（六）促进产业结构优化升级。（1）推动重点产业布局调整优化。出台关于重点产业布局调整和产业转移的指导意见，优化沿海、沿边和内陆地区产业布局，推动城市高污染企业环保搬迁。促进产业集聚集约发展，推动工业园区和产业集群转型升级。（2）着力化解产能严重过剩矛盾。坚决遏制新增违规产能，多策并举优化存量产能。加快建立和完善以市场为主导的化解产能严重过剩矛盾长效机制。提高并严格执行能耗、环保和安全等行业准入标准，清理各种优惠政策，加快淘汰落后产能。对电解铝、水泥等行业实行阶梯电价政策。（3）深入实施创新驱动发展战略。2014年研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比例预期达到2.17%。加快科技体制改革。加大政府对基础研究、前沿技术、社会公益技术、重大共性关键技术的投入。加快国家科技重大专项的实施及成果应用。完善国家自主创新示范区先行先试政策，落实企业技术创新普惠政策，启动实施创新企业百强工程。深入推进重大科技基础设施和知识创新工程建设，在新一代信息技术、环保等重点产业建设一批国家工程中心和工程实验室。大力发展战略性新兴产业，出台支持云计算、民用空间基础设施发展的政策规划，组织实施重大产业创新发展工程和应用示范工程，推进北斗导航等自主技术产业化。深入实施新兴产业创投计划，整合设立国家新兴产业创业投资引导基金。加快发展集成电路、下一代互联网、移动互联网、物联网等产业，加强宽带和网络安全基础设施建设，推动智慧城市建设，全面实施信息惠民工程。（4）加强基础产业。推进铁路特别是中西部地区铁路建设，引导城市轨道交通有序发展，加快推进国家高速公路“断头路”、普通国道瓶颈路段和集中连片特困地区农村公路建设，加快长江等内河高等级航道建设，优化沿海港口布局，有序推进民航基础设施建设。合理控制能源消费总量，改善能源结构，鼓励发展风能、太阳能，开工一批水电、核电项目，加强天然气、煤层气、页岩气勘探开采与应用。（5）加快发展服务业。出台加快发展生产性服务业促进产业结构调整升级的指导意见。继续推进国家服务业综合改革试点和示范区建设。积极发展研发设计、现代物流、金融租赁、节能环保服务、检验检测等重点行业。出台物流业发展中长期规划，开展物流园区示范。2014年服务业增加值预期增长8.3%。
6. Improve and upgrade the
industrial structure
1) Adjusting and improving the
distribution of key industries. We will issue guidelines on adjusting the
distribution of and relocating key industries, improve the industrial
distribution in coastal, border and inland areas, and relocate high-polluting
enterprises in cities to minimize their environmental impact. We will promote
clustering and intensive development of industries and advance the
transformation and upgrading of industrial parks and clusters.
2) Working hard to address the
serious problem of overcapacity. We will firmly prohibit the addition of
production capacity that breaches regulations, and make optimal use of existing
production capacity by various means. We will step up the establishment and
improvement of a permanent, market-based mechanism to address the serious
problem of overcapacity. We will raise and strictly implement industry entry
standards concerning energy consumption, environmental protection and workplace
safety and abolish preferential policies to phase out outdated production
capacity more quickly. We will implement a tiered electricity pricing policy
for industries, such as those that produce electrolytic aluminum and cement.
3) Fully implementing the
strategy of innovation-driven development. We project R&D spending to
account for 2.17% of GDP in 2014. We will accelerate reform of the science and
technology management system. We will increase government spending on basic
research and research on cutting-edge technologies, technologies for the public
good and key standard technologies. We will move faster to carry out major
national scientific and technological projects and apply their advances to
production. We will improve the policy that encourages national innovation demonstration
zones to play their path-finding role. We will apply wide-reaching policies to
encourage business innovation and start to create 100 innovative businesses. We
will build up key scientific and technological infrastructure and advance
knowledge innovation projects, and build a number of national engineering
centers and laboratories for next-generation information technology,
environmental protection and other key industries. We will vigorously develop
strategic emerging industries. We will set forth policies and plans supporting
development of cloud computing and civil space infrastructure, organize the
implementation of innovation development and application demonstration projects
in key industries, and promote industrial application of the Beidou Navigation
Satellite System and other technologies developed by China. We will fully
implement the venture capital plan for emerging industries, and integrate
resources to set up pilot funds for investment in emerging industries in China.
