世卫总干事陈冯富珍博士在第六十八届世界卫生大会上的致辞（中英对照）

英文版：Speech at the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly.doc 

中文版：世卫组织总干事在第六十八届世界卫生大会上的致辞.doc

Speech at the Sixty-eighth World Health Assembly

在第六十八届世界卫生大会上的致辞

 

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世卫组织总干事陈冯富珍博士

 

18 May 2015

2015年5月18日

 

Mister President, Excellencies, honourable ministers, ambassadors, distinguished delegates, ladies and gentlemen,

 

主席先生、各位阁下、尊敬的各位部长、大使们、尊敬的各位代表、女士们、先生们，

 

This is a time of transitions and transformations.

 

这是一个变迁和变革的时代。

 

WHO is currently responding to the devastating earthquakes in Nepal, where we are coordinating the work of more than 150 humanitarian organizations and 130 self-sufficient foreign medical teams.

 

世卫组织目前正在应对尼泊尔的灾难性地震，我们在那里协调了150多个人道主义组织和130个自给自足的外国医疗小组的工作。

 

But our biggest emergency response is concentrated in West Africa, where we currently have about 1,000 staff on the ground. In late 2013, the Ebola virus expanded its geographical range, utterly devastating the populations and economies of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.

 

但我们最重大的紧急情况应对集中在西非，我们目前在现场有大约1000名工作人 员。2013年末，埃博拉病毒扩大了其地理范围，对几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂的人口和经济造成了毁灭性打击。

 

The world was ill-prepared to respond to an outbreak that was so widespread, so severe, so sustained, and so complex. WHO was overwhelmed, as were all other responders. The demands on WHO were more than ten times greater than ever experienced in the almost 70-year history of this Organization.

 

面对传播范围如此之广，程度如此之严重，持续时间如此之长，性质如此之复杂的疫情，世界措手不及。对世卫组织的要求要十数倍于本组织近七十年来历史上曾经经历的情况。

 

With support from many partners and numerous Member States, the three countries have made tremendous progress in recent months. On 9 May, WHO declared an end to the Ebola outbreak in Liberia. I want to commend President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf for her outstanding leadership throughout this crisis.

 

在许多伙伴和众多会员国的支持下，近几个月来，这三个国家取得了巨大进展。5月9日，世卫组织宣布利比里亚的埃博拉疫情结束。我要赞扬埃伦·约翰逊·瑟利夫总统，她出色领导了应对整个这场危机的工作。

 

WHO staff will remain in the three countries until the job, including the recovery of essential health services, is done.

 

世卫组织工作人员将留在这三个国家，直至完成有关工作，包括恢复基本卫生服务。

 

The Ebola outbreak has pushed the process of WHO reform into high gear, giving top priority to changes in WHO emergency operations.

 

埃博拉疫情已经推动世卫组织的改革进程走上快行道，使世卫组织应急行动的变革成为重中之重。

 

I have made some decisions. These decisions were guided by the resolution adopted by the January Special Session of the Executive Board on Ebola, and by the first report of the Ebola interim assessment panel.

 

我作出了一些决定。这些决定是依据2015年1月份执行委员会埃博拉问题特别会议通过的决议，以及埃博拉中期评估小组的报告作出的。

 

I have heard what the world expects from WHO. I have heard calls for clear lines of command and control, for streamlined administrative procedures that support speedy action, for effective coordination with others, and for stronger community engagement and better communications.

 

我已得知世界对世卫组织的预期。我还听到人们要求制定清楚的指挥和控制方针，简化支持采取快速行动的行政程序，与其他各方进行有效协调，以及加强社区参与和改进通报工作。

 

Concerning command and control, I have an excellent cabinet in my six Regional Directors. They advise. I listen. I decide.

 

关于指挥和控制，我有一个由六名区域主任组成的优秀内阁。他们建议。我倾听。我决定。

 

As Director-General of WHO, I am committed to building an Organization with the culture, systems, and resources to lead the response to outbreaks and other health emergencies. The Organization you want. The Organization the world needs.

 

作为总干事，我决心建立一个有其领导应对疫情和其他卫生突发事件的文化、制度和资源的组织。这是大家期待的组织。这也是世界需要的组织。

 

I am making some fundamental changes to enable WHO to do this job well. I am creating a single new programme for health emergencies, uniting all our outbreak and emergency resources across the three levels of the Organization.

 

我促成了一些根本性的变化，使世卫组织能够不负重托。我正在创立一个应对卫生突发事件的单一的新规划，统一在本组织三个层级上所有的疫情和突发事件资源。

 

The new programme is designed for speed, flexibility, and rapid impact. It reports directly to me, and I am accountable to you. The programme will have performance benchmarks showing what must happen within 24, 48, and 72 hours, not months.

