戴秉国在中美智库南海问题对话会上的讲话（中英对照）

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中文版：戴秉国同志在中美智库南海问题对话会上的讲话.doc

英文版：Speech by Dai Bingguo at China-US Dialogue on South China Sea Between Chinese an.doc

戴秉国在中美智库南海问题对话会上的讲话

Speech by Dai Bingguo at China-US Dialogue on South China Sea Between Chinese and US Think Tanks

 

2016年7月5日，华盛顿

5 July, Washington D.C

 

女士们，先生们，朋友们：

 

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

 

很高兴出席由中国人民大学重阳金融研究院和美国卡内基国际和平基金会共同主办的中美智库南海问题对话会，与各位新老朋友见面。借此机会，我要感谢两大机构组织这次对话会，并对长期关心支持中美关系发展的在座各位表示衷心感谢！

 

I am delighted to attend the China-US dialogue on South China Sea between Chinese and US think tanks jointly organized by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University and meet with old and new friends. I would like to take this opportunity to thank both organizations for putting this dialogue together and my sincere thanks go to all of you here who have for long cared for and supported the development of China-US relations.

 

我退休后当了北京大学国际战略研究院的名誉院长，一定意义上也是一名智库学者了。我很愿意与大家坦诚深入沟通，相互启发。

 

I became honorary president of the Institute of International and Strategic Studies at Peking University after retiring from government. In this sense, I can also be counted as a think tank scholar. I very much look forward to having candid and in-depth exchanges with all of you for mutual enlightenment.

 

40多年前，中美交往的大门打开之后，中美关系迎风冒雨势如破竹地一路向前发展，取得了巨大而非凡的成果，极大地造福于中美两国人民，也惠及了全世界。中美这样两个大国在短短40多年间彼此关系获得的巨大发展堪称大国关系史上的奇迹。

 

Since the door of communication between China and the US opened more than 40 years ago, China-US relations have come a long way despite twists and turns and produced tremendous and extraordinary outcomes. This has not only benefited the people of China and the US, but also the whole world. Fast growth of relations between these two major countries in a short span of 40 years can be described as nothing short of a miracle in the history of major-country relations.

 

差不多3年前，2013年6月，习近平主席与奥巴马总统在美丽的阳光之乡安纳伯格庄园成功会晤。3年多来，中美双方又围绕不冲突不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢这一战略共识，推动中美新型大国关系建设不断取得重要进展。两国在双边广泛领域和攸关人类前途命运的重大问题上携手合作。两国贸易额和双向投资都达到历史新高，双方不断加强宏观经济协调，有效推动世界经济复苏与发展。双方先后签署了3份气候变化联合声明，为达成气候变化《巴黎协定》发挥了关键引领作用。双方在两军、执法、能源、人文等领域务实合作继续拓展，在伊核、朝核、叙利亚、阿富汗、维和、发展、全球公共卫生等国际地区热点问题和重大全球性问题上开展密切协调与合作。这些合作造福两国，增强了国际社会对中美关系发展的正面预期。

 

Three years ago, in June 2013, President Xi Jinping and President Obama held a successful meeting in Annenberg, Sunnylands. Since then, guided by the strategic consensus of no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation, the two countries have continued to make important progress in the building of a new model of major country relations. China and the US have joined hands in promoting progress in a wide range of fields in bilateral relations and addressing major issues bearing on mankind’s future and destiny. Their trade volume and two-way investment have both scaled new heights. The two countries have stepped up macro-economic coordination which effectively facilitated world economic recovery and growth. China and the US have signed 3 joint statements on climate change, playing a crucial leading role for reaching the Paris Agreement on climate change. The two sides continued to broaden practical cooperation in military-to-military, law-enforcement, energy, and cultural and people-to-people exchanges. They have conducted close coordination and cooperation on international and regional hotspot issues and major global issues such as Iranian nuclear issue, Korean nuclear issue, Syria, Afghanistan, peacekeeping, international development and global public health. Such cooperation has benefited both countries, and bolstered international confidence in the continued growth of China-US relations.

 

毋庸讳言，作为历史文化、社会制度、价值理念迥异和发展水平不同的两个大国，彼此关系在发展过程中也会出现这样那样的分歧和问题。这十分正常，关键是要增进坦诚深入的战略性沟通，以建设性的态度处理和管控好有关分歧，甚至超越分歧，聚焦合作，发展合作。南海问题就是这样一个问题。

 

China and the US are two major countries with very different histories, cultures, social systems and values and at different levels of development. As such, it is only natural that they would encounter differences and challenges in their relations. What’s important is to increase strategic communication in a candid way and handle and manage differences in a constructive manner. Furthermore, we should endeavor to transcend differences by focusing on and expanding cooperation. The South China Sea could well have been an example of this approach.

 

近一段时间来，本来一向比较平静的南海变得不平静了，南海热起来了，甚至到了很不寻常的地步。引起国际社会广泛关注。真相究竟如何？我注意到，大多数关于南海问题的报道和评论仅从特定角度截取一个静态片段。未能展示南海问题的全貌。我想，研究一个国际热点问题，需要实事求是，充分考虑有关国际背景、厘清来龙去脉，并关注有关当事方往来互动，这样才能看到全貌，弄清是非，得出正确结论。本着这一方法，我想重点谈一下南海问题的历史经纬、中国的南海政策，并且探讨如何从中美关系的视角看待和把握南海问题，以利南海的温度真正降下来，恢复它往日的平静。

 

For a period of time, the South China Sea which used to be a rather quiet place has become not so quiet. The situation there has heated up to a quite unusual degree, drawing extensive international attention. What has really happened there? I noticed that reports and comments on this issue tend to take a static view from a certain angle, and thus have not shown the full picture of the South China Sea issue. In my view, to study an international hotspot issue, it is necessary to seek truth from facts by fully considering the relevant international background, tracing the historical development, and thoroughly reviewing how the concerned parties have interacted on this issue. Only in this way can one see the whole picture, tell right from wrong and draw the right conclusion. In this vein, I would like to focus my speech on the historical facts of the South China Sea issue and China’s policy on this issue. And I will endeavor to view and handle the South China Sea issue from the perspective of China-US relations and explore ways to genuinely cool down this issue and restore calm to this part of the world.

