三、2014年经济社会发展的主要任务 III. Major
Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2014
今年要着力抓好9方面工作。 This year we will do our work
well in the following nine areas:
（一）全面深化改革扩大开放。（1）行政体制改革。进一步取消和下放行政审批事项，建立行政审批事项目录清单制度并向社会公开。加快建立纵横联动协同管理机制，改进政府监管方式。继续推进工商登记制度由先证后照改为先照后证。推进公务用车制度改革。开展行业协会商会与行政机关脱钩试点。（2）国有企业改革。准确界定不同国有企业功能，推进自然垄断行业改革。鼓励非公有制企业参与国有企业改革，积极发展混合所有制经济。完善国有资产管理体制。（3）财税体制改革。推进政府和部门预算决算公开，提高一般性转移支付比例，减少专项转移支付项目。完善国有资本经营预算，提高中央企业国有资本收益上缴公共财政比例。调整消费税征收范围、环节和税率，推动煤炭资源税改革。研究逐步理顺中央和地方事权。（4）金融体制改革。建立存款保险制度，稳步推进政策性金融机构改革、民间资本发起设立中小型银行等金融机构，健全金融机构风险处置机制。推动股票发行制度改革。推进利率市场化。促进互联网金融健康发展。完善汇率市场化形成机制，扩大人民币跨境使用，推进资本项目可兑换。（5）资源性产品等价格改革。适时调整风电上网电价，开展输配电价改革试点，完善煤电价格联动机制和抽水蓄能电价机制。适时调整非居民用存量天然气门站价格。建立健全居民用水用气阶梯价格制度。提高主要污染物排污费标准和部分水利工程供水价格。完善铁路运价机制。（6）投资体制改革。加快出台政府投资条例。修订企业投资、外商投资、境外投资核准管理办法。改进审批方式，简化审批内容，优化审批流程，提高服务效率和透明度。实施铁路投融资体制改革。（7）农村体制改革。慎重稳妥进行农村土地制度改革试点，抓紧土地承包经营权及农村集体建设用地使用权确权登记颁证工作。有序推进承包地经营权流转，发展多种形式适度规模经营。完善征地制度，切实保障农民公平分享土地增值收益。健全农业社会化服务体系，扩大农业生产全程社会化服务试点范围。完善集体林权制度改革，推进国有林场和国有林区改革。继续开展国有农场办社会职能改革。（8）社会事业改革创新。推进职业教育、考试招生等改革，鼓励社会力量兴办教育。扩大公立医院综合改革试点，巩固完善基本药物制度和基层医疗卫生机构运行新机制。推动文化企业跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制兼并重组，允许社会资本以控股形式参与国有影视制作机构、文艺院团改制经营。推进养老服务业综合改革试点。结合社会事业改革，放开一批服务价格和收费。同时，扎实推进国家综合配套改革试点。
1. Comprehensively deepen reform
and expand opening up
1) Reform of the administrative
system. We will abolish or delegate to lower-level governments more items
requiring central government review and approval, and set up a system for
listing all items for which government review and approval must be retained and
release the list to the public. We will move faster to establish a mechanism of
coordinating management between government bodies at both the same and
different levels and improve methods of government supervision. We will
continue promoting the industrial and commercial registration system in which
the practice of issuing an operating permit before a license is replaced with
the practice of license first, operating permit second. We will carry out
reform of the system for the use of official cars. We will conduct trials to
separate industry associations and chambers of commerce from administrative
bodies.
2) SOE reform. We will correctly
define the functions of different SOEs and reform natural monopoly industries.
We will encourage non-public businesses to take part in SOE reform and
vigorously develop mixed-ownership structures. We will improve the system for
managing state-owned assets.
3) Reform of the fiscal and tax
systems. We will take further steps to release the budgets and final accounts
of governments and departments, increase the proportion of general transfer
payments, and reduce special transfer payments. We will improve budgets for
state capital operations and raise the proportion of profits from state capital
operations central government enterprises should turn over to public finance.
We will adjust the scope of, links to and rates of excise tax collection and
reform the resource tax on coal. We will study how to properly share power
between the central and local governments in a step-by-step manner.
