关于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明（中英对照）

关于《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》的说明

Explanatory Notes for the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform”

习近平

Xi Jinping

受中央政治局委托，现在，我就《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》向全会作说明。

On behalf of the Political Bureau of the Party Central Committee, I will now explain to the Plenum several issues pertaining to the “Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform.”

一、关于全会决定起草过程

I. The Drafting Process of the Decision

改革开放以来，历届三中全会研究什么议题、作出什么决定、采取什么举措、释放什么信号，是人们判断新一届中央领导集体施政方针和工作重点的重要依据，对做好未来5年乃至10年工作意义重大。

Since the reform and opening-up initiative was introduced in 1978, the third plenary sessions of past CPC central committees have provided the public with important information for judging the governance policy and focuses of the new generations of Party leadership. The discussion topics, decisions made, measures to take, and signals released bore great significance for the Party’s work in the five to 10 years following the plenums.

党的十八大之后，中央即着手考虑十八届三中全会的议题。党的十八大统一提出了全面建成小康社会和全面深化改革开放的目标，强调必须以更大的政治勇气和智慧，不失时机深化重要领域改革，坚决破除一切妨碍科学发展的思想观念和体制机制弊端，构建系统完备、科学规范、运行有效的制度体系，使各方面制度更加成熟更加定型。我们认为，要完成党的十八大提出的各项战略目标和工作部署，必须抓紧推进全面改革。

After the Party’s 18th National Congress, the Central Committee set out to determine the topics for discussion at the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The Party’s 18th National Congress set the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and emphasized that the Party must, with greater political courage and wisdom, and lose no time in deepening reform in key sectors and resolutely discard all notions and systems that hinder efforts to pursue development in a scientific way. It also pointed out that the Party should set up a well-developed, scientific, standardized and effective framework of systems and ensure that operating institutions in all sectors are fully functioning. To achieve the strategic goals and carry out the plans set at the 18th National Party Congress, we must lose no time promoting reform comprehensively.

从党的十一届三中全会作出把党和国家工作中心转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策以来，已经35个年头了。中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌能发生如此深刻的变化，我国能在国际社会赢得举足轻重的地位，靠的就是坚持不懈推进改革开放。

Thirty-five years have passed since the Party made the historic decision of shifting the focus of the Party and state to economic development and initiating the reform and opening-up drive at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. The propelling force behind the improvement of the Chinese people’s life, the advancement of our socialist country, the progress of our Party, and the fact that China has gained important international status is no other than our perseverance to carry forward the reform and opening-up drive.

1992年，邓小平同志在南方谈话中说：“不坚持社会主义，不改革开放，不发展经济，不改善人民生活，只能是死路一条。”回过头来看，我们对邓小平同志这番话就有更深的理解了。所以，我们讲，只有社会主义才能救中国，只有改革开放才能发展中国、发展社会主义、发展马克思主义。

During his inspection tour of the southern provinces in 1992, Comrade Deng Xiaoping said, “If we do not adhere to socialism, do not implement the policies of reform and opening up to the outside world, do not develop the economy and raise the people’s living standards, we will find ourselves in a blind alley.” Today, in retrospect, we have a better understanding of his remarks. This is why, as we are well aware, only socialism can save China, and only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism.

正是从历史经验和现实需要的高度，党的十八大以来，中央反复强调，改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键一招，也是决定实现“两个一百年”奋斗目标、实现中华民族伟大复兴的关键一招，实践发展永无止境，解放思想永无止境，改革开放也永无止境，停顿和倒退没有出路，改革开放只有进行时、没有完成时。面对新形势新任务，我们必须通过全面深化改革，着力解决我国发展面临的一系列突出矛盾和问题，不断推进中国特色社会主义制度自我完善和发展。

