation etc. underpin Africa’s economic sectors like energy, tourism and agriculture.

生态系统服务包括水资源供应、水文及土壤肥力调节、生物多样性保持以及气候变化适应等，它们支持着非洲能源、旅游和农业等经济部门的发展。

In 2012, natural resources accounted for 77 per cent of total exports and 42 per cent of Government revenue. Over 70 per cent of people living in sub-Saharan Africa depend on forests and woodlands for their livelihoods. Land in Africa is an economic development asset as well as a socio-cultural resource.

2012年，自然资源占非洲总出口的77%，政府财政收入的42%。撒哈拉以南非洲70%人口靠林吃饭。对于非洲而言，土地不仅是经济发展的资产，也是一种社会文化资源。

However, key natural capital assets continue to be used in an unsustainable manner. This means that the stream of economic and social benefits generated from these resources is being reduced over time:

然而，对于重要自然资源的开发利用仍不可持续，开发带来的社会经济效益日益减少。

– ADB reports that parts of Africa lose 50 tonnes of soil per hectare per year, which substantially reduces agricultural productivity and rural incomes,

·非洲发展银行报告显示，非洲部分地区土壤年流失量高达50顿每公顷，大大降低了农业生产力和农村收入；

– Fish catches have reduced substantively due to unsustainable levels of fishing, including illegal fishing,

·包括非法捕鱼在内的不可持续的捕鱼方式导致捕鱼量骤降；

– Deforestation continues to be a major challenge.

·滥砍滥伐问题仍是我们所面临的一个严峻挑战。

There is an urgent need to step up regional and national efforts and to consider natural capital valuation in decision making in order to harness the full potential of Africa’s rich endowments and to employ the competitive advantage offered as an engine for inclusive economic growth.

要想实现非洲资源的最优化利用并依托资源优势拉动经济发展，就迫切需要非洲地区及非洲各国加大工作力度，迫切需要将自然资本价值因素纳入决策考量之中。

At the same time we need to be proud of what we have achieved. Today, all 54 African states have the established structures and mechanisms required to achieve sound natural resources management, which underpin development across all sectors and a life of dignity for all.

当然，我们也应当看到已经取得的骄人成绩。目前，所有非洲国家均已建立起完善的自然资源管理机制。这54个国家所拥有各项管理机制推进了各行业领域的发展，并加快了“人人都能有尊严地生活”目标的实现。

On Climate Change

气候变化

The harsh impacts of climate change pose an imminent danger to lives and development efforts everywhere across the developed or developing world.

气候变化的恶劣影响将对世界各国人民的生存和发展造成威胁。

Yet, the science shows that Africa is the continent where a rapidly changing climate is expected to deviate earlier than across any other continent from “normal” changes; making adaptation a matter of urgency.

但是，科学研究表明非洲大陆迅速变化的气候有可能比其他大陆更早地偏离“正常”变化；因此适应气候变化已经刻不容缓。

According to UNEP’s 2014 Emissions Gap Report, in order to limit global temperature rise to 2°C and head off the worst impacts of climate change, global carbon neutrality should be attained by mid-to-late century. This would also keep in check the maximum amount of carbon dioxide that can be emitted into the atmosphere while staying within safe temperature limits beyond 2020.

根据联合国环境规划署发布的《2014年排放差距报告》，为确保全球温度升高不超过2 ˚C并阻止气候变化造成灾难性后果，应当在本世纪中后期实现全球碳中和。同时，控制释放至大气中的二氧化碳的最大限额，并在2020年以后保持在安全温度限额内。

Exceeding an estimated budget of just 1,000 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (Gt CO₂) would increase the risk of severe, pervasive, and in some cases irreversible climate change impacts.

超过1000亿吨二氧化碳（Gt CO₂）的预算会增加产生严重的、普遍的、甚至不可逆的气候变化影响的风险。

The latest edition of the Africa Adaptation Gap report indicates that extensive areas of Africa will exceed 2°C by the last two decades of this century relative to the late 20th century mean annual temperature.

最新版的《非洲适应差距报告》表明，到本世纪的最后二十年，非洲大部分地区将比20世纪末的年平均气温高出2 ˚C。

This would have a severe impact on agricultural production, food security, human health and water availability.

这将对农业生产，食品安全，人类健康和可利用水资源造成严重的影响。

In a 4˚C world, projections for Africa suggest sea levels could rise faster than the global average and reach 80 cm above current levels by 2100 along the Indian and Atlantic Ocean coastlines, with particularly high numbers of people at risk of flooding in the coastal cities of Mozambique, Tanzania, Cameroon, Egypt, Senegal and Morocco.

对非洲的预测表明，如果全球气温上升4˚C，印度洋和大西洋沿岸海平面上升的速度可能会超过全球平均速度，到2100年将比现在的海平面高出80cm，莫桑比克，坦桑尼亚，喀麦隆，埃及，塞内加尔和摩洛哥等沿海城市的众多人口将遭受洪灾。

Under these scenarios, adaptation costs will reach US $50 billion annually by mid-century.

在这样的情况下，到本世纪中期，年均适应开支将达500亿美元。

The only insurance against climate change impacts is ambitious global mitigation action in the long-run combined with large-scale, rapidly increasing and predictable funding for adaptation. Investment in building resilience must continue to be a top funding priority, including as an integral part of national development planning.

要避免气候变化的影响就必须采取长期的全球减排行动，并为适应气候变化进行大规模的、不断增加的、可预期的投资。必须继续将复原能力建设作为投资的首要对象，并作为国家发展计划中的不可缺少的一部分。

We hope that the scientific studies presented to the meeting will help inform AMCEN, the African Group of Negotiators and CAHOSCC in their efforts to ensure that the continents’ priorities and aspirations are well reflected in international agreements.

我们希望本次会议所展示的科学研究能为非洲环境部长级会议（AMCEN），非洲集团谈判者和非洲首脑气候变化会议（CAHOSCC）提供参考，以使非洲大陆优先考虑的事项和愿望在国际协议中得到良好的体现。