陈冯富珍总干事在第六十九届世界卫生大会上的开幕致辞（中英对照）

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Address to the Sixty-ninth World Health Assembly

在第六十九届世界卫生大会上的致辞

 

Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界卫生组织总干事  陈冯富珍博士

 

Geneva, Switzerland

瑞士日内瓦

 

23 May 2016

2016年5月23日

 

Mister President, Excellencies, honourable ministers, ambassadors, distinguished delegates, colleagues, ladies and gentlemen,

 

主席先生、各位阁下、尊敬的各位部长、各位大使、尊敬的各位代表、各位同事、女士们、先生们，

 

Public health constantly struggles to hold infectious diseases at bay, to change lifestyle behaviours, and to find enough money to do these and many other jobs.

 

公共卫生始终在努力奋斗，遏止传染病，改变生活行为方式，并筹措足够的资金去完成这些和其它许多工作。

 

But sometimes we need to step back and celebrate.

 

但有时，我们需要稍作停留，以表庆贺。

 

Commitment to the Millennium Development Goals brought focus, energy, creative innovation, and above all money to bear on some of the biggest health challenges that marred the start of this century.

 

对《千年发展目标》的承诺促使人们将重点、精力、创新，尤其是资金都投入到肆虐于本世纪初叶的一些最重大的卫生挑战上来。

 

We can celebrate the 19 000 fewer children dying every day, the 44% drop in maternal mortality, and the 85% of tuberculosis cases that are successfully cured.

 

可以庆贺的是，每天的儿童死亡人数减少了1.9万名，孕产妇死亡率下降了44%，有85%的结核病例得到治愈。

 

Africa in particular can celebrate the 60% decline in malaria mortality, especially since the African Leaders Malaria Alliance, supported by partners, did so much to make this happen.

 

尤其是，非洲可以庆贺疟疾死亡率降低了60%，特别是自非洲领导人抗疟联盟建立伊始，在伙伴支持下，作出了极大努力来实现这一点。

 

We can celebrate the fastest scale-up of a life-saving treatment in history. More than 15 million people living with HIV are now receiving antiretroviral therapy, up from just 690 000 in 2000.

 

可以庆贺的是，我们以历史上最快的速度扩大了拯救生命的治疗。超过1500万艾滋病患者目前接受了抗逆转录病毒疗法，而在2000年仅为69万人。

 

A culture of measurement and accountability evolved to make aid more effective. Greater transparency brought the voice of civil society to bear in holding governments and donors accountable for their promises.

 

发展了衡量和问责文化，使援助更加有效。提高了透明度，促成了民间社会发声，就政府和捐助者的承诺向其问责。

 

The profile of health changed, from a drain on resources to an investment that builds stable, prosperous, and equitable societies.

 

卫生景观发生了变化，从消耗资源到投资于建设稳定、繁荣和平等的社会。

 

Everyone in this room can be proud of these achievements.

 

本会议室在坐各位都可以为这些成就感到自豪。

 

You have saved many millions of lives. Your strategic and technical innovations have left us well-prepared to set our sights even higher. You deserve an applause.

 

你们拯救了数以百万计的生命。你们的战略性和技术性创新帮助我们作好充分准备，将目光瞄向更为高远的目标。应当为你们喝彩。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们、先生们，

 

In an interconnected world characterized by profound mobility of people and goods, few threats to health are local anymore.

 

在这个人员和商品密集流动的相互关联的世界上，再没有多少健康威胁属于地方性威胁。

 

Air pollution is a transboundary hazard that affects the global atmosphere and contributes to climate change.

 

空气污染是一种跨越边界的危害，影响到全球大气层，导致了气候变化。

 

Drug-resistant pathogens, including the growing number of “superbugs”, travel well internationally in people, animals, and food.

 

耐药病原体，包括数目日增的“超级病菌”，借助人类、动物和食品环游世界。

 

The marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages, especially to children, is now a global phenomenon.

 

不健康食品和饮料的营销，尤其是对儿童的营销，已经成为一个全球现象。

 

Safeguarding the quality of pharmaceutical products has become much harder, with complex manufacturing procedures and supply chains spanning multiple companies and countries.

 

保障医药产品的质量是一项更为艰难的任务，因为众多公司和国家有其错综复杂的制造工艺和供应链。

 

Ensuring the quality of the food supply is also much harder when a single meal can contain ingredients from all around the world, including some potentially contaminated with exotic pathogens.

      

确保食品供应的质量同样更为艰难，因为仅只是一餐饭，也可能含有来自世界各地的成分，包括一些可能受到外来病原体污染的成分。

 

The refugee crisis in Europe taught the world that armed conflicts in faraway places will not stay remote.