From the historical lessons we have learned and the needs of the current times, the Party Central Committee has been repeatedly stressing since its 18th National Congress that reform and opening up plays the decisive role in determining the destiny of contemporary China. Reform is also the key to realizing the “two century goals” and the great revival of the Chinese nation. There are no bounds to practice and development, to emancipating the people’s minds, or to the reform and opening-up effort. We will reach an impasse if we stall and go into reverse on our path, and reform and opening up only transpires in the progressive sense – there is no end to it. Facing the new situation and new tasks, we must deepen reform comprehensively to strive for solutions to the major problems challenging China’s development, and work tirelessly to promote the improvement and progress of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

当前，国内外环境都在发生极为广泛而深刻的变化，我国发展面临一系列突出矛盾和挑战，前进道路上还有不少困难和问题。比如：发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，发展方式依然粗放，城乡区域发展差距和居民收入分配差距依然较大，社会矛盾明显增多，教育、就业、社会保障、医疗、住房、生态环境、食品药品安全、安全生产、社会治安、执法司法等关系群众切身利益的问题较多，部分群众生活困难，形式主义、官僚主义、享乐主义和奢靡之风问题突出，一些领域消极腐败现象易发多发，反腐败斗争形势依然严峻，等等。解决这些问题，关键在于深化改革。

As extensive and profound changes are taking place domestically and internationally, China’s development faces a series of prominent dilemmas and challenges, and there are quite some problems and difficulties on its path of development: Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a big problem. It is weak in scientific and technological innovation. The industrial structure is unbalanced and the growth mode remains extensive. The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is still large, and so are income disparities. Social problems are on the rise markedly. There are many problems affecting the people’s immediate interests in education, employment, social security, health care, housing, the ecological environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, public security, law enforcement, administration of justice, etc. Some people still lead hard lives. Going through formalities and bureaucratism as well as hedonism and extravagance are serious problems. Some sectors are prone to corruption and other types of misconduct, and the fight against corruption remains a serious challenge for us. To solve these problems, the key lies in deepening reform.

今年4月，中央政治局经过深入思考和研究、广泛听取党内外各方面意见，决定党的十八届三中全会研究全面深化改革问题并作出决定。

In April this year, after deep thinking and research, and after soliciting opinions extensively both inside and outside the Party, the CPC Central Committee’s Political Bureau decided that deepening reform comprehensively would be the central topic for discussion at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and that the session would come out with a decision.

4月20日，中央发出《关于对党的十八届三中全会研究全面深化改革问题征求意见的通知》。各地区各部门一致认为，党的十八届三中全会重点研究全面深化改革问题，顺应了广大党员、干部、群众的愿望，抓住了全社会最关心的问题，普遍表示赞成。

On April 20, the CPC Central Committee issued the Notice on Soliciting Opinions on Deepening Reform Comprehensively for Discussion at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. It was unanimously agreed by all regions and departments that by selecting this topic for discussion at the session, the Party answered the calls of the Party members, officials and common people in an effort to address the issues that are of most concern to the whole society. The public showed widespread support for the decision.

改革开放以来历次三中全会都研究讨论深化改革问题，都是在释放一个重要信号，就是我们党将坚定不移高举改革开放的旗帜，坚定不移坚持党的十一届三中全会以来的理论和路线方针政策。说到底，就是要回答在新的历史条件下举什么旗、走什么路的问题。

All the third plenary sessions of the CPC Central Committees convened in the past since the reform and opening-up initiative was introduced in 1978 have focused on the discussion of how to deepen reforms, sending an important signal that our Party will unswervingly uphold the banner of reform and opening up, and firmly adhere to the theories, guidelines and policies put forth since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Party Central Committee. In a word, it is to answer the question of what banner to hold and what path to take under the new historical conditions.

