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（三）改革开放力度加大。经济体制改革全面推进，为稳增长和调结构创造良好体制机制环境。
3. Reform and opening up were
intensified.
We comprehensively advanced
economic structural reform and created sound systems and mechanisms for
maintaining stable growth and carrying out structural adjustments.
一是行政体制改革成效明显。国务院机构改革顺利进行，行政审批制度改革深入开展，取消和下放416项行政审批等事项，出台了严格控制新设行政许可的措施。政府向社会力量购买服务的指导意见发布实施。公司注册资本登记制度改革加快推进。不动产统一登记制度开始建立。
First, we obtained significant
results in reforming administrative systems. We smoothly advanced institutional
reform of the State Council, thoroughly reformed the system of government
review and approval, eliminated or delegated 416 items that required review and
approval, and implemented strict measures to control the issuance of new
administrative permits for items. We unveiled and implemented the guidelines on
government purchase of social services. We accelerated reform of the
registration system for registered capital. Initial steps were taken to
establish a registration system for immovable property.
二是财税金融改革深入推进。交通运输业和部分现代服务业营改增试点在全国推开，全年减轻企业税负超过1400亿元。提高小微企业增值税和营业税起征点，600多万户企业受益。贷款利率管制全面放开。中小企业股份转让系统试点扩大至全国。信贷资产证券化试点扩大。新股发行体制改革、加强中小投资者权益保护等指导意见出台。创新了企业债券品种和审批方式。
Second, we deepened reform of the
fiscal, tax, and financial systems. A pilot project was carried out across the
country to replace business tax with VAT in the transportation industry and
some modern service industries. We reduced the tax burden of businesses by more
than 140 billion yuan for the year. We raised VAT and business tax thresholds
for small and micro businesses, benefiting more than six million businesses. We
lifted controls on interest rates on all loans. The trial for implementing the National Equities and Exchange Quotations
was extended to all parts of the country. Trials of securitizing credit assets
were expanded. We introduced guidelines on reforming IPO and better protecting
the rights and interests of small and medium-sized investors. We created new
corporate bonds as well as new review and approval methods.
三是投资体制改革取得积极进展。重新修订政府核准的投资项目目录，需报中央管理层面核准的企业投资项目减少60%。改进中央预算内投资补助贴息管理办法，下放了31类点多面广量大单项资金少的中央预算内投资补助贴息项目安排权。铁路投融资体制改革深入推进。对民间投资36条及42项实施细则落实情况进行了第三方评估，鼓励民间投资健康发展的政策措施进一步落实和完善。
Third, we made positive progress
in reforming the investment system. We revised the list of investment projects
requiring government examination and approval and reduced the investment
projects subject to central government examination and approval by 60%. We
improved management of subsidies and discounts for investments from the central
government budget, and delegated the authority to grant subsidies and discounts
for 31 types of such investment projects that cover a wide range of areas, are
large in number, or require less funding individually. We deepened reform of
the investment and financing system for the railway industry. We arranged a
third-party assessment of the implementation of the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Private
Investment, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage
the sound development of private investment.
四是资源性产品价格形成机制不断完善。推出成品油价格形成新机制，出台了支持油品质量升级的价格政策，调整了非居民用天然气门站价格，提高了可再生能源电价附加和环保电价标准，完善核电、水电和光伏发电上网电价机制，顺利实现电煤价格并轨。
Fourth, we constantly improved
the pricing mechanism for resource products. We introduced a new pricing
mechanism for refined oil products, promulgated pricing policies to support the
upgrading of the quality of processed oil, and adjusted city gate prices for
consumption of natural gas by nonresidents. We raised the surcharge on
electricity generated from renewable energy sources and the prices for
electricity generated by environmentally friendly facilities; improved the
pricing mechanisms for on-grid electricity generated from nuclear, hydro and
photovoltaic power; and successfully abolished the dual-pricing system for coal
used to generate electricity.