 

欧洲的难民危机告诉世界，他乡的武装冲突不会始终远在天边。

 

The Ebola outbreak in 3 small countries paralyzed the world with fear and travel constraints.

 

在三个小国的埃博拉疫情带来的恐惧和旅行限制，瘫痪了整个世界。

 

Last year, a business traveller returning home to the Republic of Korea, infected with the MERS coronavirus, disrupted the country’s economy as well as its health system.

 

去年，一位商务旅客返回大韩民国，他感染了中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒，随后导致了一个国家的经济及其卫生系统的紊乱。

 

The rapidly evolving outbreak of Zika warns us that an old disease that slumbered for 6 decades in Africa and Asia can suddenly wake up on a new continent to cause a global health emergency.

 

寨卡病毒病的快速演进警告我们，一种在非洲和亚洲沉寂了 60 年的宿病，可能会突然在一个新的大陆苏醒，引发全球性卫生突发事件。

 

This year’s appearance of urban yellow fever in Africa, now confirmed in the capital cities of Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, is yet another serious event with potential for further international spread.

 

今年在非洲出现的城市黄热病，目前已在安哥拉和刚果民主共和国的首都得到确认，这是又一个严重事件，有可能进一步在国际范围传播。

 

Ladies and gentlemen,

 

女士们、先生们，

 

For infectious diseases, you cannot trust the past when planning for the future.

 

就传染病而言，我们不可信赖过去，据此规划将来。

 

Changes in the way humanity inhabits the planet have given the volatile microbial world multiple new opportunities to exploit. There will always be surprises.

 

人类在地球上生活方式的改变使多变的微生物世界有了多个新的肆虐机会。意外将不断发生。

 

The possibility that a mosquito bite during pregnancy could be linked to severe brain abnormalities in newborns alarmed the public and astonished scientists.

 

妊娠期间被蚊子叮咬，可能与新生儿严重的脑部异常相关，这使公众忧心忡忡，科学家大为震惊。

 

Confirmation of a causal link between infection and microcephaly has transformed the profile of Zika from a mild disease to a devastating diagnosis for pregnant women and a significant threat to global health.

 

确认感染与小头畸形之间的因果关系，改变了寨卡的面貌，它从一种轻微病症成为对孕妇的灾难性诊断，严重威胁到全球卫生。

 

Outbreaks that become emergencies always reveal specific weaknesses in affected countries and illuminate the fault lines in our collective preparedness.

 

发展为紧急情况的疫情一向都会提示受影响国家的特定薄弱环节，表明我们集体防范能力的断层。

 

For Ebola, it was the absence of even the most basic infrastructures and capacities for surveillance, diagnosis, infection control, and clinical care, unaided by any vaccines or specific treatments.

 

就埃博拉而言，这是因为缺乏甚至最基本的基础设施和能力，用以进行检测、诊断、感染控制和临床治疗，同时得不到任何疫苗或特定治疗方法的支持。

 

For Zika, we are again taken by surprise, with no vaccines and no reliable and widely available diagnostic tests. To protect women of childbearing age, all we can offer is advice. Avoid mosquito bites. Delay pregnancy. Do not travel to areas with ongoing transmission.

 

就寨卡而言，我们又一次措手不及，没有疫苗、没有可靠或普遍可得的诊断测试。为保护育龄妇女，我们只能提供咨询意见。避免蚊虫叮咬。推迟怀孕。不要到传播地区旅行。

 

Zika reveals an extreme consequence of the failure to provide universal access to sexual and family planning services. Latin America and the Caribbean have the highest proportion of unintended pregnancies anywhere in the world.

 

寨卡显示了性和计划生育服务得不到普及的极端后果。拉丁美洲和加勒比是世界上意外怀孕比例最高的地区。

 

Above all, the spread of Zika, the resurgence of dengue, and the emerging threat from chikungunya are the price being paid for a massive policy failure that dropped the ball on mosquito control in the 1970s.

 

尤其重要的是，寨卡的传播、登革热的再现，基孔肯雅正在显现的威胁都是我们为1970年代重大政策失误导致蚊虫控制受挫而付出的代价。

 

The lesson from yellow fever is especially brutal. The world failed to use an excellent preventive tool to its full strategic advantage. For more than a decade, WHO has been warning that changes in demography and land use patterns in Africa have created ideal conditions for explosive outbreaks of urban yellow fever. Africa’s urbanization has been rapid and rampant, showing the fastest growth rates anywhere in the world.

 

黄热病的教训尤其惨痛。世界没有充分发挥其行之有效的预防手段的战略优势。十多年来，世卫组织一直在提醒人们，非洲人口统计和土地利用模式的变化造成了引爆城市黄热病疫情的最理想条件。

 

Migrants from rural areas, and workers from mining and construction sites, can now carry the virus into urban areas with powder-keg conditions: dense populations of non-immune people, heavy infestations with mosquitoes exquisitely adapted to urban life, and the flimsy infrastructures that make mosquito control nearly impossible.