 

一、南沙群岛是中国固有领土

1. Nansha Islands are China’s integral territory.

 

中国和许多西方国家史料都可以佐证，中国人民最早发现、命名和开发经营南海诸岛，中国政府最早并持续和平、有效地对南海诸岛行使主权管辖。二战期间，日本曾非法侵占中国南海诸岛。战后，中国予以收复。二战后期的《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》等确立战后国际秩序的文件，要求日本将窃取的中国领土归还中国。战后，中国收复被日本侵占的台湾和澎湖列岛、西沙群岛和南沙群岛。各位知道吗？中国有关行动当时得到了美国麦克阿瑟将军的支持。中国军政人员正是乘坐美国提供的军舰分赴西沙和南沙群岛举行接收仪式的。其后，美国又多次就在南沙部分岛礁进行大地测量事向中国台湾当局提出申请。

 

Historical materials of China and many western countries corroborate the fact that it was the Chinese people who were the first to discover, name, develop and administer the islands in South China Sea, and that the Chinese government was the first to peacefully and effectively exercise continuous sovereign jurisdiction on South China Sea islands. During the Second World War, Japan illegally invaded and occupied China’s South China Sea islands, which were restored to China after the war. Pursuant to Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation, which were cornerstones of the post-war international order, Japan shall return the stolen Chinese territory to China. Following the end of the war, China restored Taiwan, Penghu Islands, Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands illegally occupied by Japan.

 

Many of you were probably not aware of this, but China’s actions to restore the islands was supported by General Douglas McArthur. China’s military and government personnel were ferried by US-provided military vessels to Xisha and Nansha Islands to hold the restoration ceremony. After that, the US filed applications to Chinese authorities on Taiwan to conduct geodetic survey in some of Nansha Islands on many occasions.

 

事实说明，南沙群岛回归中国，是战后国际秩序和相关领土安排的一部分。战后相当长时间内，美方一直承认并实际上尊重中国对南沙群岛的主权。中国对南海诸岛的主权作为战后国际秩序的一部分，还受《联合国宪章》等国际法保护。坦率地讲，美方现在说在有关领土问题上不持立场实际上是一种倒退，是对自己曾经参与构建的战后国际秩序的否定。

 

All this shows that the return of Nansha Islands to China is part of the post-war international order and relevant territorial arrangements. For a long time since the end of the War, the US has recognized and in reality respected China’s sovereignty over Nansha Islands. China’s sovereignty over South China Sea islands, as part of the post-war international order, is under protection by the UN Charter and other international law. To be blunt, when the US states today that it does not take a position on issues of territory, it actually amounts to back-peddling and defiance of the post-war international order, which the US itself has participated in building.

 

有充分理由可以说，南海问题上，中国完全是受害者。长期来南海本来无事，风平浪静。只是上世纪70年代以后，菲律宾、越南等国陆续非法武力侵占中国南沙群岛共42个岛礁，才产生了南沙群岛部分岛礁领土争议问题。几十年来，菲、越在非法侵占的中国南沙群岛部分岛礁上大兴土木、部署武备，不断在海上采取挑衅行动。菲越非法侵占及其所作所为，为国际法和《联合国宪章》所禁止，应当受到普遍谴责。全世界可以看到，在南海问题上，中国绝不是加害者、肇事者，而是完完全全的受害者。根据国际法，中国完全享有自保权和自卫权，也有能力收复上述岛礁。但从维护地区和平稳定的角度出发，中国长期以来一直保持高度克制，寻求通过谈判和平解决。近年来中国采取的一些行动，只是在忍无可忍的情况下针对个别国家侵权行动升级的最低限度的回应。换位思考，如果美国受到这样的挑衅，恐怕早就大动干戈，武力收回被侵占岛礁了。

 

There are sufficient grounds to state that on the South China Sea issue, China is completely at the receiving end of encroachments. For a long time, the South China Sea had remained trouble free and calm. But since the 1970s, the Philippines, Vietnam and other countries have illegally occupied 42 islands and reefs in China’s Nansha Islands by force, which gave rise to disputes over territory in these islands and reefs. Over several decades, the Philippines and Vietnam carried out large scale construction and deployed armaments on them and continued to take provocative actions at sea. These illegal occupations and provocations are violations of international law and the UN Charter, and should be universally condemned. The world can see that on the South China Sea issue, China is by no means a wrong-doer or trouble maker, but rather a victim. According to international law, China has every right to self-preservation and self-defense. It possesses the ability to recover the above-mentioned islands and reefs. However, in the interest of regional peace and stability, China has all along exercised enormous restraint, and sought peaceful settlement through negotiations. In recent years, China has taken actions only as compelled response at a minimal level to unbridled encroachments by certain countries on China’s rights and interests. Stand in China’s shoes for a moment, if it was the US who was challenged with such provocation, it would have long resorted to force to recover the illegally occupied islands and reefs.