二、关于全会决定的总体框架和重点问题 II. The
General Framework and Key Issues of the Decision
中央政治局认为，面对新形势新任务新要求，全面深化改革，关键是要进一步形成公平竞争的发展环境，进一步增强经济社会发展活力，进一步提高政府效率和效能，进一步实现社会公平正义，进一步促进社会和谐稳定，进一步提高党的领导水平和执政能力。
The Political Bureau of the Party
Central Committee believes that, facing the new situation with new tasks and
new requirements, China must take comprehensive measures to deepen its reform.
To do this, the key lies in further developing an environment for fair
competition, further invigorating economic and social growth, further enhancing
the efficiency of the government, further exploring social equality and
justice, further promoting social harmony and stability, and further improving
the Party’s leadership and governance.
围绕这些重大课题，我们强调，要有强烈的问题意识，以重大问题为导向，抓住关键问题进一步研究思考，着力推动解决我国发展面临的一系列突出矛盾和问题。我们中国共产党人干革命、搞建设、抓改革，从来都是为了解决中国的现实问题。可以说，改革是由问题倒逼而产生，又在不断解决问题中得以深化。
To carry out these resolutions,
it must be stressed that we should be fully aware of our problems, focus on the
key issues for further study and research, and strive to solve the major
dilemmas and problems challenging our development. As the Communist Party of
China has fought its way through revolution, construction and reforms, its sole
aim has always been to solve the problems of China. It is fair to say that
existing problems have forced us to reform, and reforms are deepened once problems
are tackled and solved.
35年来，我们用改革的办法解决了党和国家事业发展中的一系列问题。同时，在认识世界和改造世界的过程中，旧的问题解决了，新的问题又会产生，制度总是需要不断完善，因而改革既不可能一蹴而就、也不可能一劳永逸。
In the past 35 years, we have
overcome many problems hindering the development of the Party and the state
through reform. But new problems always replace old ones during our exploration
and transformation of the world. This is why our system needs to be constantly
improved and why reform cannot be accomplished in one stroke or why we cannot
rest on our laurels indefinitely once existing problems are solved.
全会决定起草，突出了5个方面的考虑。一是适应党和国家事业发展新要求，落实党的十八大提出的全面深化改革开放的战略任务。二是以改革为主线，突出全面深化改革新举措，一般性举措不写，重复性举措不写，纯属发展性举措不写。三是抓住重点，围绕解决好人民群众反映强烈的问题，回应人民群众呼声和期待，突出重要领域和关键环节，突出经济体制改革牵引作用。四是坚持积极稳妥，设计改革措施胆子要大、步子要稳。五是时间设计到2020年，按这个时间段提出改革任务，到2020年在重要领域和关键环节改革上取得决定性成果。
The draft Decision stressed five major considerations. One, it had to meet
the new requirements for the development of the Party and state, and implement
the strategic task of deepening reform comprehensively, as set forth at the
Party’s 18th National Congress. Two, it had to center on reform and foreground
the new measures for deepening it comprehensively, leaving out general and
repetitive measures and measures solely for enhancing development. Three, it
had to address the key issues, properly deal with the pressing concerns of the
people, respond to their calls and aspirations, focus on important areas and
crucial segments, and ensure that the reform of the economic system took the
lead in promoting development. Four, it had to take an active yet discreet
attitude when designing the reform measures. Five, it had to plan the tasks
according to the timetable, which set forth that by 2020 decisive results were
to have been achieved in the reform of important areas and crucial segments.
在框架结构上，全会决定以当前亟待解决的重大问题为提领，按条条谋篇布局。除引言和结束语外，共16个部分，分三大板块。第一部分构成第一板块，是总论，主要阐述全面深化改革的重大意义、指导思想、总体思路。第二至第十五部分构成第二板块，是分论，主要从经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明、国防和军队6个方面，具体部署全面深化改革的主要任务和重大举措。其中，经济方面开6条（第二至第七部分），政治方面开3条（第八至第十部分），文化方面开1条（第十一部分），社会方面开2条（第十二至第十三部分），生态方面开1条（第十四部分），国防和军队方面开1条（第十五部分）。第十六部分构成第三板块，讲组织领导，主要阐述加强和改善党对全面深化改革的领导。
The Plenary Session set as the
framework of the Decision the
important issues that China needs to deal with, and arranged the Decision according to its various
points. In addition to the Foreword and Conclusion, there are 16 parts divided
into three main sections. The first part is also the first section and the General Remarks that mainly elaborates
on the significance, guiding thoughts and overall direction of deepening reform
comprehensively. Section 2 consists of Part 2 to Part 15, introducing the
arrangement of the main tasks and important measures for deepening reform in
six aspects – the economy, politics, culture, society, ecology and national
defense/armed forces. The different aspects are arranged as follows: Economy
from Part 2 to Part 7, politics from Part 8 to Part 10, culture in Part 11,
society from Part 12 to Part 13, ecology in Part 14, and national defense/armed
forces in Part 15. Part 16 composes the third section, Organizational Leadership, which mainly elaborates on strengthening
and improving the Party’s leadership in the course of deepening reform
comprehensively.