4) Reform of the financial
system. We will put in place a deposit insurance system, take steady steps to
advance the reform of policy-based financial institutions and encourage the
establishment of small and medium-sized private banks and other financial
institutions, and improve the risk disposal mechanism for financial
institutions. We will promote reform of the stock issuance system. We will
further deregulate interest rates. We will promote the healthy development of
Internet banking. We will try harder to form a market-based exchange rate
mechanism, expand cross-border use of the RMB, and promote the RMB’s
convertibility under capital accounts.
5) Pricing reform of resource
products. We will adjust the prices of on-grid wind power in good time, carry
out price reforms of electricity transmission and distribution on a trial
basis, and improve the mechanism for coupling the prices of coal to those of
electricity and the mechanism for pricing electricity generated by
pumped-storage plants. We will make timely adjustments to city gate prices for
non-household natural gas equivalent to the amount used in 2012. We will
establish a sound system of tiered pricing for household consumption of water
and natural gas. We will raise fees for the discharge of major pollutants and
the prices of water supplied to some water conservancy projects. We will
improve the mechanism for setting rail fares.
6) Reform of the investment
system. We will move faster to introduce regulations on government investment.
We will revise the methods for reviewing and approving items to be funded by domestic
enterprises and foreign capital as well as outbound investment projects. We
will improve the way in which review and approval work is carried out, and
simplify the process to make it more efficient and transparent. We will carry
out the reform of the investment and financing systems for the railway
industry.
7) Reform of rural systems. We
will prudently carry out the trial reform of the rural land system, and quickly
determine, register and certify contracted rural land-use rights and use rights
of collective land for construction purposes. We will promote the transfer of
contracted rural land-use rights in an orderly manner, and develop multiple
forms of larger-scale operations. We will improve the land expropriation system
and safeguard farmers’ fair share of value added to land. We will improve the
system of commercial agricultural services and expand the trials to provide
commercial services for the whole process of agricultural production. We will
improve reform of the collective forest tenure system and advance reform of
state-owned forestry farms and areas. We will continue with the reform to
relieve state-owned farms of social services.
8) Reform of and innovations in
social programs. We will advance reforms in vocational education and in examination
and enrollment, and encourage nongovernmental investment in education. We will
expand the comprehensive trial reform of public hospitals, and consolidate and
improve the system of using basic medicines and the new operating mechanisms of
community-level medical and health care institutions. We will encourage
cultural enterprises’ acquisitions and reorganizations across regions,
industries and forms of ownership, and allow nongovernmental capital to hold
controlling shares in state-owned film and television studios and theatre
troupes to transform them into businesses. We will press ahead with the trials
to comprehensively reform services for the elderly. We will lift control of
some service prices and charges in the process of reforming social programs. In
addition, we will steadily push forward national integrated reforms on a trial
basis.
深入实施互利共赢开放战略，提升开放层次和水平。（1）优化进出口结构。巩固传统出口优势，发挥大型成套装备对关联行业和服务出口的带动作用，加大信用保险、贸易融资等支持力度。引导加工贸易转型升级。妥善应对贸易摩擦。增加国内短缺的技术、资源、产品进口。积极发展服务贸易。（2）放宽外商投资市场准入。深化外商投资管理体制改革，探索对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单的管理模式。加快金融、教育、文化、医疗等服务业领域有序开放。推进中国上海自由贸易试验区先行先试。完善外资安全审查制度。2014年非金融类外商直接投资预期达到1217亿美元，增长3.5%。（3）支持符合条件的企业加快走出去。完善境外投资支持政策，改革和简化外汇管理，有效利用外汇储备支持境外投资，深化境外能源资源、农业开发合作与投资，引导优势产业走出去。2014年非金融类境外直接投资预期达到992亿美元，增长10%。（4）强化多边双边及区域经济合作。扩展内陆沿边开放，统筹推进内陆地区国际大通道建设。积极推进丝绸之路经济带、21世纪海上丝绸之路建设，推动孟中印缅经济走廊、中巴经济走廊建设，加强与周边国家基础设施互联互通。继续推进中韩、中澳等双边重点自贸区谈判和区域全面经济伙伴关系。
We will vigorously implement the
win-win strategy of opening up and raise our level of opening to the outside
world.