五是农村改革积极推进。全国农村集体土地所有权确权登记颁证工作基本完成，农村土地承包经营权确权登记试点范围扩大到105个县（市、区）。国有林场改革试点在7个省展开。
Fifth, we actively advanced rural
reforms. We basically completed the work of determining, registering and
certifying rural collective land ownership nationwide, and extended the trials
of determining and registering contracted rural land-use rights to 105
counties, county-level cities and districts. We carried out trial reforms of
state-owned forestry farms in seven provinces.
六是社会领域改革稳步开展。深化收入分配制度改革的若干意见发布实施。28个省（区、市）启动实施城乡居民大病保险试点，县级公立医院综合改革试点扩大到1000多家。前两批非时政类报刊出版单位转企改制试点基本完成。食品药品监管体制进一步完善。
Sixth, we made steady progress in
social reforms. We issued guidelines for implementation on deepening reform of
the income distribution system. We launched a pilot program of insurance
against major diseases for rural and non-working urban residents in 28
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central
government, and carried out trials on comprehensive reform in over 1,000
county-level public hospitals. The first two groups of publishers of newspapers
and periodicals that do not cover current political affairs basically completed
their trial reform to become businesses. The food and drug oversight and
supervision systems improved.
与此同时，国有企业和重点行业改革继续深化，黑龙江省“两大平原”现代农业综合配套改革试验启动实施，对11个国家综合配套改革试验区进行了第三方评估和自评估。
In addition, we continued to
deepen reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and key industries. We launched
comprehensive coordinated trial reforms to develop modern agriculture in the
Sanjiang and Songnen plains of Heilongjiang Province, and arranged third-party
assessments and self-assessments of 11 national experimental zones for
comprehensive coordinated reforms.
对外开放继续深化。外贸进出口总额增长7.6%，比上年加快1.4个百分点。全年非金融类外商直接投资1176亿美元，增长5.3%，服务业实际使用外资比重首次过半，外商投资加快向中西部地区梯度转移。非金融类境外直接投资902亿美元，增长16.8%。中国上海自由贸易试验区挂牌运行。推动世贸组织多哈回合谈判达成“早期收获”协议，与冰岛、瑞士签署自贸协定。积极落实丝绸之路经济带、21世纪海上丝绸之路战略构想，协调推进孟中印缅经济走廊、中巴经济走廊建设。
We opened further to the outside
world. China’s total imports and exports increased by 7.6%, 1.4 percentage
points higher than the previous year. Non-financial foreign direct investment
actually utilized in 2013 totaled US$117.6 billion, up 5.3%. Foreign investment
in service industries utilized exceeded half of their total for the first time.
Foreign investment moved faster to the central and western regions. China’s
non-financial outward direct investment reached $90.2 billion, up 16.8%. The
China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was opened. We helped reach an early
harvest agreement in the WTO Doha Round of negotiations, and concluded free
trade agreements with Switzerland and Iceland. We actively implemented the
strategic concepts of establishing a Silk Road economic belt and a 21st century
maritime Silk Road, and promoted balanced development of the
Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor and the China-Pakistan
Economic Corridor.
（四）人民生活继续改善。加大投入力度，完善政策措施，促进经济社会协调发展。
4. The people’s living standards
improved.
We increased investment and
improved policies and measures to promote coordinated economic and social
development.
一是就业保持总体稳定。城镇新增就业1310万人，年末城镇登记失业率4.05%，超额完成预期目标。高校毕业生就业创业扶持政策得到较好落实，面向就业困难人员的就业援助制度进一步健全，公共就业服务设施建设继续推进。
First, employment remained stable
on the whole. An additional 13.1 million urban jobs were created, and the urban
registered unemployment rate stood at 4.05% at the end of 2013, exceeding
expected targets. The policy for supporting college graduates in finding jobs
or starting their own businesses was satisfactorily implemented, the employment
assistance system for people having difficulty finding jobs was improved, and
public employment service facilities continued to improve.
二是居民收入继续增长。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入分别实际增长7%和9.3%。农村居民收入增速连续4年快于城镇居民，农村贫困人口减少1650万人，城乡居民收入差距继续缩小。
Second, personal income
increased. Urban per capita disposable income rose by 7% in real terms and
rural per capita net income increased by 9.3% in real terms. Rural income
growth surpassed urban income growth for the fourth consecutive year, the
number of rural residents living in poverty decreased by 16.5 million, and the
gap between urban and rural incomes continued to narrow.