We will accelerate the growth of integrated circuits, the next-generation
Internet, the mobile Internet, and the Internet of Things; strengthen the
country’s infrastructure for broadband and Internet security; build smart
cities; and fully implement information technology projects beneficial to the
people.
4) Strengthening basic
industries. We will build railways, especially in the central and western
regions, and guide urban rail transport to develop in an orderly way. We will
move faster to extend incomplete national expressways, complete bottleneck
sections of national highways, and build rural roads in contiguous areas with
acute difficulties. We will speed up the building of high-grade waterways along
the Yangtze and other rivers, upgrade the distribution of coastal ports, and
promote the orderly development of civil aviation infrastructure. We will
reasonably control total energy consumption, improve the energy mix, and
encourage the development of wind and solar power, and start construction of a
number of hydropower and nuclear power projects. We will strengthen
exploration, exploitation and utilization of natural gas, coal seam gas and
shale gas.
5) Accelerating the growth of the
service industry. We will issue guidelines on speeding up the development of
producer services to promote the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial
structure. We will continue to carry out national trials for comprehensively
reforming the service trade and establish demonstration zones for developing
service businesses. We will vigorously develop key industries such as R&D,
modern logistics, financial leasing, energy conservation and environmental
protection services, and inspection and testing services. We will put forward a
mid-to-long-term development plan for the logistics industry, and build
demonstration logistics parks. The value-added of the service sector is
expected to grow by 8.3% in 2014.
（七）构建各具特色、协调联动的区域发展格局。（1）继续深入实施区域发展总体战略。加快制定优先推进西部大开发的政策性文件，进一步加强基础设施建设，大力发展特色优势产业，启动实施新一轮退耕还林，扩大退牧还草范围。出台全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地若干意见，统筹推进全国老工业基地、城区老工业区更新改造和资源型城市、独立工矿区转型发展。全面落实中部崛起战略，深入推进“三基地、一枢纽”建设，加快中西部地区承接产业转移示范区和产业园区建设。推进东部地区率先发展，支持前海、南沙、横琴、平潭等重大平台建设，继续推进海洋经济发展试点。（2）加快培育新的经济支撑带。依托长江建设中国经济新支撑带，推进长三角地区经济一体化，深化泛珠三角区域经济合作，支持长江中游城市群一体化发展，促进中原经济区加快发展，深化东北四省区合作。深入推进京津冀地区协同发展，加快环渤海地区转型升级。推动云南、广西等地向南亚、东南亚开放，支持西北地区向西开放。（3）增强欠发达地区发展能力。支持西藏、新疆和四省藏区等跨越式发展，落实扶持革命老区振兴发展的规划和政策，继续实施以工代赈和易地扶贫搬迁规划，支持集中连片特殊困难地区发展，加大对口支援力度。今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万人以上。（4）加快落实主体功能区制度。完善财政、投资、产业、土地、环境等配套政策和政绩考核评价体系，推动省级主体功能区规划发布实施，开展主体功能区建设试点示范。
7. Ensure the development of each
region has its own features and coordinates with the development of others
1) Continuing to fully implement
the overall strategy for developing different regions. We will step up the
formulation of a policy document that prioritizes the large-scale development
of the western region, further strengthen infrastructure development,
vigorously develop industries that can take advantage of local strengths, and
launch a new round of efforts aimed at returning even more marginal farmland to
forests and grazing land to grassland. We will issue guidelines on fully
revitalizing the Northeast and other old industrial bases. We will holistically
upgrade and renovate old industrial bases across the country and old industrial
districts in cities, and transform and develop resource-dependent cities and
independent industrial and mining areas. We will fully carry out the strategy
to promote the rise of the central region; make the region an integrated
transport hub and a center for producing grain, energy and raw materials and
developing modern equipment manufacturing and new- and high-technology
industries; and accelerate development of demonstration zones for industries
relocated from the eastern region and industrial parks in the central and
western regions. We will encourage the eastern region to develop first; support
the building of major platforms such as Qianhai, Nansha, Hengqin and Pingtan;
and continue with pilot programs to develop the marine economy.