1) Improving the import and
export makeup. We will consolidate our traditional advantages in export; get
the export of large equipment sets to stimulate the export of interrelated
industries and services; and give exports greater support in credit insurance
and financing. We will guide the upgrading of the processing trade. We will
appropriately handle trade frictions. We will increase the import of
technologies, resources, and products in short supply domestically. We will
energetically promote trade in services.
2) Relaxing controls over market
access for foreign investment. We will deepen reform of the system for managing
foreign investment and explore ways to provide it with pre-establishment
national treatment together with negative list management. We will move faster
to open banking, education, culture, medical care and other services to foreign
investment in an orderly way. We will encourage the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free
Trade Zone to lead the way and explore new paths in reform. We will improve the
security review system for businesses involving foreign capital. Non-financial
foreign direct investment is expected to reach $121.7 billion in 2014, up 3.5%.
3) Supporting capable Chinese
enterprises in going global more quickly. We will improve policies supporting
outbound investment, reform and simplify foreign exchange controls, efficiently
utilize foreign exchange reserves to support outbound investment, deepen
outbound cooperation and investment in energy and resources and agricultural
development, and guide advantageous industries to do business globally. China’s
non-financial outbound direct investment will amount to $99.2 billion in 2014,
an increase of 10%.
4) Strengthening bilateral,
multilateral and regional economic cooperation. We will open China’s inland and
border areas wider to the outside world, and holistically push forward the
building of major international thoroughfares in the interior region of the
country. We will work vigorously to build the Silk Road Economic Belt, the 21st
Century Maritime Silk Road, the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic
Corridor and the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, and strengthen
infrastructure connectivity with neighboring countries. We will carry on with
negotiations on establishing key bilateral free trade zones with the Republic
of Korea and Australia and on entering into regional comprehensive economic
partnerships.
（二）着力扩大内需。充分发掘消费潜力。2014年社会消费品零售总额预期增长14.5%。（1）增强居民消费能力。合理调整国民收入分配格局，抓紧出台深化收入分配制度改革实施细则，努力增加城乡居民特别是低收入群体收入。（2）大力培育和发展新的消费热点。实施“宽带中国”战略，支持第四代移动通信网络建设和业务发展，推广“三网融合”，开展电子商务示范城市建设，扩大物联网应用，促进信息消费。继续实施节能产品惠民工程，推动节能环保和再生产品消费。支持社会力量举办养老和健康服务机构，积极发展养老、健康等服务消费。出台推进文化创意和设计服务与相关产业融合发展以及促进旅游消费的指导意见，进一步落实带薪休假制度，推动文化、旅游、体育等消费健康发展。（3）优化消费环境。完善城乡流通网络，加快发展城市共同配送和农村配送，促进快递服务与网络零售协同发展。建立健全最严格的食品药品监管制度，推进食品安全放心工程，突出抓好婴幼儿配方乳粉、肉制品等重点行业综合整治。大力整顿和规范市场秩序，依法严厉打击制售假冒伪劣产品、价格欺诈等不法行为。建立健全社会征信体系，推进信用信息共建共享。
2. Strive to expand domestic
demand
We will fully tap domestic
consumption potential. Total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to
grow by 14.5% in 2014.
1) Enhancing people’s ability to
consume. We will properly adjust the distribution of national income, act
promptly to formulate rules for deepening reform of the income distribution
system, and strive to increase both urban and rural incomes, especially the
income of low-income groups.
2) Energetically cultivating and
developing new areas of intense consumption. We will implement China’s
broadband strategy, support efforts to build 4G mobile communications networks
and develop 4G businesses, and advance the delivery of telecommunications,
radio and television, and Internet access over a single broadband connection.
We will promote the development of e-commerce demonstration cities, expand the
use of the Internet of Things, and stimulate information consumption. We will
continue with the project to promote energy-efficient products beneficial to
the people, and boost consumption of products which are energy efficient and
environmentally friendly and which can be recycled. We will support
nongovernmental initiatives to establish facilities providing services for the
elderly and health services and vigorously boost consumption in these two
areas. We will formulate guidelines on integrating the development of cultural
creation and design services with that of relevant industries as well as on
promoting tourism consumption, better enforce paid vacations, and promote sound
development of consumption in cultural activities, tourism and sports.
