New action
initiatives 新的行动倡议
The Working Group recognized the
potential for bold, new, collaborative action to combat climate change and to
promote low carbon development. Drawing on the full expertise of our government
agencies, the Working Group examined a number of areas and recommended five new
action initiatives as a start. Taken together, these action initiatives will
address some of the key drivers of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution
in our countries, including urbanization, transportation, industrial emissions,
and coal-fired power generation. These initiatives also aim to produce
significant co-benefits including cleaner air, energy savings, and water
recovery.
工作组认识到全新大胆的合作行动在应对气候变化和促进低碳发展方面的潜力。在利用两国政府机构的全部专业力量的基础上，工作组对一些领域进行了研究并建议先由五项新的行动倡议做起。总体而言，这些行动倡议将针对两国最主要的温室气体排放源和空气污染源，包括城市化、交通、工业排放以及燃煤发电。这些倡议同时也将产生显著的协同效益，包括更清洁的空气、能源节约和水的回收利用。
1. Emission reductions from
heavy-duty and other vehicles. The emissions from heavy-duty vehicles
significantly degrade urban and regional air quality, while exacerbating global
climate change. Light-duty vehicles also contribute significantly to greenhouse
gas emissions, fuel use and air pollution. Efforts under this initiative will
include:
1、载重汽车和其他汽车的减排。载重汽车排放在加剧全球气候变化的同时，将严重降低城市和地区空气质量。轻型汽车同样对温室气体排放、燃料使用和空气污染有严重影响。本倡议的具体行动将包括：
A. Enhanced heavy-duty vehicle
fuel efficiency standards: Each country will work domestically to implement
policies and programs to improve fuel efficiency of heavy-duty vehicles. The
two countries will also deepen technical exchanges on efficiency standards for
light- and heavy-duty vehicles. Relevant agencies include China’s National
Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), China’s Ministry of Industry and
Information Technology, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
（1）提高载重汽车的燃油效率标准：两国将通过各自的国内政策和项目提高载重汽车的燃油效率。双方将深化有关轻型和载重汽车能效标准的技术交流。相关部门包括中国国家发展和改革委员会（简称“国家发改委”）、中国工业和信息化部、美国交通部（简称“交通部”）和美国环境保护署（简称“环保署”）。
B. Clean fuels and vehicle
emissions control technologies: China will expeditiously implement its new
low-sulfur standards and work toward adopting emission control technologies and
enhancing vehicle emissions standards. The U.S. EPA will continue to implement
its heavy-duty low-sulfur fuel and diesel standards and will provide technical
support as appropriate for China’s domestic policies. Relevant agencies include
China’s NDRC and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the U.S. EPA.
（2）清洁燃料和车辆排放控制技术：中国将尽快实施新的低硫标准，争取采用排放控制技术及提高车辆排放标准。美国环保署将继续实施其载重汽车低硫燃料和柴油标准，并将为中国国内政策提供适当的技术支持。相关部门包括中国国家发改委、中国环境保护部和美国环保署。
C. Promotion of efficient, clean
freight: Each country will work domestically to increase efficiency of road
freight transport, with the U.S. EPA providing technical assistance as
appropriate for implementation of green freight policies through the China
Green Freight Initiative. Relevant agencies include China’s NDRC and Ministry
of Transport, the U.S. EPA, and the U.S. DOT.
（3）推广高效、清洁的货运：双方将各自采取国内行动提高道路货运效率，美国环保署将通过中国绿色货运倡议为绿色货运政策的实施提供适当的技术支持。相关部门包括中国国家发改委、中国交通运输部和美国环保署、美国交通部。
2. Smart Grids. Recognizing the
fact that the integration of low carbon infrastructure, smart grid
technologies, and clean electricity offers a powerful means to reduce carbon
emissions in both the U.S. and China, both sides are to promote exchanges and
cooperation on smart grid related technology and policy issues through
workshops and dialogues. This work will build on collaboration between the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) and China’s National Energy Administration (NEA)
under the U.S.-China Renewable Energy Partnership and collaboration among the
U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the U.S. Trade and Development
Agency, the U.S. DOE, and China’s NEA on the Smart Grid Technical Exchange
Program.