三是社会保障制度覆盖面不断扩大。基本养老保险和医疗保险制度的城乡统筹加快推进，城乡低保制度进一步规范，临时救助制度在26个省份建立。社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制得到完善。年末参加城镇基本养老和新型农村社会养老保险人数分别达到3.46亿人和4.74亿人，增加2083万人和1082万人。企业退休人员基本养老金水平提高10%，城镇居民医保和新农合参保财政补助标准由每人每年240元提高到280元。
Third, social security coverage
expanded. We accelerated the coordination of basic old-age insurance and basic
medical insurance in urban and rural areas in an overall manner, further
standardized the subsistence allowance systems for urban and rural residents,
and established temporary assistance systems in 26 provincial-level
administrative areas. We improved the mechanism that increases social
assistance and social security benefits to offset the effects of inflation. By
the end of 2013, 346 million urban residents had joined the basic old-age
insurance system, and 474 million rural residents had joined the new type of
rural old-age insurance system, an increase of 20.83 million and 10.82 million,
respectively. Basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees increased by 10%.
Annual government subsidies for basic medical insurance for non-working urban
residents and the new rural cooperative medical care system were raised from
240 yuan to 280 yuan per person.
四是教育事业稳步发展。农村学前教育推进工程继续实施，义务教育学校标准化建设深入推进，贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件持续改善。进城务工人员随迁子女接受义务教育后在当地参加升学考试政策得到较好落实。农村学生上重点高校比例提升。九年义务教育巩固率92.3%，提高0.5个百分点；高中阶段教育毛入学率86%，提高1个百分点；普通高等学校招生699.8万人，研究生招生77.9万人，其中全日制研究生招生61.1万人。
Fourth, education developed
steadily. We continued to promote preschool education in rural areas,
intensified the standardization of compulsory education schools, and steadily
improved the basic conditions of poorly built and run schools providing
compulsory education in poor areas. We effectively implemented the policy to
grant children who live in urban areas with their rural migrant worker parents
the same eligibility to go to secondary school or college as local students
after receiving compulsory education. The ratio of rural students admitted to
key colleges and universities is on the increase. The retention rate of
nine-year compulsory education was 92.3%, up 0.5 percentage points over the
previous year; the gross enrollment ratio for senior secondary education
reached 86%, up one percentage point; and regular undergraduate and graduate
enrollment totaled 6.998 million and 779,000, respectively, including 611,000
full-time graduates.
五是医疗卫生服务体系继续完善。公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、计划生育服务体系、全科医生培养基地和医药卫生信息化建设得到加强。人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准从25元提高到30元。每千人口医疗卫生机构床位数4.55张，增长7.3%。人口自然增长率4.92‰，实现计划目标。
Fifth, the medical and health
care services systems continued to improve. We strengthened the development of
the public health services system, the medical services system, the family
planning services system, centers for training general practitioners, and
programs to make medical and health care services information-based. We
increased annual per capita spending on basic public health services from 25
yuan to 30 yuan. Hospitals and health care institutions had 4.55 beds per 1,000
people, up 7.3%. The natural population growth rate was 4.92 per thousand,
which met the planned target.
六是公共文化服务体系不断健全。广播电视村村通、文化信息资源共享等文化惠民工程扎实推进，国家文化和自然遗产保护设施建设专项继续实施。旅游法和国民旅游休闲纲要出台，全年旅游总收入2.95万亿元，增长14%。群众体育保障水平提高，全年新增体育场地5.18万个。
Sixth, the public cultural
services system constantly improved. We steadily pressed ahead with cultural
projects to benefit the people such as the extension of radio and television
coverage to all villages and the enjoying of national cultural information
resources together, and continued to implement special projects to develop
facilities for preserving national cultural and natural heritage sites. The Tourism Law and the National Tourism and Recreation Program were introduced and revenue
from tourism totaled 2.95 trillion yuan for the year, an increase of 14% over
the previous year. We increased funding for recreational sports, and built
51,800 sports venues for the year.
