3、完善医药卫生和社会保障制度 (3) Refining the medical and
health care and social security systems
一是推进医药卫生体制改革。按照“十二五”期间深化医药卫生体制改革规划有关年度工作要求，将新型农村合作医疗和城镇居民基本医疗保险财政补助标准由年人均280元提高到320元，相应提高个人缴费水平，由70元提高到90元；加快推进城乡居民大病保险工作，进一步减轻群众的大病医药费用负担；加大城乡医疗救助投入，扩大救助范围，支持对重性精神病患者给予救助；加大公共卫生资金投入，继续实施基本公共卫生服务和重大公共卫生服务项目，基本公共卫生服务经费标准提高到每人每年35元；继续推进县级公立医院综合改革试点，研究调整基层医疗卫生机构补助政策，调动基层医疗卫生机构和人员增加服务数量和提高服务质量的积极性。二是完善养老保险制度。建立统一的城乡居民基本养老保险制度，制定城乡养老保险制度衔接办法。坚持社会统筹和个人账户相结合的基本养老保险制度，完善个人账户制度，健全多缴多得激励机制，坚持精算平衡原则，堵塞制度漏洞。按10%的标准提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平。同时，积极推进机关事业单位养老保险改革。三是健全对低收入群体补助政策。完善社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制，对中央财政补助地区按城乡低保对象月人均分别提高15元和12元的标准安排补助资金，全面实施临时救助制度，进一步提高优抚对象等人员抚恤和生活补助标准。四是继续实施更加积极的就业政策，强化政策落实力度，重点支持高校毕业生就业创业和农村劳动力转移就业。
First, we must facilitate the
reform of the medical and health care systems. In line with the requirements
for each year’s work set forth in the plan for deepening the reform of the
medical and health care systems during the
Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, we will increase government subsidies for
the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for
nonworking urban residents from 280 yuan to 320 yuan per person per year and
accordingly increase the annual individual contribution from 70 to 90 yuan per
person. We will more quickly push ahead the work of insuring rural and
nonworking urban residents against serious illnesses to further reduce their
burden of medical expenses. We will increase input in medical assistance in
urban and rural areas, expand access to such assistance, and provide assistance
to those suffering from serious mental illness. We will increase financial
input in public health, continue to implement basic and major public health
services projects, and raise annual per capita spending on basic public health
services to 35 yuan. We will continue with the trials on comprehensive reform
in county-level public hospitals, and develop better policies of subsidizing
community medical and health care centers to motivate them and their staff to
enhance their services in terms of both quantity and quality.
Second, we will refine the
old-age insurance system. We will establish a unified basic old-age insurance
system for the rural population and nonworking urban residents, and formulate
methods to link the old-age insurance systems in urban and rural areas. We will
adhere to the basic old-age insurance system that combines contributions from
various sources in society with personal accounts, and improve the regulations
on personal accounts and mechanisms to incentivize people to pay more to get
more. We will uphold the actuarial balance principle and close institutional
loopholes. We will increase the basic pension benefits for retired enterprise
employees by 10%. In addition, we will vigorously move forward the reform of
old-age insurance in government bodies and public institutions.
Third, we will improve the
subsidy policies for low-income groups. We will improve the mechanism for
increasing social assistance and social security benefits when consumer prices
rise. We will set aside money to raise subsistence allowances for urban and rural
residents living in areas that receive central government subsidies by 15 yuan
and 12 yuan, respectively, per person per month. We will implement the system
of temporary assistance across the country, and further raise subsidies and
living allowances for entitled groups.
Fourth, we must continue to
follow a more proactive employment policy and redouble efforts to implement it,
with the focus on helping university graduates find employment or start
businesses, and rural workers’ transition into the cities for employment.