3) Improving the consumption
environment. We will strengthen both urban and rural circulation networks,
accelerate the development of joint distribution channels in cities and
delivery services in rural areas, and coordinate development of express
delivery services and online retailing. We will put in place viable systems to
supervise and control food and drugs as strictly as possible, carry out food
safety programs, and give high priority to comprehensively improving food
safety in key industries such as that of infant formula and meat products. We
will improve and maintain market order and crack down on the production and
sale of counterfeit and shoddy goods, price fraud, and other illegal behavior
in accordance with the law. We will establish a sound social credit system and
ensure that credibility information is commonly built and shared.
促进投资稳定增长和结构优化。2014年全社会固定资产投资预期增长17.5%，中央预算内投资拟安排4576亿元。（1）释放民间投资潜力。抓好民间投资36条及实施细则的落实工作。抓紧清理和修订有关民间投资的行政法规、部门规章及规范性文件，制定清晰透明、公平公正、操作性强的市场准入规则。尽快在金融、石油、电力、铁路、电信、资源开发、公用事业等领域，向民间资本推出一批符合产业导向、有利于转型升级的项目，发挥示范带动效应。（2）优化政府投资结构。抓紧逐步退出用于一般竞争性企业项目投资，适当减少可利用社会资金的经营性基础设施投资，压缩小型分散投资，停止建设楼堂馆所等投资，重点支持全局性、基础性、战略性的重大项目，集中力量办大事。中央预算内投资主要投向保障性住房及配套设施和棚户区改造，新增千亿斤粮食工程和农村民生，水利、中西部铁路等重大基础设施，节能减排和环境治理，重大核心关键技术开发应用等自主创新和转型升级工程，教育、医疗、社会养老、食品药品安全等社会事业和社会管理，少数民族、边疆地区发展等领域。（3）抓好重点项目。在“十二五”规划《纲要》实施中期评估的基础上，加快实施“十二五”规划明确的重点建设任务，扎实推进在建项目建设。积极推动项目前期工作，充实重大项目储备。
We will promote stable growth and
structural improvement of investment. Total fixed-asset investment is projected
to grow by 17.5% in 2014, 457.6 billion yuan of which will be allocated from
the central budget.
1) Unleashing the potential of
private investment. We will earnestly implement the Guidelines on Encouraging
and Guiding the Sound Development of Private Investment. We will act promptly
to review and revise administrative regulations, department regulations and
normative documents on private investment; and work out market access rules
that are clear and transparent, fair and equitable, and practicable. We will
soon recommend a number of projects in banking, petroleum, electricity,
railway, telecommunications, resources exploitation and public utilities which
fall within our industry guidance and which are beneficial to industrial
transformation and upgrading to guide and drive private investment.
2) Improving the structure of
government investment. We will soon phase out investment in general competitive
businesses in a progressive manner, properly reduce investment in for-profit
infrastructural projects that can be funded by nongovernmental capital, reduce
small, scattered investments, and halt funding for construction of Party and
government office buildings and other facilities to free up resources for major
projects that are of overall, fundamental and strategic importance. Investment
from the central government budget will mainly go toward building of
government-subsidized housing and its supporting infrastructure as well as
rebuilding of rundown areas; the project to increase national grain production
capacity by 50 million metric tons and improve rural livelihood; development of
irrigation works, railways in the central and western regions and other major
infrastructure; energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental
improvement; innovation and industrial upgrading projects such as those to
develop and utilize major, core and key technologies; social programs and
social management efforts such as education, medical care, old-age services,
and food and drug safety; and development of ethnic minority and border areas.
3) Accomplishing major projects.
On the basis of our intermediate assessment of the implementation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), we
will move faster in carrying out the key tasks set forth in it and make steady
progress in ongoing projects. We will work vigorously to prepare well for
implementation of projects and build up reserve of major projects. |
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