 

新的规划旨在造成及时、灵活和快速的影响。它直接向我负责，我向大家负责。该规划将制定绩效基准，显示在24、48和72小时，而不是数月之内必须做到的事情。

 

Strengthening national response capacity is a major aim of this initiative. Partnerships with key UN agencies and other international responders is a core feature. These include the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, UNICEF, the World Food Programme, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and Doctors without Borders, or MSF.

 

加强国家应对能力是该项举措的一个首要目标。与主要联合国机构和其它国际应对者的伙伴关系是其核心特征。这些机构和应对者包括人道主义事务协调厅、儿童基金会、世界粮食规划署、国际红十字会和红新月会联合会，以及无国界医生组织。

 

As requested in the January resolution, I have developed plans for a global health emergency workforce drawn from the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network, the Global Health Cluster, foreign medical teams, and others. Their work will be coordinated by the new programme.

 

如执行委员会埃博拉问题特别会议1月份决议中所要求的，我制定了全球卫生突发事件人力计划，这些人力将来自全球疫情警报和反应网络、全球卫生部门、外国医疗队和其他方面。他们的工作将由新的规划加以协调。

 

Many governments have established rapid response teams that can be deployed quickly to respond to national or international crises. I am grateful for their offers of support to WHO. We are making good use of this support in our response to the earthquakes in Nepal.

 

许多政府设立快速反应小组，可迅速部署，应对国家或国际危机。我感谢他们允诺支持世卫组织。我们正在应对尼泊尔地震时妥善利用这一支持。

 

I am strengthening the skills base of my emergency staff, adding logisticians, medical anthropologists, and experts in risk communication. This additional capacity is reflected in the increase I have proposed in the programme budget 2016–2017.

 

我加强了我的应急人员的技能基础，增加了后勤人员，医务人类学家以及风险通报专家。这一新增能力将体现在我提议在2016-2017年规划预算草案中增加的预算上。

 

The programme will have a roster of experienced and competent emergency coordinators from across the entire Organization who can be deployed quickly to lead field operations.

 

该方案将有一个名册，载明整个组织那些有经验和有资质的紧急情况协调员，他们可迅速加以部署，领导现场行动。

 

The programme will have its own business rules and operational platforms. I am developing streamlined administrative and managerial procedures, including procedures for logistics, procurement, and staff recruitment.

 

该规划将有自己的业务规则和行动平台。我正在制定简化的行政管理程序，包括后勤、采购和职员招聘程序。

 

With the support of Member States, I am establishing a $100 million contingency fund, financed by flexible voluntary contributions, to ensure we have the necessary resources available to immediately mount an initial response.

 

在会员国支持下，我将设立一个1亿美元的应急基金，由灵活的自愿捐款供资，以确保我们掌握必要的资源，可迅速展开初步应对。

 

In summary, I am making the following five changes:

 

总之，我正在促成以下五个变化：

 

I am creating a unified WHO programme for health emergencies, accountable to me.

 

我设立了一个对我负责的统一的世卫组织卫生突发事件规划。

 

I am establishing clear performance metrics for the programme, built on partnerships with other responders.

 

在与其他行动者的伙伴关系基础上，我制定了该规划的明确的绩效指标。

 

I am establishing a global health emergency workforce, and I am strengthening our core and surge capacity of trained emergency response staff.

 

我建立了一支全球卫生突发事件人力队伍，我正在加强训练有素的紧急情况应对人员的核心和激增的能力。

 

I am developing new business processes to facilitate a rapid and effective response.

 

我正在制定新的业务程序，促进迅速和有效应对。

 

And I have proposed options for a new $100 million contingency fund.

 

我提出了一些选择，以建立新的1亿美元应急基金。

 

I do not ever again want to see this Organization faced with a situation it is not prepared, staffed, funded, or administratively set up to manage.

 

我再不希望看到本组织陷入准备不足、人员短缺、资金匮乏、或行政管理上一筹莫展的境地。

 

We will move forward on an urgent footing. I plan to complete these changes by the end of the year.

 

我们将在此紧急立脚点上继续前行，我计划到今年底实现这些变化。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们、先生们，

 

Countries need well-functioning health systems that can withstand shocks, whether these are caused by a changing climate, a runaway virus, or an overload of patients with noncommunicable diseases.

 

国家需要运转良好的卫生系统，以抵御冲击，不论这些冲击是源于气候变化、病毒失控、还是源于非传染性疾病患者负担过重。

 

As a defence against the infectious disease threat, countries also need the core capacities required to implement the International Health Regulations. Doing so is critical to the global health security agenda.