这里，我想就全会决定涉及的几个重大问题和重大举措介绍一下中央的考虑。
Here, I would like to explain the
considerations of the CPC Central Committee on the major issues and key
measures mentioned in the Decision of
the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee.
第一，关于使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。这是这次全会决定提出的一个重大理论观点。这是因为，经济体制改革仍然是全面深化改革的重点，经济体制改革的核心问题仍然是处理好政府和市场关系。
First of all, we should let the
market play the decisive role in allocating resources and let the government
play its functions better. This is a major theoretical proposition in the Decision, because economic restructuring
is still the focus of deepening reform comprehensively, and the appropriate
handling of the relationship between the government and the market is still the
core issue of the reform of the economic system.
1992年，党的十四大提出了我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制，提出要使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。这一重大理论突破，对我国改革开放和经济社会发展发挥了极为重要的作用。这也说明，理论创新对实践创新具有重大先导作用，全面深化改革必须以理论创新为先导。
In 1992, the Party’s 14th
National Congress stipulated that China’s economic reform aimed at establishing
a socialist market economy, allowing the market to play the basic role in
allocating resources under state macro control. This key breakthrough in theory
played an extremely important role in guiding China’s reform and opening-up
effort, and the development of its economy and society. It also illustrated
that theoretical innovation pioneers the way for innovation in practice, and
for comprehensively deepening the reform we must renew our theory first.
经过20多年实践，我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，但仍存在不少问题，主要是市场秩序不规范，以不正当手段谋取经济利益的现象广泛存在；生产要素市场发展滞后，要素闲置和大量有效需求得不到满足并存；市场规则不统一，部门保护主义和地方保护主义大量存在；市场竞争不充分，阻碍优胜劣汰和结构调整，等等。这些问题不解决好，完善的社会主义市场经济体制是难以形成的。
After 20 years of practice, a
socialist market economy has been basically established in China. But there are
still many problems. The market lacks order and many seek economic benefits
through unjustified means; the market for factors of production lags behind in
development, unable to allocate the factors of production to meet the effective
demand; the lack of unified market rules means rampant protectionism initiated
by departments or local governments; and market competition is not good enough
to select the superior and eliminate the inferior, and thus slows down economic
restructuring. If left unresolved, these problems will hinder the development
of a sound socialist market economy.
从党的十四大以来的20多年间，对政府和市场关系，我们一直在根据实践拓展和认识深化寻找新的科学定位。党的十五大提出“使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用”，党的十六大提出“在更大程度上发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”，党的十七大提出“从制度上更好发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”，党的十八大提出“更大程度更广范围发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用”。可以看出，我们对政府和市场关系的认识也在不断深化。
Over the past two decades since
the Party’s 14th National Congress, we have kept searching for a new
positioning for the relationship between the government and the market through
practice and theoretical research. The Party’s 15th National Congress proposed
that “the market will play a basic role in the allocation of resources under
state macro control,” the Party’s 16th National Congress proposed to “give a fuller
play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources,” the Party’s
17th National Congress sought to “introduce institutions to give better play to
the basic role of market forces in allocating resources,” and the Party’s 18th
National Congress stipulated that the Party should “leverage to a greater
extent and in a wider scope the basic role of the market in allocating
resources.” From the above progression it can be seen that we have been
constantly deepening our understanding of the government-market relationship.