2、智能电网。双方认识到对低碳基础设施建设、智能电网技术和清洁发电进行整体性考虑是中美两国减少碳排放的有力途径，将通过研讨会、对话推动就智能电网相关技术和政策促进交流与合作。这项工作将基于中国国家能源局（简称“能源局”）和美国能源部（简称“能源部”）在中美可再生能源合作伙伴关系框架下的合作和由美国联邦电力监管委员会、美国贸易发展署、美国能源部和中国能源局合作开展的智能电网技术交流计划。
3. Carbon capture, utilization
and storage. Together, the United States and China account for more than 40
percent of global coal consumption. Emissions from coal combustion in the
electric power and industrial sectors can be significantly reduced through
carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Building on the significant
R&D collaborations between the United States and China, and to encourage
the transition from research to commercial-scale demonstration, China and the
United States will cooperate to overcome previous barriers to CCUS deployment
by implementing several integrated CCUS projects in both countries. These
demonstrations will allow for enhanced trade and commerce. Both sides will
analyze CO2 “utilization” options, such as enhanced oil and gas recovery, as
well as innovative options such as fresh water production, work collaboratively
on capture and storage issues, such as demonstrating different capture
technology choices and monitoring and measuring of CO2 storage sites, and will
regularly convene government, academic, and industry representatives to examine
the regulatory framework for promotion of CCUS in the United States and China.
The United States and China will undertake a three-tiered effort to identify
integrated project sites; develop joint scientific and technical monitoring
programs to manage information and lessons learned from the projects; and
explore business-to-business joint cooperation for scaling up CCUS deployment.
These demonstrations will be complemented by a regular high-level policy
dialogue that will take stock of technical progress and exchange experiences
and policies for CCUS in the United States and China. Both countries can use
the information gained through this cooperation to take up necessary policies
for promoting CCUS demonstration at scale across major emitting sectors.
3、碳捕集、利用和封存。中美两国的煤炭消费量之和占全球总量的40%以上。碳捕集、利用和封存（简称“CCUS”）可大幅度减少电力和工业领域的燃煤排放。在双方重大研发合作的基础上，并鼓励由研究转向商业化规模的示范，中国和美国将开展合作，通过在两国实施数个整体性的CCUS项目，克服先前部署CCUS的障碍。这些示范项目将推进商业和贸易。双方将分析二氧化碳的“利用”方式，如提高油气采收，以及如淡水生产这样的创新性利用方式；在捕集和封存问题上合作努力，如不同封存技术选择的示范以及二氧化碳封存场址的监测和测量；将定期召集政府、学术界和产业界代表研究在中美两国推广CCUS的制度框架。中美两国将开展三个层面的工作，确定整体性项目的选址，制订联合科学和技术监测方案来管理项目的信息和经验，并探讨企业间共同合作逐步扩大CCUS应用规模。这些示范项目将结合举行定期的高级别政策对话，总结两国CCUS的技术进展并交流相关经验和政策。两国可将本项合作所获得信息用于制定必要的政策，促进CCUS在不同排放领域进行规模化示范。
4. Collecting and managing
greenhouse gas emissions data. Both countries place a high priority on
comprehensive, accurate reporting of economy-wide greenhouse gas emissions data
to track progress in reducing emissions and to support development and
implementation of mitigation policies. The United States and China intend to
work cooperatively on capacity building for collection and management of
greenhouse gas emissions data, building on extensive experience in this area.
Working together and with others, such as the World Bank’s Partnership for
Market Readiness, the United States and China can build models that may also
benefit other countries. This expanded initiative will encompass two
complementary activities: (a) technical and methodological assistance in data
reporting and data quality management at the facility and/or enterprise level;
and (b) sharing experiences in developing and maintaining an integrated system
for management of such data. These activities will build upon existing
cooperative work between the U.S. EPA and China’s NDRC and will include support
for reporting methodology development, technical training and developing data
collection and management design materials.
