二、2014年经济社会发展的总体要求、主要目标和政策取向 II.
General Requirements and Major Targets and Policies for Economic and Social
Development in 2014
2014年是全面深化改革的第一年，也是完成“十二五”规划目标任务的关键一年。要全面贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届二中、三中全会精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，把改革创新贯穿于经济社会发展各个领域各个环节，保持宏观经济政策连续性和稳定性，着力激发市场活力，加快转方式调结构，加强基本公共服务体系建设，着力保障和改善民生，切实提高经济发展质量和效益，促进经济持续健康发展、社会和谐稳定。
The year 2014 is the first year
for implementing the decision of the CPC Central Committee to comprehensively
deepen reform and a crucial year for fulfilling the targets and tasks set in
the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. We need to thoroughly implement the guiding
principles of the Eighteenth National Party Congress and the second and third
plenary sessions of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee, accord with the policy
decisions and arrangements of the Central Committee and the State Council,
adhere to the general work principle of making progress while maintaining
stability, carry out reform and innovation in all areas of economic and social
development, maintain continuity and stability in our macroeconomic policy,
strive to invigorate the market, accelerate the shift in the growth model and
structural adjustment, intensify development of the basic public services
system, work hard to ensure and improve people’s wellbeing, genuinely raise the
quality and returns of economic development, and promote sustained, sound
economic growth and social harmony and stability.
按照上述总体要求，综合考虑需要和可能，提出2014年经济社会发展的主要预期目标：
In view of these requirements and
after consideration of what is needed versus what is possible, we have set the
following main targets for economic and social development in 2014.
——保持经济合理增长。国内生产总值预期增长7.5%左右。这是统筹考虑抓改革、促调整、惠民生、防风险等各方面因素确定的。一方面，发展仍是解决我国所有问题的关键，推进经济结构调整、稳定和扩大就业、保障和改善民生都需要合理的速度，进一步减少贫困、实现全面建成小康社会目标，更要靠发展。另一方面，今年稳增长的有利条件不少，全面深化改革将进一步激发经济发展动力和活力，稳增长政策措施的效应会持续显现，消费、投资、外需均有一定支撑。同时，我国已经到了加快转变经济发展方式的关键阶段，转型升级的任务很重，速度也不宜定得过高。7.5%左右是一个经济增长的预期目标，是弹性的、引导性的，各地应根据自身实际，合理确定增长速度，决不能搞层层加码和盲目攀比。
– Keeping economic growth within
a proper range. GDP is projected to grow by around 7.5%. This target has been
set on the basis of overall consideration of the need to implement reform,
promote adjustment, improve people’s wellbeing, and guard against risks. On the
one hand, development still holds the key to solving all our country’s
problems. To move economic structural adjustment forward, stabilize and
increase employment and ensure and improve people’s wellbeing, we must keep the
economy growing within a reasonable range. We must rely on development even
more to further reduce poverty and finish building a moderately prosperous
society in all respects. On the other hand, there are quite a few favorable
conditions for us to maintain steady growth this year. Our efforts to
comprehensively deepen reform will give fresh impetus and vitality to economic
development, policies and measures introduced earlier to keep growth stable will
continue to have an effect, and consumption, investment and external demand
will all provide support for our economic growth. At the same time, it is
inappropriate to set a growth rate that is too high. China is now in a crucial
stage of hastening the shift in the growth model and the job of industrial
transformation and upgrading is heavy. The growth rate of around 7.5% is an
economic growth target that is flexible and guiding. Local governments should
properly set their own growth rates in line with their actual conditions, and
must not seek faster growth or compete with each other to have the highest
growth rate.
——注重提质增效升级。现代服务业加快发展，服务业增加值占国内生产总值的比重继续提升。研发投入占国内生产总值的比例提高，传统产业加快改造升级，战略性新兴产业健康发展。新型城镇化有序推进，区域发展更趋协调。生态文明建设取得积极进展，单位国内生产总值能耗下降3.9%以上，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放量下降4%，二氧化硫、化学需氧量、氨氮排放量均下降2%，氮氧化物排放量下降5%，万元工业增加值用水量下降5.2%。加快经济转型升级，是我们面临的艰巨而紧迫的任务，决不能以牺牲结构和资源环境为代价换速度。提出上述组合目标，就是为了引导各方面把精力集中到优化产业结构、推进新型城镇化、促进区域协调发展、加强生态文明建设上来，着力解决重大结构性问题，提高经济发展的质量和效益。
– Focusing on raising the quality
and returns of economic development and promoting industrial upgrading. We will
accelerate development of modern service industries, and the share of
value-added by the service sector in GDP will continue to rise. Our R&D
spending will account for a higher proportion of GDP, the transformation and
upgrading of traditional industries will be accelerated, and strategic emerging
industries will enjoy healthy development. A new type of urbanization will
proceed in an orderly way, and development in different regions will become
better balanced. Positive ecological progress will be made. Energy consumption
per unit of GDP will drop more than 3.9%; carbon dioxide emissions per unit of
GDP will fall 4%; the emissions of sulfur dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, and
ammoniacal nitrogen will all drop 2%, and nitrogen oxides emissions, 5%. Water
consumption per 10,000 yuan of value-added of industry will decrease 5.2%.