 

非洲的城市化迅疾而狂野，增长率在世界上名列前茅。

 

来自农村的移民，以及来自矿区和建筑工地的工人，携带病毒进入了形同坐在火药桶上的城市地区：缺乏免疫力的稠密人口，完全适应城市生活的蚊虫的猛烈袭扰，以及使蚊虫控制几乎成为不可能的薄弱的基础设施。

 

The world has had a safe, low-cost, and effective vaccine that confers life-long protection against yellow fever since 1937. That’s nearly 80 years. Yellow fever vaccines should be and must be used more widely to protect people living in endemic countries. Yellow fever is not a mild disease.

 

1937年以来，世界曾有过安全、廉价和有效的疫苗，可以提供对黄热病的终生抗御。时至今日，已经将近80年。应当而且必须再度广泛使用黄热病疫苗，保护疾病流行国家的民众。黄热病不是一种轻微病症。

 

Let me give you a stern warning. What we are seeing now looks more and more like a dramatic resurgence of the threat from emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. The world is not prepared to cope.

 

请允许我发出严厉的警告。我们现在所看到的，越来越像是新的和再现的传染病威胁卷土重来。世界尚未做好应对的准备。

 

High-level assessments of the Ebola response have consistently called for more resilient health systems as a first line of defence. This is also the position taken at the G7 summit being held later this week in Japan.

 

对埃博拉应对的高级别评估一再呼吁作为第一道防线，建立更具抗御力的卫生系统。这也是将于本星期晚些时候在日本召开的七国集团首脑会议持有的立场。

 

I welcome the current joint external evaluations that are looking at preparedness and response capacities in several countries. The evaluations need to continue with the utmost urgency, as a tool under WHO authority and coordination.

 

我对目前就若干国家的防范和应对能力进行的联合外部评估表示欢迎。评估工作亟需作为世卫组织领导和协调下的一个工具，继续进行下去。

 

WHO is the organization with universal legitimacy to implement the International Health Regulations. The evaluations must be accompanied by well-resourced efforts to fill the gaps. Many generous countries have promised to support 76 countries to build IHR core capacities. I urge you to keep this promise.

 

世卫组织是具有实施《国际卫生条例（2005）》的普遍合法性的组织。评估工作必须辅之以资源充足的努力，以弥合差距。许多国家作出了慷慨承诺，以支持76国家建立与《国际卫生条例》有关的核心能力。我促请大家信守这一承诺。

 

Given what we face right now, and the next surprises that are sure to come, the item on your agenda with the most sweeping consequences, for a danger that can quickly sweep around the world, is the one on the reform of WHO’s work in health emergency management.

 

鉴于我们目前面临的情况，以及接下来肯定还将出现的种种不测，议程上针对可能迅速席卷整个世界的危险而提出的具有广泛后果的一个项目，就是改革世卫组织在突发卫生事件管理领域的工作。

 

The Secretariat’s report gives you an overview of the design, oversight, implementation plan, and financing requirements of the new health emergencies programme.

 

秘书处载于文件A69/30中的报告向大家概述了新的突发卫生事件规划的设计、监督和实施计划，以及其资金需求。

 

Setting this up marks a fundamental change for WHO, in which our traditional technical and normative functions are augmented by operational capacities needed to respond to outbreaks and humanitarian emergencies. Implementation of this change has moved forward quickly.

 

规划的制定标志着世卫组织的根本改变，这将通过建立必要的业务能力，应对疫情和人道主义突发事件，进而加强我们的传统技术和规范职能。这一改变的实施正在迅速进展中。

 

The programme’s design is aligned with the principles of a single programme, with one clear line of authority, one workforce, one budget, one set of rules and processes, and one set of standard performance metrics.

 

规划的设计是遵循统一的规划、统一的领导关系、统一的工作人力、统一的预算、统一的规则和程序以及一整套绩效衡量指标的原则。

 

In March, I established an Independent Oversight and Advisory Committee. This 8-member committee is monitoring the development and performance of the programme. The Committee will report its findings through the Executive Board to the Health Assembly.

 

三月份，我设立了一个独立监督和执行委员会，这一由八名成员组成的委员会正在监测该规划的制订和绩效。该委员会将通过执行委员会向卫生大会报告监测结果。

 

I urge you to give this item the serious consideration it deserves. Anything short of full political and financial support for the programme will handicap the WHO response, right now and into the future.

 

我促请大家对此一项目作出与其重要性相符的认真审议。在对该规划全力予以政治和财政支持方面，任何一点不足，都会在目前乃至今后影响到世卫组织的反应。