七是保障性安居工程建设加快。全年基本建成城镇保障性安居工程住房544万套，新开工666万套，均超过计划目标。
Seventh, construction on
government-subsidized housing picked up speed. Last year we basically completed
work on 5.44 million government-subsidized housing units in urban areas and
began construction on an additional 6.66 million units, with both numbers
exceeding the planned figure.
在国内外环境错综复杂的情况下，经济保持平稳发展，社会大局和谐稳定，成绩来之不易。这是党中央、国务院科学决策、正确领导的结果，是各地区、各部门齐心协力、狠抓落实的结果，是全国各族人民艰苦奋斗、共同努力的结果。
In the face of complex situations
at home and abroad, we maintained steady economic development and overall
social harmony and stability. These hard won achievements can be attributed to
the good policymaking and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee and
the State Council, the concerted efforts and vigorous implementation of all
regions and government departments, and the arduous work and joint efforts of
the people of all China’s ethnic groups.
在看到成绩的同时，我们也清醒地认识到，经济社会发展还面临不少矛盾和困难。世界经济继续呈缓慢复苏态势，仍存在不稳定不确定因素。国内发展中不平衡不协调不可持续的问题依然突出，稳中向好的基础尚不稳固。一是经济增长的动力不足。新的消费增长点不多，投资接续能力偏弱，出口形势仍然严峻。二是结构优化升级任务依然艰巨。部分行业产能过剩问题严重，科研成果向生产力转化不足，一些企业生产经营困难。三是制约农业稳定发展的问题凸显。资源环境约束趋紧，农田水利基础设施仍然薄弱，现有生产经营体制不完全适应现代农业发展要求，农业生产成本上升、比较效益下降。四是资源消耗和环境污染问题突出。节能减排形势严峻，特别是大范围多频次的雾霾天气，严重影响人民群众的生活和健康。五是财政金融潜在风险不容忽视。部分地方和行业债务负担较重，一些企业负债率过高，金融机构不良资产有所增加，流动性风险管理难度增大。同时，结构性就业矛盾突出，部分大城市住房价格上涨过快，房地产领域存在风险隐患，食品药品质量、安全生产、收入分配、征地拆迁等方面也存在一些比较突出的问题。对此，我们一定高度重视，切实采取措施，认真加以解决。
As we look at these achievements,
we are also keenly aware that we still face a number of conflicts and
difficulties in economic and social development. The world economy continues to
recover slowly and is still beset with instability and uncertainty.
Domestically, unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a
serious problem, and the foundation for steady economic growth is not yet firm.
First, the impetus for economic
growth is not strong. There are few new growth areas of consumption, our ability
to make new investment is weak, and the export situation remains grim.
Second, the task of improving and
upgrading the economic structure is still arduous. The problem of overcapacity
is serious in some industries. The transformation of scientific and
technological results into productive forces is insufficient. Some enterprises
are experiencing difficulties in their production and operations.
Third, problems hindering steady
agricultural development are prominent. Resource and environmental constraints
have tightened; infrastructure for irrigation and water conservancy is still
weak; the existing production management system falls short of the development
needs of modern agriculture; and agricultural production is not profitable.
Fourth, the problems of
consumption of resources and environmental pollution are prominent. The tasks
of conserving energy and reducing emissions are arduous; in particular, smog
frequently engulfs large areas of China and seriously affects people’s lives
and health.
Fifth, hidden fiscal and
financial risks cannot be overlooked. The debt burden of some local governments
and industries is heavy, some enterprises are too deeply in debt, the
nonperforming assets of financial institutions have risen, and liquidity risk
management has become more difficult. In addition, the problem of structural
unemployment is prominent, housing prices in some large cities are rising too
fast, and there are risks and hidden dangers in the real estate market. There
are also prominent problems concerning food and drug quality, workplace safety,
income distribution, and land expropriation and resettlement.
We must take these problems very
seriously and adopt measures to resolve them. |
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