2) Developing new economic
support zones at a faster pace. We will build new economic support zones along
the Yangtze River, promote economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta,
deepen cooperation in the pan-Pearl River Delta, and support the integrated
development of city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze. We will
promote faster growth of the Central Plains Economic Zone, and deepen
cooperation between Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces and Inner
Mongolia. We will coordinate development in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,
and speed up the transformation and upgrading of the Bohai Sea region. We will
encourage Yunnan and Guangxi to open to South Asia and Southeast Asia, and
support northwestern China in westward opening up.
3) Making underdeveloped regions
better able to develop. We will support the leapfrogging of Tibet and Xinjiang,
and Tibetan ethnic areas in the provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and
Qinghai. We will implement policies and programs supporting the revitalization
of old revolutionary base areas, continue to implement the plan to help the
poor by providing work-relief and relocating those in poverty-stricken areas,
support the development of contiguous areas with acute difficulties, and give
more pairing assistance to underdeveloped localities. This year, we will lift
more than ten million people out of poverty.
4) Speeding up implementation of
the functional zoning system. We will improve fiscal, investment, industrial,
land, environmental and other support policies and the evaluation system for
functional zoning. We will urge provincial-level administrative areas to issue
and implement their functional zoning plans. We will launch functional zoning
demonstrations.
（八）扎实推进生态文明建设。（1）强化制度保障。研究制定加快推进生态文明建设的意见和加强应对气候变化工作的政策性文件。开展生态文明先行示范。建立健全生态补偿机制。完善污染者付费和矿产资源开发补偿制度、生态环保责任追究制度、环境损害赔偿制度。建立生态红线管控制度、企业环境信用评价制度。（2）强力推进节能减排。强化节能减排目标责任制和问责制，实行能源消费总量和能耗强度“双控”考核。实施节能减排重点工程，加强工业、建筑、交通和公共机构等重点领域节能减排和监管，深入开展万家企业节能低碳行动，加快重点用能单位能耗在线监测系统建设。启动实施“能效领跑者”制度，在政府投资的公益性建筑和2万平方米以上公共建筑强制执行绿色建筑标准。落实加快发展节能环保产业的意见。推进节能减排科技专项行动。持续开展节能减排全民行动。（3）大力发展循环经济。落实循环经济战略及近期行动计划。开展循环经济示范城市（县）建设，深化园区循环化改造，加快再生资源回收利用产业化。继续开展国家“城市矿产”示范基地、餐厨废弃物资源化利用和无害化处理试点，实施第二批资源综合利用“双百工程”，推进粮棉主产区秸秆综合利用。整顿矿业开发秩序，发展绿色矿业。开展海水淡化试点示范。（4）狠抓环境治理和生态建设。加大大气污染防治行动计划实施力度，以细颗粒物（PM2.5）和可吸入颗粒物（PM10）治理为突破口，以京津冀、长三角、珠三角等地区为重点加强区域联防联控，完善鼓励脱硫、脱硝、除尘改造以及炼油企业升级改造的经济政策。继续推进重点流域和区域水环境综合整治，制定实施清洁水行动计划。加强土壤污染治理。加快城镇污水、垃圾处理设施等工程建设。开展森林草原资源保护和建设，推进京津风沙源、岩溶石漠化、黄土高原、青藏高原等重点区域综合治理。全面推行清洁生产。（5）做好应对气候变化各项工作。深入推进低碳省区和低碳城市、低碳工业园区、低碳社区等试点示范，研究建立全国碳排放权交易市场，建立温室气体统计核算体系，加强应对气候变化能力建设。落实国家适应气候变化战略。建设性参与气候变化国际谈判，继续开展应对气候变化国际交流与务实合作。
8. Effectively promote ecological
advancement
1) Intensifying institutional
guarantees. We will introduce guidelines on speeding up ecological advancement
and a policy document on better responding to climate change. We will carry out
demonstrations for promoting ecological advancement. We will establish a sound
mechanism for compensating for ecological damage. We will improve the system
under which polluters pay for the pollution they cause and mineral exploiters
compensate for their exploitation of mineral resources, and the system for
holding responsible parties accountable for environmental damage and having
them compensate for the damage they cause. We will enforce ecological red lines
and an environmental credibility assessment system for enterprises.
