习近平主席在网络安全和信息化工作座谈会上的讲话（节选）

China’s IT industry is well developed and has a strong foundation. In some areas it is approaching or has even reached a world-class level. With a huge potential market, we have the conditions and the ability to make even bigger advances in core technologies. The key is that we keep our head clear and our feet on the ground.

第一，正确处理开放和自主的关系。互联网让世界变成了地球村，推动国际社会越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。现在，有一种观点认为，互联网很复杂、很难治理，不如一封了之、一关了之。这种说法是不正确的，也不是解决问题的办法。中国开放的大门不能关上，也不会关上。我们要鼓励和支持我国网信企业走出去，深化互联网国际交流合作，积极参与“一带一路”建设，做到“国家利益在哪里，信息化就覆盖到哪里”。外国互联网企业，只要遵守我国法律法规，我们都欢迎。

To begin with, we need to strike the right balance between openness and autonomy.

The Internet has turned the world into a global village, promoting the transformation of the international community into a closely-interconnected community of shared future. However, there is a view that Internet is too complex to be governed, and that it would be best to just block it or shut it down. This view is not correct, and it is not the answer to the problem. China’s doors cannot and will not be closed. We need to encourage our Internet and IT companies to go global, to deepen international exchanges and cooperation, and to participate actively in the Belt and Road Initiative, so as to ensure that IT covers China’s national interests wherever they are found. At the same time, we welcome all foreign Internet companies to China, as long as they comply with our laws and regulations. 

现在，在技术发展上有两种观点值得注意。一种观点认为，要关起门来，另起炉灶，彻底摆脱对外国技术的依赖，靠自主创新谋发展，否则总跟在别人后面跑，永远追不上。另一种观点认为，要开放创新，站在巨人肩膀上发展自己的技术，不然也追不上。这两种观点都有一定道理，但也都绝对了一些，没有辩证看待问题。一方面，核心技术是国之重器，最关键最核心的技术要立足自主创新、自立自强。市场换不来核心技术，有钱也买不来核心技术，必须靠自己研发、自己发展。另一方面，我们强调自主创新，不是关起门来搞研发，一定要坚持开放创新，只有跟高手过招才知道差距，不能夜郎自大。

With regard to the development of technology, there are two viewpoints that warrant our attention. One view holds that we should close our doors and start afresh, totally freeing ourselves of reliance on foreign technology and developing through our own innovation; otherwise, we will always trail behind other countries and never catch up. The other view holds that we need to take an open approach to innovation, developing our technologies by standing on the shoulders of giants; otherwise, we will never catch up. Despite both having some merit, the two arguments both go a little too far, failing to view the problem dialectically. On one hand, core technologies are indispensable for a country. The most key and core technologies must come through self-innovation, self-reliance, and self-improvement. Core technologies cannot be traded or bought on the market with money, but must come from our own research and development. On the other hand, our emphasis on innovation does not mean that we should carry out R&D behind closed doors. It is essential that we take an open approach to innovation, as only by going up against a strong adversary can we know how far we trail behind and avoid complacency.

我们不拒绝任何新技术，新技术是人类文明发展的成果，只要有利于提高我国社会生产力水平、有利于改善人民生活，我们都不拒绝。问题是要搞清楚哪些是可以引进但必须安全可控的，哪些是可以引进消化吸收再创新的，哪些是可以同别人合作开发的，哪些是必须依靠自己的力量自主创新的。核心技术的根源问题是基础研究问题，基础研究搞不好，应用技术就会成为无源之水、无本之木。

We should not reject new technologies, which are products of human advancement. We will not reject any technology that helps to raise the standard of our country’s productive forces and improve the living standard of our people. The important thing is that we are clear about which technologies can be introduced from abroad, provided they are secure and controllable; which technologies can be introduced for the purpose of assimilation, absorption, and re-innovation; which technologies can be developed in collaboration with other parties; and which technologies must be developed independently through our own innovation. Core technologies are essentially a question of basic research. In the absence of good basic research, there is no foundation to support the development of applied technologies.