4、温室气体排放数据的收集和管理。中美两国高度重视全经济范围温室气体排放数据的全面、准确的报告，以便跟踪减排进展，并用以支持制定和实施减缓政策。中美两国将基于在该领域的广泛经验，合作开展温室气体排放数据收集和管理的能力建设。通过双方合作并与其他各方合作，如世界银行市场准备伙伴计划，中美两国可以创建对其他国家同样有所助益的模式。该倡议将扩展至两项补充性活动：（1）对设施和（或）企业一级的数据报告和数据质量管理提供技术性和方法学支持；（2）分享开发和维护数据管理综合系统方面的经验。这些活动将建立在中国国家发改委和美国环保署现有合作基础上，并将包括对报告方法学开发、技术培训以及编写温室气收集和管理设计材料的支持。
5. Energy efficiency in buildings
and industry. The United States and China place a high priority on improving
energy efficiency across industry and buildings, and recognize that there is
significant scope for reducing emissions and costs through comprehensive
efforts to improve energy efficiency while fostering economic growth. Indeed,
work is already underway in this area under the Energy Efficiency Action Plan
of the U.S.-China Ten Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and the
Environment. Both sides commit to intensify their efforts, with an initial
enhanced focus on promoting energy efficiency of buildings. We will engage the
private sector and other stakeholders in both the United States and China to
further enhance existing work to significantly reduce energy use in buildings
and industry in each country, including through the implementation of
innovative financing methods. This work will include cooperation on: energy
efficiency standards and testing for commercial, residential, and manufacturing
buildings; identifying the top ten energy efficient technologies and best
practices for industry; and further development of energy savings performance
contracting in China. This enhanced work plan will be discussed at the next
U.S.-China Energy Efficiency Forum, to be held in Washington, D.C. in September
2013.
5、建筑和工业领域的能效。中美两国高度重视提高工业和建筑领域的能效。双方认识到，通过全面努力提高能效不仅能大幅减少排放、降低成本，还能促进经济增长。《中美能源环境十年合作框架》下的能效行动计划确实正在开展这方面的工作。双方承诺加紧努力，先从重点提高建筑能效做起。我们将通过包括实施创新性融资在内的方法，让中美两国私营部门和其他利益相关者一道参与，进一步加强现有工作以实现两国建筑领域能源消耗的大幅降低。这项工作包括多方面的合作：商业、住宅、制造业建筑的能效标准和测试，识别工业领域十大能效技术及最佳实践，以及在中国进一步发展合同能源管理。这项强化行动计划将于2013年9月在华盛顿举行的下次中美能效论坛进行讨论。
Following the S&ED, the
United States and China will cooperate through all relevant agencies to develop
specific implementation plans for these five initiatives. These plans will
clearly elaborate the roles of relevant agencies. The implementation plans will
be completed by October 2013. Both sides will look to involve other
stakeholders, where appropriate, in the development of these plans and in
initiative implementation and will promptly initiate outreach to them.
战略与经济对话会议之后，中美相关部门将为这上述五个倡议制定具体的实施计划，明确各相关部门的职责。实施计划将于2013年10月完成。双方将注重吸收其他利益相关方适当参与实施计划的制定和倡议的实施，并即行开始同他们联系。
The Working Group also intends to
explore other possible areas for bilateral cooperation, including: (a) specific
mechanisms for China and the United States to work together in assisting least
developed countries, small island developing states, and African countries to
build their capacity to address climate change; and (b) supporting appropriate
cooperative efforts among our states, provinces, and cities as they develop
sub-national carbon markets.