 

为抵御传染病威胁，各国还需要建立必要的核心能力，以执行《国际卫生条例》。这对全球卫生安全议程是至关重要的。

 

The IHR are not performing with the effectiveness envisioned for this legal instrument that aids preparedness and promotes an orderly rules-based response. Changes are needed here as well. As many of you have noted, self-assessment of core capacities to implement the IHR is not enough. Independent peer-review is needed to ensure that these capacities meet international standards.

 

《国际卫生条例》旨在协助建立防范能力，有条不紊地按规则进行应对，但这一法律文书的实施，并没有达到为其设想的效果。这里同样需要有变化。如你们当中许多人注意到的，对执行《国际卫生条例》的核心能力，靠自我评估是不够的。需要进行独立的同行审查，以确保这些能力符合国际标准。

 

Many appreciated the way WHO moved to unite scientists, the R&D community, and the pharmaceutical industry to develop vaccines, medicines, therapies, and rapid diagnostic tests with record-breaking speed.

 

许多人都对世卫组织着手团结科学家、研发社团、以及制药业进而以创记录的速度开发疫苗、药品、疗法和迅速的诊断测试方法表示赞赏。

 

Concerning new medical products, a high-level Ebola R&D forum was held last week. That meeting translated experiences with Ebola into a new model for the accelerated development, testing, and approval of medical products during emergencies caused by any emerging or re-emerging infectious disease.

 

关于新的医疗产品，上个星期举办了一次高级别的埃博拉研究与发展论坛。会议将埃博拉方面的经验转化为新的模式，以在任何新出现或再度出现的传染病引发的紧急情况期间，加速开发、测试和批准医疗产品。

 

This is a ground-breaking achievement. Ebola is not the only epidemic-prone disease that has no vaccines or treatment. Nor has the world seen its last new human pathogen.

 

这是一个具有开拓性的成就。埃博拉不是唯一的尚无疫苗或治疗方法的流行性疾病。世界也没有看到其最新的人类病原体。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们、先生们，

 

This is a year of transition.

 

这是变迁的一年。

 

The world has changed dramatically since the start of this century, when the Millennium Development Goals were put forward as the overarching framework for development cooperation.

 

本世纪发轫之初，《千年发展目标》作为发展合作的总框架付诸实施，自那以来，世界发生了巨大变化。

 

World leaders at the Millennium Summit sought to create what they called “a more peaceful, prosperous, and just world”. That did not happen as planned.

 

世界领导人在千年首脑会议上，寻求建立一个他们称为“更加和平、繁荣和公正的世界”，这一点并没有按计划实现。

 

Terrorist attacks that deliberately targeted civilians became more deadly, daring, and common. Armed conflicts emerged to become the largest and longest experienced since the end of the Second World War.

 

蓄意以平民为目标的恐怖主义攻击更加致命、猖獗和普遍。武装冲突成为第二次世界大战结束以来规模最大，历时最长的经历。

 

The phrase “mega-disaster” entered the humanitarian vocabulary following record-breaking earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones, droughts, and floods.

 

前所未见的地震、海啸、热带飓风、干旱和洪水接踵而来，如今，“特大灾害”已经进入人道主义词库。

 

Warnings about the consequences of climate change got louder.

 

对气候变化的结果，警告之声日高。

 

Food and fuel crises that spread internationally revealed the costs of living in a world of radically increased interdependence. A financial crisis rocked the global economy, moving the outlook from prosperity to austerity virtually overnight.

 

在国际上蔓延的粮食和燃料危机显示了生活在一个相互依存关系大大加深的世界上的代价。金融危机颠覆了全球经济，一夜之间将繁荣的前景拉回紧缩。

 

The consequences of these crises proved highly contagious and profoundly unfair, hurting countries that had nothing to do with the causes.

 

情况表明，这些危机的后果具有高度传染性，而且非常不公正，伤害了与其原因毫无牵扯的那些国家。

 

The world population got bigger, more urban, and a lot older, adding dementia to the list of top priorities.

 

世界人口日趋庞大，日趋城镇化，也日趋老龄化，在当务之急的清单上，添加了老年痴呆症这一项。

 

It also got richer. Countries like China and India lifted millions of their citizens out of poverty. In many other countries, the benefits of growing wealth went to the privileged few.

 

世界也变得更富裕。中国和印度等国帮助其成百上千万公民摆脱了贫困。在其它许多国家，财富激增的好处只归少数特权者占有。

 

The number of rich countries full of poor people grew. The demography of poverty changed. Today, 70% of the world’s poor live in middle-income countries.