Accelerating economic transformation and upgrading is an onerous and pressing
task facing us, and we must not sacrifice structural adjustment as well as
natural resources and the environment for the sake of rapid growth. This
combination of targets that has been put forward will guide all sectors to
channel their energy into improving the industrial structure, pressing ahead
with a new type of urbanization, better balancing development in different
regions, and promoting ecological advancement; to remove major structural
barriers; and to improve the quality and returns of economic development.
——保持物价基本稳定。居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.5%左右。这一目标既考虑了各方面涨价因素和人民群众的承受力，也为推进改革和调整结构留出了一定空间。一方面，当前我国总供给和总需求基本平衡，粮食连年增产，绝大多数产品供应充足，保持物价总水平基本稳定具备较好基础和诸多有利条件。另一方面，今年物价仍面临一定上涨压力，既有上年的翘尾影响，也有新涨价因素，同时还要推进资源性产品价格改革，实现这一目标需要付出不小努力。
– Keeping prices basically
stable. The rise in the CPI will be kept at about 3.5%. In setting this target,
we have considered factors causing inflation and people’ s ability to tolerate
it, and have also left space for reform and structural adjustment. On the one
hand, the present basic equilibrium between aggregate supply and aggregate
demand, the year-to-year increases in grain output, and the ample supply of
almost all products provide a good foundation and many beneficial conditions
for keeping overall prices basically stable. On the other hand, there is some
upward pressure on inflation this year, and there are both the carry-over
effect of last year’ s inflation and new factors causing inflation. At the same
time, there is the need to move forward with the reform of prices of resource
products. We will therefore need to work hard to attain this target.
——突出民生优先。城镇新增就业1000万人以上，城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内，大城市调查失业率稳定在合理水平。城乡居民收入增长与经济增长基本同步。社会保障体系进一步健全。基本公共服务均等化继续推进。人口自然增长率控制在6.5‰以内。城镇保障性安居工程住房基本建成480万套、新开工700万套以上。今年城镇新增就业预期目标比去年增加100万人，主要是为了更好地满足城镇新成长劳动力就业需要，适应今年高校毕业生继续增加、就业压力较大的现实。同时，随着国内生产总值基数增大和服务业发展加快，每增长一个百分点带动的就业数量增多，实现这样的目标，也是有条件的。
– Giving high priority to
improving people’s wellbeing. More than ten million urban jobs will be added
this year; the registered urban unemployment rate will be kept under 4.6%, and
the survey-based unemployment rate in large cities will be kept at an
appropriate level. Both urban and rural incomes will increase basically in step
with economic growth. The social security system will be improved. Basic public
services will be made more equally available. The natural population growth
rate will be kept under 6.5 per thousand. Work on 4.8 million
government-subsidized housing units will be basically completed in urban areas,
and construction will begin on an additional seven million-plus units. This
year’ s target for urban job creation is one million more than last year mainly
to better meet the needs of the urban workforce entering the job market for the
first time and to respond to the fact that employment pressure will be
considerable because more students will graduate from college this year. At the
same time, we have the conditions to meet this target because as the GDP base
increases and service sector growth speeds up, more jobs will be created with
every percentage point growth in GDP.
——保持国际收支基本平衡。外贸进出口总额增长7.5%左右，服务贸易发展加快。对外投资持续扩大，利用外资总量保持稳定，结构进一步优化。促进进出口稳定增长政策效应的继续发挥，有利于增强企业信心，保持外贸稳定增长。但同时，国际市场竞争加剧，投资和贸易保护主义明显抬头，出口形势仍然十分严峻，巩固和扩大外需面临不小压力。
– Maintaining basic balance in
international payments. Total imports and exports will grow roughly 7.5%, and
the trade in services will develop more rapidly. Overseas investment will
increase steadily. Total foreign investment in China will remain stable and its
structure will be improved. The policies for promoting steady import and export
growth will continue to produce effects, which will help boost business
confidence and maintain stable growth of foreign trade. However, at the same
time, competition in the international market is escalating, investment and
trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself, and China’s export situation
remains grave. We are thus under considerable pressure to consolidate and
expand external demand.