工作组还将探讨其他可能的领域开展双边合作，包括（1）中美一道努力帮助最不发达国家、小岛屿发展中国家和非洲国家开展应对气候变化能力建设的具体机制；（2）支持两国省、州和城市在建立地方碳市场过程中开展适当合作。
Enhanced
policy dialogue 加强相关政策对话
The Working Group emphasizes the
importance of the climate change policy dialogue established under the 2009 MOU to Enhance Cooperation on Climate
Change, Energy and the Environment and the role it has played in enhancing
mutual understanding and exchange of ideas at various critical moments in the
multilateral negotiation process under the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Recognizing the
imperative of negotiating a robust and effective post-2020 climate agreement as
well as the importance of our own constructive contributions for the success of
such negotiations, the United States and China resolve to work closely with
other countries in developing this agreement in the period prior to its
scheduled completion in 2015. In this regard, we intend to enhance and deepen
our policy dialogue on all aspects of this agreement through more frequent and
intensified bilateral consultation at all levels.
工作组强调2009年《加强气候变化、能源和环境合作的谅解备忘录》所建立气候变化政策对话的重要性，强调政策对话在《联合国气候变化框架公约》（简称“《公约》”）多边谈判进程中的若干关键时刻起到了增进双方相互理解和交换意见的重要作用。中美两国认识到有必要谈判达成一项有力、有效的2020年后气候协议，认识到我们两国建设性贡献对谈判取得成功的重要性，决心在谈判于2015年达成协议之前这段时间与其他国家一道密切协作。因此，我们双方将通过在各个层面开展更经常、紧密的双边磋商，就这一协议涉及的所有方面问题加强并深化政策对话。
The Working Group also recommends
strengthening our bilateral dialogue related to domestic climate policy to
enhance mutual understanding of each other’s domestic efforts in responding to
climate change and to enhance our mutual confidence. This dialogue would
include topics such as the role of regulation, lessons learned from
sub-national developments on carbon trading and carbon pricing programs, and
various other policy instruments to help promote low-carbon growth, increase
energy security, and combat climate change.
工作组还建议加强双方关于国内气候政策的双边对话，以加深彼此国内开展的应对气候变化行动的相互了解并增进双方的互信。对话涉及的议题包括管控措施的作用、地方碳交易和碳价方案的进展情况、有助于推进低碳增长提高能源安全和应对气候变化的各种政策工具。
Wherever possible, our policy
dialogue should seek to include expertise from all sectors of society and
provide incentives for engagement at the sub-national level as well as by
business, research institutions, think tanks, academia, and civil society.
双方政策对话还应尽可能地寻求吸纳社会各方面的专长，鼓励地方层面及商界、研究机构、智库、学术界和民间组织的参与。
Additionally, President Barack
Obama and President Xi Jinping made the announcement on June 8, 2013 that the
United States and China agreed to work together and with other countries
through multilateral approaches that include using the expertise and
institutions of the Montreal Protocol
to phase down the production and consumption of HFCs, while continuing to
include HFCs within the scope of UNFCCC
and its Kyoto Protocol provisions for
accounting and reporting of emissions. The Working Group will work effectively
to carry forward this effort.
此外，习近平主席和巴拉克·奥巴马总统于2013年6月8日宣布，中美双方同意共同并与其他国家合作，通过利用包括《蒙特利尔议定书》的专长和机制在内的多边方式来逐步削减氢氟碳化物的生产和消费，同时继续把氢氟碳化物包括在《公约》及其《京都议定书》有关排放报告和计量条款范围内。工作组将对此予以有效推进。
Role of
the Working Group 工作组的作用
The Working Group has already
played an important role in advancing concrete collaboration and mutual trust
between the two countries on climate change. The Working Group is intended to
continue to serve as a high-level forum to coordinate the new action initiatives
outlined in this Report, develop recommendations for new action initiatives and
enhance the policy dialogue on the multilateral climate negotiations process as
well as on domestic climate policy in the two countries. The Working Group will
meet at least twice per year and report annually to the S&ED.
工作组已在推动两国在气候变化领域开展具体合作、增进互信方面起到重要作用。工作组将继续作为一个高层平台，协调本报告中所列出的新的行动倡议，就新的行动倡议提出建议，加强两国关于多边气候谈判进程和国内气候政策的政策对话。工作组将每年至少举行两次会议，并每年向战略与经济对话报告工作。 |
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