 

随处可见穷人的富国的数目在增加。贫穷的人口统计发生了变化。今天，世界上70%的穷人生活在中等收入国家。

 

Unfairness and social injustice were documented in statistics showing the number of forced teenage marriages, the births that never got registered, the estimated 212 million children who are stunted or wasted, and the millions of people driven below the poverty line by the costs of health care they could not live without.

 

统计数字显示了强迫童婚的数字、从未登记的出生、估计2.12亿儿童发育迟缓或消瘦，数百万人因为生活中不可或缺的卫生保健费用沦入贫困线以下，所有这些，记录下不公平和社会非正义。

 

Hunger persisted, but the world as a whole got fat.

 

饥饿在继续，但整个世界却在增肥。

 

The globalized marketing of unhealthy products opened wide the entry point for the rise of lifestyle-related diseases. Noncommunicable diseases overtook infectious diseases as the principal driver of global mortality, changing the very foundations of how public health operates.

 

不健康产品的全球化营销为生活方式相关疾病的加剧敞开大门。非传染性疾病超出传染病，成为全球死亡率的主要驱动因素，改变了应如何推行公共卫生的根本依据。

 

This is a unique time in history where economic progress is actually increasing threats to health instead of reducing them.

 

这是历史上的一个独特时刻，经济进展实际上增加而不是减少了对健康的威胁。

 

Social media rose as a new voice with considerable force, yet few safeguards governing the accuracy of its content. Rumours got propagated as facts, undermining public compliance with health policies, like childhood immunization, rooted in impeccable science.

 

社交媒体成为势力巨大的一种新的声音，然而却少有保障措施，监管其内容的准确性。谣言扩散后变成事实，破坏了公众对卫生政策的信奉，例如建立在无可挑剔的科学基础上的儿童免疫接种。

 

The proliferation of front groups and lobbies, protecting commodities that harm health or the environment, created arguments that further muddled public thinking and challenged the authority of scientific evidence.

 

各类公关和游说团体激增，保护对健康或环境有害的商品，种种说法令人无所适从，挑战科学证据的权威。

 

As the century progressed, more and more first- and second-line antimicrobials failed. The pipeline of replacement products ran dry, raising the spectre of a post-antibiotic era in which common infections will once again kill. A draft global action plan on antimicrobial resistance is on your agenda. I urge you to adopt it.

 

随着本世纪的进展，越来越多的一线和二线抗微生物药物失效。替代产品的渠道陷入干涸，引起了人们对后抗生素时代的恐惧。在这样一个时代，普通的感染将会再次戕害生命。在大家的议程上，有一份抗微生物药物耐药性全球行动计划草案。我敦促大家通过这一草案。

 

Three new human pathogens emerged: SARS, H7N9 avian influenza, and the MERS coronavirus. The threat from H5N1 avian influenza persisted. In December 2013, the Ebola virus began to spread, unsuspected and undetected for three months.

 

出现了三个新型人类病原体：严重急性呼吸道综合征、H7N9禽流感、呼吸综合征冠状病毒。H5N1禽流感的威胁徘徊不去。2013年12月，埃博拉病毒开始蔓延，有3个月的时间无人怀疑，无人发现。

 

Right now, Niger is experiencing a very large meningitis outbreak, with nearly 6,000 cases and more than 400 deaths. We are running out of vaccines.

 

就在当下，尼日尔正在经历规模巨大的脑膜炎疫情，患者将近6000例，400多人死亡。而我们已经没有疫苗。

 

In just the past three years, the diversity and geographical distribution of influenza viruses circulating in wild and domestic birds reached levels never seen since the advent of modern tools for virus detection and characterization. The situation is now unprecedented. The world needs to be on high alert.

 

在刚刚过去的三年中，野生鸟类和家禽中传播的流感病毒，就多样性和地理分布而言，都达到了自现代病毒检测和鉴定工具问世以来从未见过的水平。这种情况史无前例。世界需要高度警惕。

 

All of these transitions, shifts, shocks, and challenges shape the context in which health and development operate.

 

所有这些变迁、转换、冲击和挑战构成了卫生和发展工作的环境。

 

We must never forget: all these new threats in our increasingly dangerous world affect people, their health, their livelihoods, their lives. Whatever we do, we must always remember the people.

 

我们决不能忘记：在这个日益危险的世界里，所有这些新威胁都会影响民众，影响他们的健康、生计和生活。不论我们做什么，都必须始终为民众着想。

 

I extend my deepest condolences to the families of the many who have died in recent natural disasters and conflicts, outbreaks, large and small, and from NCDs detected and treated too late.

 

最近发生的大大小小的自然灾害、冲突和疫情，以及非传染性疾病发现和治疗过迟，造成了诸多死亡，我向这些死者的家属致以深切慰问。