4、推进教育、科技、文化改革发展 (4) Giving impetus to the reform
and development of education, science and technology, and culture
一是区分教育的公共性层次，完善针对不同教育类型的财政支持政策。支持解决教育改革发展关键领域和薄弱环节问题，进一步加强财政教育经费使用管理。扩大农村学前教育资源。适当提高农村义务教育学校生均公用经费补助标准，改善贫困地区义务教育薄弱学校基本办学条件，着力推进城乡义务教育均衡发展。逐步提高特殊教育学校生均公用经费补助标准。加快发展现代职业教育，建立和完善以改革和绩效为导向的高职院校生均拨款制度，同时引导企业、个人和社会多渠道投资职业教育。落实体现内涵式发展的高校预算拨款制度改革各项措施。在教育管理信息化的基础上，根据进城务工农民工随迁子女跨区域流动情况，完善相关测算办法，增加接收地区的转移支付。二是深化科技管理体制改革，支持落实创新驱动发展战略。改进和加强中央财政科研项目和资金管理，加大对基础研究的投入力度，完善政府对基础性、战略性、前沿性科学研究和共性技术研究的支持机制，健全技术创新市场导向机制。推动国家科技重大专项组织实施管理机制改革，进一步加强对专项资金的绩效管理。深入推进中央财政科技专项优化整合，建立各类科技计划（专项、基金等）的绩效评估、动态调整和中止机制。加快制定科研成果处置与收益分配政策。启动国家科技成果转化引导基金，完善科技型中小企业创业投资引导基金政策。三是支持完善公共文化服务体系，促进文化产业健康发展。推动公共文化资源整合和统筹利用，以农村和中西部贫困地区为重点，推进基本公共文化服务标准化、均等化。促进全民体育健身活动开展，支持大型体育场馆免费或低收费开放。有效发挥文化产业发展专项资金的作用，大力推进文化创意和设计服务与相关产业融合发展。
First, we will determine how
public different types of education are, so we can improve our financial
support policies accordingly. We will support the efforts to address issues in
key areas and weak links of education reform and development, and further
strengthen regulation of the use of government funds for education. We will
broaden resources for pre-school education in rural areas. We will increase
government subsidies for rural students receiving compulsory education by an
appropriate amount per student, improve the basic facilities in weak schools
for compulsory education in poor areas, and promote balanced development of
compulsory education in urban and rural areas. We will steadily raise
government subsidies per student in special needs education schools. We will
more quickly develop modern vocational education, and establish a sound system
oriented toward reform and performance in vocational colleges with a funding
system based on student numbers. At the same time, we will encourage
businesses, individuals and society to invest in vocational education through
multiple channels. We will implement reform measures to establish a budgetary
appropriation system in institutions of higher learning that supports their
intensive development. On the basis of IT-based education management and in
light of the situation in which children of rural migrant workers are moving
beyond regions and into cities with their parents, we will improve the related
measurement and calculation methods to increase transfer payments to the
regions where these children are accepted.
Second, we will deepen reform of
the system for managing science and technology, and support the implementation
of the innovation-driven development strategy. We will improve and strengthen
management of the central government-funded research programs and their
funding; scale up input in basic research, improve the mechanism of government
support for research on basic, strategic and frontier science and generic
technology; and improve market-oriented mechanisms for technological
innovation. We will promote reform of the mechanisms for managing the
implementation of major national science and technology programs, and further
intensify performance-based management of special funds. We will make further
progress in optimizing and integrating science and technology programs financed
by the central government, and put in place mechanisms for evaluating
performance of, making dynamic adjustments to and suspending science and
technology programs (special projects and funds). We will more quickly
formulate policies on transferring and profiting from research results. We will
activate the state seed funds for encouraging the application of science and
technology advances, and refine the policies on venture capital seed funds for
small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises.
Third, we will support
improvement of the public cultural services system, and promote the sound
development of the culture industry. We will stimulate the integration and
overall coordinated use of public cultural resources and make basic public
cultural services more standardized and accessible, especially in rural areas
and poverty-stricken areas in the central and western regions. We will
encourage the development of sports and fitness activities nationwide, and
support large stadiums and gymnasiums in opening up to the public free of
charge or at low prices. We will make efficient use of the funds for developing
cultural industries, and vigorously integrate the development of cultural and
creative industries as well as design services with that of related industries. |
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