2) Working hard to conserve
energy and reduce emissions. We will intensify the responsibility and
accountability system for meeting energy conservation and emissions reduction
targets, and conduct assessments to control energy consumption and intensity. We
will carry out key projects for conserving energy and reducing emissions;
intensify efforts to conserve energy, reduce emissions, and enhance oversight
in key areas such as industry, construction, transportation, and public
institutions; launch an intensive campaign to get more than 10,000 enterprises
to save energy and lower carbon emissions; and move faster to establish an
online system to monitor energy consumption by major energy consumers. We will
start implementing the top-runner system for energy efficiency and forcibly
impose green building standards on the construction of buildings for public
welfare and public buildings of 20,000 square meters or more. We will implement
guidelines on accelerating development of the energy conservation and environmental
protection industries. We will push forward the special science and technology
action for energy conservation and emissions reduction. We will continue to get
everyone to save energy and reduce emissions.
3) Energetically developing the
circular economy. We will implement the Strategy
and Near-term Action Plan for Developing the Circular Economy. We will
build circular economy demonstration cities and counties, upgrade industrial
parks to make their operations more circular, and more quickly make the
recycling of renewable resources an industry. We will proceed with the trials
of developing national demonstration centers for recovering mineral resources
from urban waste and of recovering resources from kitchen waste and handling it
safely, implement the project to develop the second group of 100 demonstration
centers and 100 key enterprises that make comprehensive use of resources, and
comprehensively utilize crop stalks in major areas that produce grain or
cotton. We will bring order to mining and make it green. We will carry out
pilot projects and demonstrations for seawater desalination.
4) Striving to improve the
environment and ecosystem. We will intensify the implementation of the Action Plan for Preventing and Controlling
Air Pollution, start by reducing PM10 and PM2.5
emissions, and strengthen coordination of air pollution prevention and control
efforts with the focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River
Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. We will improve economic policies for upgrading
refineries and refurbishing coal furnaces to ensure that flue gas is
desulfurized, denitrified and dust free. We will continue to comprehensively
improve the water environment in key water basins and areas, and formulate and
implement a clean water action plan. We will strengthen control of soil
pollution. We will speed up the development of urban sewage and garbage
treatment facilities. We will protect and develop forest and grassland
resources, and work to comprehensively control the sources of dust storms
affecting Beijing and Tianjin, prevent karst areas from becoming stony deserts
and improve the ecology of the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and
other major regions. We will comprehensively practice cleaner production.
5) Responding to climate change
by all possible means. We will thoroughly carry out pilot programs and
demonstrations to encourage low carbon growth in provinces, regions, cities,
industrial parks, and communities. We will research ways to establish a
national market for the trading of carbon emission rights and a statistical
accounting system for greenhouse gas emissions, and become better able to
respond to climate change. We will implement the national strategy for
adjusting to climate change. We will take a constructive part in international
negotiations on climate change and continue to engage in international
exchanges and pragmatic cooperation on responding to climate change. |
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