实现上述经济社会发展预期目标，做好2014年经济工作，核心是坚持稳中求进、改革创新。为此，要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，不断完善调控方式和手段，增强调控的前瞻性、针对性、协同性。
To achieve these targets for
economic and social development and do our economic work well in 2014, we must
seek progress while ensuring stability and carry forward reform and innovation.
To this end, we will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a
prudent monetary policy, constantly improve our methods and tools of macro
control, and make controls more forward-looking, targeted and balanced.
继续实施积极的财政政策。今年拟安排全国财政赤字1.35万亿元，比上年预算增加1500亿元，其中中央财政赤字9500亿元，由中央代地方发债4000亿元，赤字率稳定在2.1%。政策重点是：第一，完善结构性减税政策，扩大营改增试点行业范围，扩展小微企业税收优惠政策，实施鼓励企业年金和职业年金发展的财税政策。第二，调整优化支出结构，重点用于保障和改善民生，向农业、教育、社保、卫生、环保、科技等领域倾斜。从严控制“三公”经费支出，努力降低行政运行成本。第三，用好新增资金，盘活存量资金，建立结转结余资金定期清理机制，加大资金统筹使用力度。第四，加强地方政府性债务管理，加快建立以政府债券为主体的地方政府举债融资机制，推动形成规范合理的中央和地方政府债务管理及风险预警机制。
We will continue to implement a
proactive fiscal policy. The national deficit for this year is projected to be
1.35 trillion yuan or 2.1% of GDP, an increase of 150 billion yuan over last
year’s budget. Of this amount the central government deficit is 950 billion
yuan, and the remaining 400 billion yuan is local government deficit in
treasury bonds of the central government. Our policy priorities will be as
follows:
First, we will improve the
structural tax reduction policy by extending the trial of replacing business
tax with VAT to more industries, extending preferential tax policies to more
small businesses with low profits, and implementing fiscal and tax policies to
encourage the development of annuities in business and industry retirement
plans.
Second, we will improve the
structure of expenditures. We will continue to focus on ensuring and improving
people’s wellbeing and give preferential treatment to agriculture, education,
social security, health, environmental protection, and science and technology.
We will strictly control our expenditures on official overseas visits, official
vehicles, and official hospitality to cut administrative costs.
Third, we will use additional
capital well, seek greater returns on assets on hand, develop a mechanism for
clearing carryover funds on a regular basis, and use funds more through overall
planning.
Fourth, we will strengthen
management of local government debt, move faster to create a mechanism for
local governments to borrow money mainly through issuance of government bonds,
and work to put in place standardized, proper mechanisms for managing central
and local government debts and giving early warning against debt risks.
继续实施稳健的货币政策。今年广义货币供应量（M2）预期增长13%左右。政策重点是：第一，综合运用多种货币政策工具，加强宏观审慎管理，引导货币信贷和社会融资规模平稳适度增长，保持适度流动性，创造稳定的货币金融环境。第二，优化金融资源配置，用好增量，盘活存量，加快资金周转。鼓励和引导金融机构加大对“三农”、小微企业、结构调整的金融支持，提高金融服务实体经济和支持产业转型升级的能力。促进金融市场、金融产品、市场主体多元化发展，提高直接融资比重。第三，完善金融监管协调机制，加强对信贷、债券、理财、同业和信托等业务的风险监管，守住不发生系统性和区域性金融风险的底线。密切监测跨境资本流动，防止大规模资本异常流动对经济和金融运行造成大的冲击。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。
We will continue to implement a
prudent monetary policy. M2 is forecast to grow at around 13% this
year. Our policy priorities are:
First, we will apply a
combination of monetary policy tools, strengthen macro-prudential management,
guide steady and appropriate growth in the supply of money and credit and the
aggregate financing to the real economy, maintain proper liquidity, and create
a stable monetary and banking environment.
Second, we will improve the
allocation of financial resources, make good use of both existing and
additional financial resources, and speed up the turnover of funds. We will
encourage and guide financial institutions to increase their financial support
for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small businesses with low profits,
and structural adjustments; and we will increase the ability of the financial
services sector to serve the real economy and support industrial transformation
and upgrading. We will diversify financial markets and products as well as
market actors, and increase the proportion of direct financing.
Third, we will improve the
mechanism for coordinating oversight and supervision efforts in the financial
sector; tighten oversight over risks from credit, bonds, wealth investment
products, interbank trading, trusts and similar businesses; and hold to the
bottom line of making sure that no systemic or regional financial risks occur.
We will keep a close watch on the cross-border flow of capital and prevent
major shocks to economic and financial activities caused by the high-volume
abnormal flow of capital. We will keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable
at an appropriate, balanced level. |
/2 