第二，在科研投入上集中力量办大事。近年来，我们在核心技术研发上投的钱不少，但效果还不是很明显。我看，主要问题是好钢没有用在刀刃上。要围绕国家亟需突破的核心技术，把拳头攥紧，坚持不懈做下去。

Next, we need to focus energies on major initiatives in R&D.

Though we have spent a lot of money on the research and development of core technologies in recent years, the results have not been particularly outstanding. In my view, the main problem is that our energies have not been put to the best use. It is therefore important that we clench our fists and continue working tirelessly on the core technologies that China urgently needs to master.

第三，积极推动核心技术成果转化。技术要发展，必须要使用。在全球信息领域，创新链、产业链、价值链整合能力越来越成为决定成败的关键。核心技术研发的最终结果，不应只是技术报告、科研论文、实验室样品，而应是市场产品、技术实力、产业实力。核心技术脱离了它的产业链、价值链、生态系统，上下游不衔接，就可能白忙活一场。

Thirdly, we need to actively promote the application of technological advances.

If technology is to advance, it must be put to use. In the global IT domain, the ability to consolidate innovation, industry, and value chains is increasingly becoming the most crucial determinant of success. The eventual outcome of the R&D of core technologies should not merely be technical reports, R&D papers, and lab samples, but rather actual products, technological prowess, and industrial strength. If a core technology becomes detached from its industrial chain, value chain, and ecosystem, failing to link upstream and downstream segments of the chain, its development may very well have been a wasted effort.

科研和经济不能搞成“两张皮”，要着力推进核心技术成果转化和产业化。经过一定范围论证，该用的就要用。我们自己推出的新技术新产品，在应用中出现一些问题是自然的。可以在用的过程中继续改进，不断提高质量。如果大家都不用，就是报一个课题完成报告，然后束之高阁，那永远发展不起来。

R&D and the economy cannot be detached from each other. We need to devote major efforts to promoting the commercial and industrial application of scientific and technological advances. Those technologies deemed applicable after deliberation on a certain scale must be applied. It is perfectly normal for new technologies and products to display certain faults during their application. In such cases, we can continue to make improvements and raise their quality as they are being applied. If nobody uses the technologies we develop, and if technologies are simply put aside after a research project has been completed and a report submitted, then we will never be able to develop.

第四，推动强强联合、协同攻关。要打好核心技术研发攻坚战，不仅要把冲锋号吹起来，而且要把集合号吹起来，也就是要把最强的力量积聚起来共同干，组成攻关的突击队、特种兵。我们同国际先进水平在核心技术上差距悬殊，一个很突出的原因，是我们的骨干企业没有像微软、英特尔、谷歌、苹果那样形成协同效应。美国有个所谓的“文泰来”联盟，微软的视窗操作系统只配对英特尔的芯片。在核心技术研发上，强强联合比单打独斗效果要好，要在这方面拿出些办法来，彻底摆脱部门利益和门户之见的束缚。抱着宁为鸡头、不为凤尾的想法，抱着自己拥有一亩三分地的想法，形不成合力，是难以成事的。

Finally, we need to promote collaboration between leading companies.

To clinch victory in an arduous struggle to develop core technologies, not only must we give the signal to charge, but we must also sound the call to assemble. In other words, we need to pool our most capable forces together to form a crack force that can overcome challenges in research and development. One of the main reasons why there is such a large gap between world leaders and us in core technologies is that our leading companies do not collaborate in the way that Microsoft, Intel, Google, and Apple do. For example, in the US, they have the “Wintel” alliance whereby Microsoft’s Windows operating system works only with Intel chips. In the development of core technologies, collaboration is a more effective strategy than going it alone. It is therefore important that we come up with some measures in this regard, to free ourselves from the constraints of departmental interests and faction-like bias. If we cannot overcome petty, small-minded thinking and form synergy, we will not succeed.