在这次讨论和征求意见过程中，许多方面提出，应该从理论上对政府和市场关系进一步作出定位，这对全面深化改革具有十分重大的作用。考虑各方面意见和现实发展要求，经过反复讨论和研究，中央认为对这个问题从理论上作出新的表述条件已经成熟，应该把市场在资源配置中的“基础性作用”修改为“决定性作用”。
During the discussion and
consultation sessions regarding the Decision,
many suggested that the Party should further position the government-market
relationship from a theoretical perspective, which would have great significance
for deepening the reform comprehensively. With due consideration to these
opinions and the current circumstances, and after much discussion and research,
the Party Central Committee agreed that it was time to introduce a new
theoretical expression concerning this matter, and that the “basic role” of the
market in allocating resources should be revised to a “decisive role.”
现在，我国社会主义市场经济体制已经初步建立，市场化程度大幅度提高，我们对市场规律的认识和驾驭能力不断提高，宏观调控体系更为健全，主客观条件具备，我们应该在完善社会主义市场经济体制上迈出新的步伐。
We have now basically established
a socialist market economy in our country, with considerable improvement in the
degree of marketization. We have gained better knowledge of the market rules
and enhanced our capacity to use it to our benefit, and have improved the macro
control system. With both the subjective and objective conditions ready, we
should take a new step forward to improve our socialist market economy.
进一步处理好政府和市场关系，实际上就是要处理好在资源配置中市场起决定性作用还是政府起决定性作用这个问题。经济发展就是要提高资源尤其是稀缺资源的配置效率，以尽可能少的资源投入生产尽可能多的产品、获得尽可能大的效益。理论和实践都证明，市场配置资源是最有效率的形式。市场决定资源配置是市场经济的一般规律，市场经济本质上就是市场决定资源配置的经济。健全社会主义市场经济体制必须遵循这条规律，着力解决市场体系不完善、政府干预过多和监管不到位问题。作出“使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用”的定位，有利于在全党全社会树立关于政府和市场关系的正确观念，有利于转变经济发展方式，有利于转变政府职能，有利于抑制消极腐败现象。
To further balance the
relationship between the government and the market, we need to decide which of
the two is to play the decisive role in allocating resources. To boost the
economy, we must enhance the efficiency of the allocation of resources,
especially that of scarce resources, so that we can use fewer resources to make
more products and gain more benefits. Both theory and practice have proved that
the allocation of resources by the market is the most effective means to this
end. It is a general rule of the market economy that the market decides the
allocation of resources, and a market economy in essence is one in which the
market determines resource allocation. We have to follow this rule when we
improve the socialist market economy. We should work harder to address the
problems of market imperfection, too much government interference and lack of
oversight. Positioning the market as playing a “decisive role” in resource
allocation is conducive to establishing the correct notion of the
government-market relationship in the whole Party and the whole society, and
conducive to transforming the economic growth pattern and government functions
as well as reining in corruption and other forms of misconduct.
当然，我国实行的是社会主义市场经济体制，我们仍然要坚持发挥我国社会主义制度的优越性、发挥党和政府的积极作用。市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，并不是起全部作用。
Our market economy is of a
socialist nature, of course. We need to give leverage to the superiority of our
socialist system, and let the Party and government perform their positive
functions. The market plays a decisive role in allocating resources, but is not
the sole actor in this regard.
发展社会主义市场经济，既要发挥市场作用，也要发挥政府作用，但市场作用和政府作用的职能是不同的。全会决定对更好发挥政府作用提出了明确要求，强调科学的宏观调控，有效的政府治理，是发挥社会主义市场经济体制优势的内在要求。全会决定对健全宏观调控体系、全面正确履行政府职能、优化政府组织结构进行了部署，强调政府的职责和作用主要是保持宏观经济稳定，加强和优化公共服务，保障公平竞争，加强市场监管，维护市场秩序，推动可持续发展，促进共同富裕，弥补市场失灵。
To develop the socialist market
economy, leverage should be given to both the market and the government, with
differentiated functions. The Decision
put forth clear requirements for improving the functions of the government,
emphasizing that scientific macro control and effective governance are the
intrinsic requirements for giving more leverage to the advantages of the
socialist market economy. The Decision
also makes plans for improving macro control, correctly performing government
functions in all areas, and improving the organization of government. It
stresses that the main responsibility and role of the government is to maintain
the stability of the macro economy, strengthen and improve public services,
ensure fair competition, strengthen oversight of the market, maintain market
order, promote sustainable development and common prosperity, and intervene in
situations where market failure occurs. |