党的十八届三中全会以全面深化改革为主要议题，是我们党坚持以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，在新形势下坚定不移贯彻党的基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验、基本要求，坚定不移高举改革开放大旗的重要宣示和重要体现。

The continuation of deepening reform comprehensively as the central topic at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is an important proclamation made by our Party, which well reflects the CPC’s adherence to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Theory of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development. Under the new circumstances, the Party is unswervingly implementing its basic guidelines and political program, learning from its past experience and meeting its fundamental requirements, and firmly upholding the great banner of reform and opening up.

议题确定后，中央政治局决定成立文件起草组，由我担任组长，刘云山、张高丽同志为副组长，相关部门负责同志、部分省市领导同志参加，在中央政治局常委会领导下进行全会决定起草工作。

After the topic was decided upon, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee set up a drafting group for the Decision of the plenum. I served as the head of the group, with comrades Liu Yunshan and Zhang Gaoli as deputy heads. Persons in charge of related departments and leading officials of some provinces and municipalities also took part. The drafting work was led by the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

文件起草组成立以来，在将近7个月的时间里，广泛征求意见，开展专题论证，进行调查研究，反复讨论修改。其间，中央政治局常委会会议3次、中央政治局会议2次分别审议决定，决定征求意见稿还下发党内一定范围征求意见，征求党内老同志意见，专门听取各民主党派中央、全国工商联负责人和无党派人士意见。

Right from its founding, the drafting group extensively solicited opinions over a period of seven months, carried out appraisals of important topics, conducted investigations and researches, and held discussions and revised the document many times. During this period, three meetings of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau and two meetings of the Political Bureau were held to review the draft Decision. The draft was also circulated among a certain number of Party members and retired members for their suggestions. Opinions were also heard from the central committees of the non-Communist parties, heads of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and individuals with no party affiliation.

从反馈情况看，各方面一致认为，全会决定深刻剖析了我国改革发展稳定面临的重大理论和实践问题，阐明了全面深化改革的重大意义和未来走向，提出了全面深化改革的指导思想、目标任务、重大原则，描绘了全面深化改革的新蓝图、新愿景、新目标，汇集了全面深化改革的新思想、新论断、新举措，反映了社会呼声、社会诉求、社会期盼，凝聚了全党全社会关于全面深化改革的思想共识和行动智慧。

The feedback showed that all consulted groups and individuals had reached the consensus that the Decision offers an in-depth analysis of the key issues challenging China’s reform, development and stability both in theory and practice, and expounds on the significance of deepening reform comprehensively and the future of our reform. It sets forth the guidelines for deepening reform comprehensively, as well as the goals, tasks and underlying principles; it delineates a new blueprint for the reform effort, and envisions the new targets with vigor; it includes the new thoughts, judgment and measures for deepening reform comprehensively, and reflects the calls, appeals and aspirations of the society; and it epitomizes the Party and the general public’s political consensus and wisdom in action to deepen the reform comprehensively.

各方面一致认为，全会决定合理布局了全面深化改革的战略重点、优先顺序、主攻方向、工作机制、推进方式和时间表、路线图，形成了改革理论和政策的一系列新的重大突破，是全面深化改革的又一次总部署、总动员，必将对推动中国特色社会主义事业发展产生重大而深远的影响。

A consensus was reached among all groups and individuals that the Decision lays out a balanced plan for the strategic key areas in deepening reform comprehensively, with prioritized goals and focal points. It also introduces the working mechanism, methods of implementation, and the timetable and roadmap for the reform plan, making a series of major breakthroughs in the theories and policies guiding the reform effort. It once again makes overall plans for deepening the reform comprehensively, serving as a general mobilization for the nation to take action. The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is bound to exert a significant and far-reaching influence on the development of the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics.

在征求意见过程中，各方面共提出了许多好的意见和建议。中央责成文件起草组认真整理研究这些意见和建议，文件起草组对全会决定作出重要修改。

In the course of soliciting opinions, people from all sides offered many valuable ideas and suggestions. With careful study and discussion of these ideas and suggestions within the drafting group, as instructed by the Party Central Committee, important revisions were made to the Decision.